Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improve plant growth, antioxidant capacity, and essential oil properties of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) under water stress
الموضوعات :
Mitra Mirzaei
1
(Department of Horticulture, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katool Branch, Aliabad, Iran)
Alireza Ladan Moghadam
2
(Department of Horticulture, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran)
Leila Hakimi
3
(Department of Horticulture, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran)
Elham Danaee
4
(Department of Horticulture, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Azotobacter, Antioxidant capacity, Pseudomonas, Essential oil, Lemongrass,
ملخص المقالة :
Among abiotic stresses, drought is considered as the most important growth limiting factor, especially in arid and semiarid regions. Drought impacts can be adjusted by soil microorganisms. Accordingly, the present study was organized in order to the increase the tolerance of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)to drought using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Treatments were water stress in four levels (100% field capacity (FC), 75% FC, 50% FC, and 25% FC) and inoculation by PGPR in three levels (uninoculated, inoculated with pseudomonas sp ., andinoculated with Azotobacter sp .). Water stress significantly decreased chlorophyll content.Compared to control, severe stress decreased Chlorophylle a+b by 36%. The maximum proline content was accumulated in plants under severe stress and PGPR application. Catalase (CAT) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) activities were increased by 77% and 71%, respectively under severe stress compared to the well-watered condition. The highest total phenol content (TPC) was obtained in the interaction of 50% FC and PGPR application. Moreover, 50% FC induced the maximum total flavonoid content (TFC) by 42% compared to 100% FC. Pseudomonas and Azotobacter increased the TFC by 6% and 18%, respectively in comparison with uninoculated plants. Essential oil (EO) content and yield were increased under 75% FC, and decreased under 50% and 25% FC. EO percentage in 75% FC and PGPR application was higher than other treatments. Under 75% FC, 14% increase in EO yield was reported for both Pseudomonas and Azotobacter application. To sum up, PGPR can improve the plant growth and EO properties by increasing antioxidant capacity of lemongrass.
Ahmad, A. and A. Viljoen. 2015. 'The in vitro antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon essential oil (lemon grass) and its interaction with silver ions'. Phytomedicine, 22(6): 657-665.
Ajayi, E. O., A. P. Sadimenko and A. J. Afolayan. 2016. 'GC–MS evaluation of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf oil obtained using modified hydro distillation and microwave extraction methods'. Food chemistry, 209: 262-266.
Ali, Q., A. Ali, M. Waseem, A. Muzaffar, S. Ahmad, S. Ali and H. Tayyab. 2014. 'Correlation analysis for morpho-physiological traits of maize (Zea mays L.)'. Life Science Journal, 11(12): 9-13.
Amiri, R., A. Nikbakht, M. Rahimmalek and H. Hosseini. 2017. 'Variation in the essential oil composition, antioxidant capacity, and physiological characteristics of Pelargonium graveolens L. inoculated with two species of mycorrhizal fungi under water deficit conditions'. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 36(2): 502-515.
Anderson, V. M., D. D. Archbold, R. L. Geneve, D. L. Ingram and K. L. Jacobsen. 2016.'Fertility source and drought stress effects on plant growth and essential oil production of Calendula officinalis'. HortScience, 51(4): 342-348.
Armada, E, A. Probanza, A. Roldán and R. Azcón. 2016. 'Native plant growth promoting bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis and mixed or individual mycorrhizal species improved drought tolerance and oxidative metabolism in Lavandula dentata plants'. Journal of plant physiology, 192: 1-12.
Arpanahi, A. A. and M. Feizian. 2019. 'Arbuscular mycorrhizae alleviate mild to moderate water stress and improve essential oil yield in thyme'. Rhizosphere, 9: 93-96.
Babarinde, A., K. Ogundipe, K. T. Sangosanya, B. D. Akintola, and A. O. Hassan. 2016. 'Comparative study on the biosorption of Pb (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) using Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus): kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics'. International Journal of New Chemistry, 2(8): 234-239.
Balakrishnan, B., S. Paramasivam and A. Arulkumar. 2014. 'Evaluation of the lemongrass plant (Cymbopogon citratus) extracted in different solvents for antioxidant and antibacterial activity against human pathogens'. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 4: S134-S139.
Banchio, E., G. Valladares, J. Zygadlo, P. C. Bogino, L. V. Rinaudi and W. Giordano. 2007.'Changes in composition of essential oils and volatile emissions of Minthostachys mollis, induced by leaf punctures of Liriomyza huidobrensis'. Biochemical systematics and ecology, 35(2): 68-74.
Banchio, E., P. C. Bogino, J. Zygadlo, and W. Giordano. 2008. 'Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria improve growth and essential oil yield in Origanum majorana L.' Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 36(10): 766-771.
Bergmeyer, H. U. 1970. 'Standardization of methods for estimation of enzyme activity in biological fluids'. Zeitschrift für Klinische Chemie und Klinische Biochemie. 8: 658-660.
Calvo-Polanco, M., B. Sánchez-Romera, R. Aroca, M. J. Asins, S. Declerck, I. C. Dodd and J. M. Ruiz-Lozano. 2016. 'Exploring the use of recombinant inbred lines in combination with beneficial microbial inoculants (AM fungus and PGPR) to improve drought stress tolerance in tomato'. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 131: 47-57.
Caravaca, F., M. J. Alguacil, P. Torres and A. Roldán.2005.'Plant type mediates rhizospheric microbial activities and soil aggregation in a semiarid Mediterranean salt marsh'. Geoderma, 124(3-4): 375-382.
Chen CN. and S. M. Pan. 1996. 'Assay of superoxide dismutase activity by combining electrophoresis and densitometry'. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica,
37: 107-111.
Choluj, D., R. Karwowska, R., Jasinska and G. Haber. 2004. 'Growth and dry matter partitioning in sugar beet plants (Beta vulgaris L.) under moderate drought'. Plant Soil and Environment. 50(6): 265-272.
del Rosario Cappellari, L., M. V. Santoro, A. Schmidt, J. Gershenzon and F. Banchio. 2019. 'Induction of essential oil production in Mentha x piperita by plant growth promoting bacteria was correlated with an increase in jasmonate and salicylate levels and a higher density of glandular trichomes'. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 34 (4): 345-352.
Flowers, T. J. and T. D. Colmer. 2008. 'Salinity tolerance in halophytes'. New Phytologist, 945-963.
Gusain, Y. S., U. S. Singh and A. K. Sharma. 2015. 'Bacterial mediated amelioration of drought stress in drought tolerant and susceptible cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.)'. African Journal of Biotechnology, 14(9): 764-773.
Hajiboland, R. and F. Farhanghi. 2010. 'Remobilization of boron, photosynthesis, phenolic metabolism and anti-oxidant defense capacity in boron-deficient turnip (Brassica rapa L.) plants'. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, 56(3): 427-437.
Heidari, M. and A. Golpayegani. 2012. 'Effects of water stress and inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on antioxidant status and photosynthetic pigments in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)'. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 11(1): 57-61.
Heinonen I. M., P. J. Lehtonen and A. I. Hopia. 1998. 'Antioxidant activity of berry and fruit wines and liquors'. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46(1): 25-31.
Hsiao, T. C., P. Steduto and E. Fereres. 2007. 'A systematic and quantitative approach to improve water use efficiency in agriculture'. Irrigation science, 25(3): 209-231.
Jha, Y. and R. B. Subramanian. 2016. 'Rhizobacteria enhance oil content and physiological status of Hyptis suaveolens under salinity stress'. Rhizosphere, 1: 33-35.
Kasim, W. A., M. E. Osman, M. N. Omar, I. A. A. El-Daim, S. Bejai and J. Meijer. 2013. 'Control of drought stress in wheat using plant-growth-promoting bacteria'. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 32(1): 122-130.
Lally, R. D., P. Galbally, A. S. Moreira, J. Spink, D. Ryan, K. J. Germaine and D. N. Dowling. 2017. 'Application of endophytic Pseudomonas fluorescens and a bacterial consortium to Brassica napus can increase plant height and biomass under greenhouse and field conditions'. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8: 2193.
Lermen, C., F. Morelli, Z. C. Gazim, A. P. da Silva, J. E. Gonçalves, D. C. Dragunski and O. Alberton. 2015. 'Essential oil content and chemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under different levels of lead'. Industrial Crops and Products, 76: 734-738.
Michalak, A. 2006. 'Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in plants growing under heavy metal stress'. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15(4): 34-353.
Nosheen, A., R. Naz, A. T. Tahir, H. Yasmin, R. Keyani, B. Mitrevski and I. Hussain. 2018. 'Improvement of safflower oil quality for biodiesel production by integrated application of PGPR under reduced amount of NP fertilizers'. PloS one, 13(8): e0201738.
Ordookhani, K., S. Sharafzadeh and M. Zare. 2011. 'Influence of PGPR on growth, essential oil and nutrients uptake of sweet basil'. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(4): 672-7.
Pagnani, G., M. Pellegrini, A. Galieni, S. D’Egidio, F. Matteucci, A. Ricci, and M. Del Gallo. 2018. 'Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Cannabis sativa ‘Finola’ cultivation: An alternative fertilization strategy to improve plant growth and quality characteristics'. Industrial Crops and Products, 123: 75-83.
Pirbalouti, A. G. Malekpoor F. Salimi and A. Golparvar. 2017. 'Exogenous application of chitosan on biochemical and physiological characteristics, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of two species of basil (Ocimum ciliatum and Ocimum basilicum) under reduced irrigation'. Scientia horticulturae, 217: 114-122.
Porcel, R., S. Redondo-Gómez, E. Mateos-Naranjo, R. Aroca, R. Garcia and J. M. Ruiz-Lozano. 2015. 'Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis ameliorates the optimum quantum yield of photosystem II and reduces non-photochemical quenching in rice plants subjected to salt stress'. Journal of plant physiology, 185: 75-83.
Prasad, R., M. Kumar and A. Varma. 2015.' Role of PGPR in soil fertility and plant health'. In Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and medicinal plants (pp. 247-260). Springer, Cham.
Rahdari, P. and S. M. Hoseini. 2012. 'Drought stress: a review'. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 3(10), 443-446.
Rahdari, P., S. Tavakoli, and S. M. Hosseini. 2012. 'Studying of salinity stress effect on germination, proline, sugar, protein, lipid and chlorophyll content in purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) leaves'. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 8(1): 182-193.
Sandhya, V. S. K. Z., S. Z. Ali, M. Grover, G. Reddy, and B. Venkateswarlu. 2010. 'Effect of plant growth promoting Pseudomonas spp. on compatible solutes, antioxidant status and plant growth of maize under drought stress'. Plant Growth Regulation, 62(1): 21-30.
Sangwan, V. S. and S. Basu. 2011. 'Antimicrobial properties of amniotic membrane. Br J Ophthalmol. 95(1):1-2.
Selvakumar N. and H. C. Barshilia. 2012. 'Review of physical vapor deposited (PVD) spectrally selective coatings for mid-and high-temperature solar thermal applications'. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 98: 1-23.
Singh, M., J. Kumar, S. Singh, V. P. Singh, and S. M. Prasad. 2015. 'Roles of osmoprotectants in improving salinity and drought tolerance in plants: a review'. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 14(3): 407-426.
Swamy, M. K., M. S. Akhtar and U. R. Sinniah. 2016. 'Response of PGPR and AM fungi toward growth and secondary metabolite production in medicinal and aromatic plants'. In Plant, soil and microbes (pp. 145-168). Springer, Cham.
Timmusk, S, and E. Nevo. 2011. 'Plant root associated biofilms: perspectives for natural product mining.' In Bacteria in agrobiology: plant nutrient management (pp. 285-300). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Ullah, U., M. Ashraf, S. M. Shahzad, A. R. Siddiqui, m. A. Piracha. and M. Suleman. 2016. 'Growth behavior of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under drought stress in the presence of silicon and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.' Soil & Environment, 35(1): 65-75.
|
|
Vaqar, H., S. Muhammad, S. Nusrat, D. Kamal and Q. Muhammad. 2007. 'Lemon grass: botany, ethnobotany and chemistry'. Pakistan Journal of Weed and Science, 13(1-2): 129-134.
Vosoughi, N., M. Gomarian, A. G. Pirbalouti, S. Khaghani and F. Malekpoor. 2018. 'Essential oil composition and total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) extract under chitosan application and irrigation frequencies'. Industrial Crops and Products, 117: 366-374.
Vurukonda, S. S. K. P., S. Vardharajula, M. Shrivastava and A. SkZ. 2016. 'Enhancement of drought stress tolerance in crops by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria'. Microbiological Research, 184: 13-24.
Warwate, S. I., U. K. Kandoliya, N. V. Bhadja and B. A. Golakiya. 2017. 'The Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on biochemical parameters of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seedling'. International Journal of Current Microbiology Applied Sciences, 6(3): 1935-1944.
Xiang N., K. S. Lawrence, J. W. Kloepper, P. A. Donald and J. A. McInroy. 2017. 'Biological control of Heterodera glycines by spore-forming plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on soybean'. PloS one, 12(7): e0181201.
Zhishen J., T. Mengcheng and W. Jianming. 1999. 'The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals'. Food chemistry, 64(4): 555-559.
