تبیین پویایی فضایی – کالبدی بخش مرکزی شهر رشت
الموضوعات :احمد زنگانه 1 , محمد سلیمانی 2 , تاج الدین کرمی 3 , مهدی عباس زاده 4 , رضا ویسی 5
1 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
5 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: رشت, کالبدی, فضایی, پویایی, بخش‌مرکزی شهر,
ملخص المقالة :
بخش مرکزی شهرها همواره ظرفیت زیادی به منظور ارتقاء، رشد و توسعه شهر داشته است. همراه با گسترش شهر و ایجاد قطب‌های جدید فعالیت و سکونت در سایر نقاط شهر و از طرف دیگر ظهور مسائل و مشکلات فضایی در بخش مرکزی شهرها، ظرفیت‌های توسعه‌ای این بخش از شهر تحت تأثیر قرار گرفته است. مرکز شهر رشت در گذر زمان و تحت تأثیر اثرات کُنِش متقابل نیروهای پویا، پویایی‌هایی را تجربه کرده است. بنابراین لازم است این نیروها و فرآیندهای پویا را شناخت و دانست که، پویایی فضایی-کالبدی بخش مرکزی شهر رشت از چه ماهیتی برخوردار است، تحت تأثیر چه عواملی قرار داشته است، این پویایی در قالب چه فرایندهایی رخ داده است و کدام یک از عوامل بیشترین تأثیر را دگرگونی‌های این بخش از شهر داشته است.نوع تحقیق در این پژوهش شناختی- تبیینی، و پارادایم/ فلسفه ی روش شناختیِ آن نیز، پوزیتیویستی- تفسیری است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که عوامل مبتنی بر اجتناب از شرایط نامطلوب با دارا بودن 65 درصد از وزن کلیه عوامل اثر گذار بر پویایی بخش مرکزی شهری رشت، مهمترین عوامل در تصمیم‌گیری به جدایی‌گزینی و جابجایی خانوارها و در نتیجه پویایی فضایی کالبدی بخش مرکزی شهر رشت می‌باشند. بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق، علیرغم روند افزایشی کل جمعیت شهر رشت (82/36 درصد) طی دوره ده ساله 1380 الی 1390، اما جمعیت بخش مرکزی آن طی این دوره با کاهش (34/4 درصد) مواجه است، و الگوی کاربری اراضی و کارکرد املاک بخش مرکزی شهر تمایل شدید به کاهش کاربری مسکونی (19 درصد کاهش طی سال های 1352 الی 1397) و افزایش کاربری تجاری (75 درصد)، کاربری تفریحی گردشگری (2586 درصد)، کاربری پارکینگ (114 درصد) و کاربری فرهنگی (51 درصد) دارد. بنابراین ساختار اقتصاد سیاسی حاکم بر شهر رشت، از طریق تغییر در چرخه‌های سرمایه گذاری- سرمایه زدایی و اولویت ارزش مبادلاتی بر ارزش مصرفی زمین و املاک، بر روند رو به افول بخش مرکزی شهر رشت از نظر سکونت و بازساخت‌های فضاهای فعالیتی اثر گذار بوده است. در نهایت بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد که تدوین راهبرد بازآفرینی و بهسازی محله‌های بخش مرکزی شهر رشت بر اساس توان فضایی قابلیت دسترسی، با تأکید بر رفع آسیب‌پذیری منطقه مورد مطالعه کارآمدترین راهبرد در توسعه این بخش شهری است.
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Sartip poor, J. (1991). Names and names of Guilan. (1th Ed.). Rasht: Gilakan Publication. (In Persian).
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Tarh and kauosh Consultant Engineers Co. (2007). Development plan and spheres of influence of Rasht city. Rasht: Gilan Housing and Urban Development Organization. (In Persian).
Temkin, K, and William, R. (1996). Neighborhood change and urban policy. Journal of Planning Education and Research. 15 (3), 159-170.
Temkin, K. and William, R. (1998). Social capital and neighborhood stability: an empirical investigation. Housing Policy Debate 9(1), 61–88.
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Weaver, R. (2016). Evolutionary theory and neighborhood quality: a multilevel selection-inspired approach to studying urban property conditions. Applied Research in Quality of Life. 11 (2), 369-386.
Zanganeh, A. (2013). Explanation of Urban Wilt in District 12 of Tehran. Unpublished Phd thesis, University of Tehran. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Zanganeh, A. (2014). Vocabulary dictionary of environmental hazards. (1th Ed.). Tehran: University Jahad Publishing Kharazmi Branch. (In Persian).
_||_Alemi, R. (2004). Geographic Histology of old Birjand neighborhoods for restoration and prevention of burnout. Unpublished master's thesis. Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Bradbury, K. L., et al. (1981). Urban Decline and the Futher of American Cities. (1th Ed.). Washington D. C.: The Brookings Institution.
Burgess, E. (1925). The growth of the city: an introduction to a research project. (1th Ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Clark, D. (2013). Urban decline. Translation: Zanganeh, A. Janeh, B. Zanganeh, A. and Amir Hajjloo, E. (1th Ed.). Tehran: University Jahad Publishing Kharazmi Branch. (In Persian).
Clarke, D. (2013), Urban Decay, Translation: Ahmad Zanganeh, Bahareh Janeh, Abolfazl Zanganeh and Elham Amir Hajjlo, Jahad Publishing University, Kharazmi Branch. (In Persian).
Farjam, R. (2013). Spatial Analysis Mixuse Planning and Decline of Central City Division: Case Study: Shiraz Metropolis, PhD Thesisi. Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Firey, W. (1945). Sentiment and symbolism as ecological variables. American Sociological Review. 80(2), 140-148.
Galster, G., Cutsinger, J. and Malega, R. (2006). The social costs of concentrated poverty: externalities to neighboring households and property owners and the dynamics of decline. National Poverty Center Working Paper. 42(06), 15-28.
Goodwin, C. (1979). The Oak Park strategy. (1th Ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Grigsby, W. G., Baratz, M. and Maclellan, D. (1987). The dynamics of neighborhood change and decline. (1th Ed.). Pergamon: Oxford.
Gozineh Consulting Engineers Co. (2013). the study design of the central market structure of the city of Rasht. Rasht: Rasht Municipality. (In Persian).
Hosseini, S. A. (2004). The study of the physical transformations of Rasht city within the framework of urban development and urban development theories. Quarterly Journal of Guilan. 23 (1), 14-21. (In Persian).
Imamie Sigarudi, A. Dehqan Nayeri, N. Rahnavard, Z. Ali Nouri, S. (2012), Methodology of qualitative research: Phenomenology, Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Journals System, 22 (68), 56-63. (In Persian).
Iran Amayes Consulting Engineers Co. (1990). Development plan and spheres of influence of Rasht city. Rasht: Gilan Housing and Urban Development Organization. (In Persian).
Karami, T. (2011). Spatial inequality in the process of physical expansion of the city, case: Tehran city. Unpublished Phd thesis, Tarbiat Moalem University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Kitchen, P. and Williams, A. (2009). Measuring neighborhood social change in Saskatoon, Canada: a geographic analysis. Urban Geography. 30(3), 261-288.
Kohandej Architectural Consulting Engineers Co. (2001). Design and renovation of Rasht texture. Rasht: Gilan Civil Construction and Housing Complex. (In Persian).
Knox, P. and Pinch, S. (2010). Urban social geography, (6th Ed.). London: Prentice Hall.
Logan J R. Swanstrom T. (1990). Beyond the City Limits, (1th Ed.). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Management and Planning Organization of Guilan Province. (2016). Statistical Yearbook of Guilan Province, Deputy of Statistics and Information. (In Persian).
Metzger, J. (2000). Planned abandonment: the neighborhood life-cycle theory and national urban policy. Housing Policy Debate. 11(1), 7–40.
Meshkini, A. Zanganeh, A. Mahdanejad, H. (2014). Income on urban dispersal. (1th Ed.).Tehran: University Jahad Publishing Kharazmi Branch. (In Persian).
Meteorological Organization of Guilan Province. (2016). Statistical data and statistics of climatic parameters of Rasht station during statistical period (1995-2015), Deputy of Statistics. (In Persian).
Nelson, R. (2006). Evolutionary social science and universal Darwinism. Journal of Evolutionary Economics. 16(5), 491–510.
Organization of Planning and Budget of Guilan Province. (2007). Detailed results of the census of population and housing in Rasht, 2006, Deputy of Statistics and Information. (In Persian).
Pacione, M. (2003). Quality-of-life research in urban geography. Urban Geography. 24(4), 314–339.
Papoli Yazdi, M. H. and Rajabi Sanaajerdi, H. (2013). Theories of the city and the surrounding area. (5th Ed.). Tehran: Organization for the Study and Compilation of Humanities Books of Universities. (In Persian).
Park, R. and Burgess, E. (1925). The city. (1th Ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Pitkin, B. (2001). Theories of Neighborhood Change: Implications for Community Development Policy and Practice, UCLA Advanced Policy Institute. 26(1), 46–58.
Petterson, P. (2017). New urban reality. Translation: Zanganeh, A. Karami, T. Talakbaki, H. R. and Janeh, B. (1th Ed.). Tehran: University Jahad Publishing Kharazmi Branch. (In Persian).
Rahnama, M. R. (1996). Old tissue revitalization and urban development. Sample: residential buildings in downtown Mashhad. Phd thesis published, Tarbiat Modarres University. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Safardost, A. (2005). Research in recognition of identity of Rasht city. (1th Ed.). Rasht: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development and Gilan Civil and Improvement Organization. (In Persian).
Sardar Afkhami Consulting Engineers Co. (1972). Rasht comprehensive plan. Rasht: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Urban Planning and Architecture. (In Persian).
Sartip poor, J. (1991). Names and names of Guilan. (1th Ed.). Rasht: Gilakan Publication. (In Persian).
Sassen, S. (1990). Economic restructuring and the American city. Annual Review of Sociology. 16(1), 465–490.
Shine, Claude. (1993). Urban Dynamics or City Dynamics. Translation: Asghar Nazarian. (1th Ed.). Mashhad: Publishing Department of Cultural Astan Quds Razavi. (In Persian).
Shokouee, H. and Mosa Kazemi, S. (2007), The Basics of Urban Geography, Payame Noor University Press. (In Persian).
Somerville, P. Van Beckhoven, E. and Van Kempen, R. (2009). The decline and rise of neighborhoods: the importance of neighborhood governance. European Journal of Housing Policy 9(1), 25–44.
Statistical Center of Iran. (2016). The results of the general census of population and housing in the whole country from 1956 to 2016. Tehran: Iran's Statistics Center. (In Persian).
Tarh and kauosh Consultant Engineers Co. (2007). Development plan and spheres of influence of Rasht city. Rasht: Gilan Housing and Urban Development Organization. (In Persian).
Temkin, K, and William, R. (1996). Neighborhood change and urban policy. Journal of Planning Education and Research. 15 (3), 159-170.
Temkin, K. and William, R. (1998). Social capital and neighborhood stability: an empirical investigation. Housing Policy Debate 9(1), 61–88.
Turchin, P. (2003). Historical dynamics. (1th Ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Turchin, P. (2007). War and peace and war: the rise and fall of empires. (1th Ed.). New York: Plume.
Weaver, R. (2016). Evolutionary theory and neighborhood quality: a multilevel selection-inspired approach to studying urban property conditions. Applied Research in Quality of Life. 11 (2), 369-386.
Zanganeh, A. (2013). Explanation of Urban Wilt in District 12 of Tehran. Unpublished Phd thesis, University of Tehran. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Zanganeh, A. (2014). Vocabulary dictionary of environmental hazards. (1th Ed.). Tehran: University Jahad Publishing Kharazmi Branch. (In Persian).
