Characterization of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Hybrids for Physiological Attributes and Grain Quality Traits under Heat Stress

الموضوعات :

Muhammad Yousaf ¹ (Maize and Millets Research Institute, Yusafwala, Sahiwal, Pakistan)
Khadim Hussain ² (Maize and Millets Research Institute (MMRI), Yusafwala, Sahiwal, Pakistan)
Shahid Hussain ³ (Maize and Millets Research Institute (MMRI), Yusafwala, Sahiwal, Pakistan)
Aamir Ghani ⁴ (Maize and Millets Research Institute (MMRI), Yusafwala, Sahiwal, Pakistan)
Muhammad Bhatti ⁵ (Maize and Millets Research Institute (MMRI), Yusafwala, Sahiwal, Pakistan)
Aamer Mumtaz ⁶ (Maize and Millets Research Institute (MMRI), Yusafwala, Sahiwal, Pakistan)
Muhammad Khalid ⁷ (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha)
Asrar Mehboob ⁸ (Maize and Millets Research Institute (MMRI), Yusafwala, Sahiwal, Pakistan.)
Ghulam Mumtaz ⁹ (Maize and Millets Research Institute (MMRI), Yusafwala, Sahiwal, Pakistan)
Muhammad Akram ¹⁰ (Maize and Millets Research Institute (MMRI), Yusafwala, Sahiwal, Pakistan)

تاريخ الإرسال : 12 الإثنين , جمادى الثانية, 1442 تاريخ التأكيد : 13 الأربعاء , ذو القعدة, 1442 تاريخ الإصدار : 02 الأربعاء , ذو القعدة, 1443

الکلمات المفتاحية: Protein, cluster, Climate Change, Photosynthesis, biplots,

ملخص المقالة :

Heat stress has become one of the major constraints in maize production worldwide. The current research was planned to define the heat stress-related characteristics of indigenous and exotic maize hybrids based on morpho-physiological and grain quality traits. The research was conducted at Maize & Millets Research Institute (MMRI), Yusafwala, Sahiwal during spring 2019. Hybrids were sown under two heat regimes: (i) optimal sowing and (ii) sowing under heat stress (late sowing). Hybrids differed significantly (P<0.05) in grain yield and related traits under both conditions. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation of grain yield with net photosynthetic rate (r = 0.393*), days to 50% anthesis (r = 0.437*) and days to 50% silking (r = 0.429*), and a negative association with ear leaf angle (r = −0.420*) under heat stress. Cluster analysis categorized maize hybrids into three clusters based on their mean performance under optimal and heat stress conditions. It further showed that indigenous hybrids (cluster 3), especially KSC-9663, YH-5519, YH-5482, YH-1898, and YH-5507, were more productive and heat tolerant than exotic hybrids i.e., MV-633, MV-600-4, Maxima, SHG-43, and MV-600-2 (cluster 1). Principal component analysis (PCA) and biplot graphs showed that the first five principal components contributed 72% of the total variability among genotypes and that the main sources of variation were days to 50% anthesis and silking, plant height, percentage of protein, and oil contents, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate.

المصادر:

Al-Naggar, A. M. M., M. M. Shafik, and R. Y. M. Musa. 2020. 'Genetic Diversity Based on Morphological Traits of 19 Maize Genotypes Using Principal Component Analysis and GT Biplot'. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 35(2): 68-85.

Bello, O.B., S. Y. Maliq, M. S. Afolabi and S. A. Ige. 2010. 'Correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and agronomic characters among open pollinated maize varieties and their F 1 hybrids in a diallel cross'. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(18): 2633-2639.

Ben-Asher, J., A. G. Y. Garcia and G. Hoogenboom. 2008. 'Effect of high temperature on photosynthesis and transpiration of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa) '. Photosynthetica, 46(4): 595-603.

Bhatti, M. H., M. I. Yousaf, M. Munir, M. N. Khan, D. Hussain, W. Akbar, M. A. Hafeez, S. A. Kohli, M. U. Khalid and M. Abdullah. 2020. 'Genetic variation and association among upland cotton genotypes under semi-arid conditions'. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 17(4): 693-699.

Cairns, J. E., J. Crossa, P. H. Zaidi, P. Grudloyma, C. Sanchez, J. L. Araus, S. Thaitad, D. Makumbi, C. Magorokosho, M. Bänziger, A. Menkir, S. Hearne and G.N. Atlin. 2013. 'Identification of drought, heat and combined drought and heat tolerant donors in maize'. Crop Science, 53(4): 1335-1346.

 Dass, S., I. Singh, G. K. Chikappa, C. M. Parihar, J. Kual, A. Singode, M. Singh and D.K. Singh. 2010. 'Abiotic stresses in maize: Some issues and solutions'. Directorate of Maize Research Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India.

Gepts, P. 2010. 'Crop domestication as a long-term selection experiment'. Plant Breeding Reviews, 24(2): 1-44.

Ghani, A., M. I. Yousaf, M. Arshad, K. Hussain, S. M.T. Hussain, A. Hussain and S. Rehman. 2017. 'YH-1898: A new high yielding, high temperature tolerant local yellow maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid'. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 14 (3): 441-449.

Iqbal, J., Z. K. Shinwari and M. A. Rabbani. 2015. 'Maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm agro- morphological characterization based on descriptive, cluster and principal component analysis'. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 47(SI): 255-264.

Khalid, M. U., N. Akhtar, M. Arshad and M. I. Yousaf. 2020. 'Characterization of maize inbred lines for grain yield and related traits under heat stress conditions'. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 17(2): 367-375.

Kugblenu, Y. O., E. D. Oppong, K. Ofori, M. N. Andersen, S. M. Abenney, E. Sabi, F. Plauborg, M. K. Abekoe, R. Ortiz and S. T. Jørgensen. 2013. 'Screening tomato genotypes in Ghana for adaptation to high temperature'. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil & Plant Science, 63(6): 516-522.

Kumar, S. N., P. K. Aggarwal, S. Rani, S. Jain, R. Saxena and N. Chauhan. 2011. 'Impact of climate change on crop productivity in Western Ghats, coastal and northeastern regions of India'. Current Science, 101(3): 332-341.

Kwon, S. H. and J. H. Torrie. 1964. 'Heritability of interrelationship among traits of two soybean population'. Crop Science, 4(2): 196-198.

Lambert, R. J., B. D. Mansfield and R. H. Mumm. 2014. 'Effect of leaf area on maize productivity'. Maydica, 59(1): 58-63.

Lobell, D. B., M. Bänziger, C. Magorokosho and B. Vivek. 2011. 'Nonlinear heat effects on African maize as evidenced by historical yield trials'. Nature Climate Change, 1(1): 42-45.

Macauley, H.  2015. 'Cereal Crops: Rice, Maize, Millet, Sorghum, Wheat'. Feeding Africa Conference 21-23 October 2015, Senegal.

Paran, I. and D. K. E. Van. 2007. 'Genetic and molecular regulation of fruit and plant domestication traits in tomato and pepper'. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58(14): 3841-3852.

Rezaei, E. E., H. Webber, T. Gaiser, J. Naab and F. Ewert. 2014. 'Heat stress in cereals: Mechanisms and modelling'. European Journal of Agronomy, 64: 98-113.

Saeed, M., A. Mumtaz, D. Hussain, M. Arshad, M. I. Yousaf and M. S. Ahmad. 2018. 'Multivariate analysis-based evaluation of maize genotypes under high temperature stress'." I3 Biodiversity, 1 (105): 1-12.

Sánchez, B., A. Rasmussen and J. R. Porter. 2014. 'Temperatures and the growth and development of maize and rice: a review'. Global Change Biology, 20: 408-417.

Shakoor, M. S., M. Akbar and A. Hussain. 2007. 'Correlation and path coefficients studies of some morpho-physiological traits in maize double crosses'. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 44(2): 213- 216.

Shaw, R. H. 1983. 'Estimates of yield reductions in corn caused by water and temperature stress'. In: C. D. Ruper and P. J. Kramer (eds.) Crop Relations to Water and Temperature Stress in Humid Temperate Climates. Westview Press, Boulder, CO, pp: 49-66.

Shehzad, A., M. I. Yousaf, A. Ghani, K. Hussain, S. Hussain and M. Arshad. 2019. 'Genetic analysis and combining ability studies for morpho-phenological and grain yield traits in spring maize (Zea Mays L.) '. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 16(4): 925-931.

Shrestha, J., D. B. Gurung and K. P. Dhital. 2014. 'Agronomic performance of maize under high temperature condition'. Journal of Innovative Biology, 1(3): 137-141.

Sneath, P. H. A. and R. R. Sokal. 1973. Numerical Taxonomy: The Principles and practice of numerical classification. Free-Man WF and Co, San Francisco, USA.

Steel, R. G. D., J. H. Torrie and D. A. Dickey. 1997. 'Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach', 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.

Tandzi, N. L. and C. S. Mutengwa. 2020. 'Estimation of maize (Zea mays L.) yield per harvest area: Appropriate methods'. Agronomy, 10(1): 1-19

Traore, S. B., E. R. Carlson, D. C. Pilcher and E. M. Rice. 2000. 'Bt and non Bt maize growth and development as affected by temperature and drought stress'. Agronomy Journal, 92(5): 1027-1035.

USDA. 2021. United State Department of Agriculture, World Agricultural Production. United State Department of Agriculture, Circular series, WAP 1‒21.

Van der Velde, M., G. Wriedt and F. A. Bouraoui. 2010. 'Estimating irrigation use and effects on maize yield during the 2003 heat wave in France'. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 135: 90-97.

Wahid, A., S. Gelani, M. Ashraf and M. R. Foolad. 2007. 'Heat tolerance in plants: an overview'. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 61(3): 199-223.

Yousaf, M. I., K. Hussain, S. Hussain, R. Shahzad, A. Ghani, M. Arshad, A. Mumtaz and N. Akhtar. 2017. 'Morphometric and phenological characterization of maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm under heat stress'. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 14(2): 271-278.

Yousaf, M. I., K. Hussain, S. Hussain, A. Ghani, M. Arshad, A. Mumtaz and R. A. Hameed. 2018. 'Characterization of indigenous and exotic maize hybrids for grain yield and quality traits under heat stress'. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 20(2): 333-337.

Yousaf, M. I., K. Hussain, S. Hussain, A. Ghani, A. Shehzad, A. Mumtaz, M. Arshad, A. Mehmood, M. U. Khalid, N. Akhtar and M. H. Bhatti. 2020. 'Seasonal influence, heat unit accumulation and heat use efficiency in relation to maize grain yield in Pakistan'. Maydica, 64(3): 1-9