Skin Quality and Physical Properties of Leather Based on Sex, Age and Body Parts of Goats Reared on Sub-Humid Hill Country
الموضوعات :
م. صالحی
1
(Department of Animal by Product, Animal Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran)
ا. لواف
2
(Department of Animal Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran)
ط. فرهوش
3
(Department of Animal Science, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: age, sex, Leather, Physical characteristics, Skin,
ملخص المقالة :
To investigate the characteristics of skin and leather of hairy goats according to their sex and age, 120 goat skins were selected from the western part of Iran. Results indicated that sex and age had significant effects on weight and area of skin and leather. Moreover, sex and age had significant effects on thickness in different parts of skin except the belly. In this regard, the overall mean weight of skin and leather were 1074.8 ± 27.9g and 427.2 ± 25.9 g, respectively. High coefficients of variation (28.3 and 66.3 percent, respectively) were found in these traits. The ranges of skin and leather area were from 30 to 80 dm2 and 38 to 115 dm2, respectively. Parts of the body (shoulder, hip and ribs) and sample position (parallel and perpendicular) significantly affected the mean of breakage force, tensile strength and elongation of tested pieces. A wide range of breakage force, tensile strength and elongation 4.5-66.0 kgf, 63.4-558.3 kgf cm-2 and 22.0-141.3% were found in the goat leathers, respectively. The results of this study indicated that there are differences between quantitative and qualitative traits of skin and leather of different goats. To achieve better quality goat products, attention should be paid to differences in skin quality of different sexes and ages of goats.
Abdelsalam M.M. and Haider A.I. (1993). Physical and histological properties of sheep and goat skins. Alex J. Agric. Res. Egypt. 38, 117-138.
Adel R. and Elboushi Y. (1994). Poultry feed from waste. Pp. 154-156 in Hide and Tanning by Products. R., Adel and Y. Elboushi Eds. Chapman and Hall. London, UK.
Bal H.S. (1978). The skin Pp. 493-503 in Water Balance and Excertion. M. Orkin and R.M. Schwart Zmau Eds. Academic Press, New York.
BASF. (2010).Leather testing methods-Performance Chemicals Vademécum Para El Técnico en Curtición, BASF, Ludwigshafen. www.performance.
British Standards. (1984). Specification for Performance of Leather for Garment. BS 6453, BSI. London. UK.
Cloete S.W.P., Van Schalkwyk S.J., Hoffman L.C. and Meyer A. (2004). The effects of dietary energy and protein concentrations on ostrich skin quality. SouthAfricanJ. Anim.Sci. 36(1), 40-44.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2010). World statistical compendium for hides, skins, leather and leather footwear. Tropical and Horticultural Products Service, Commodities and Trade Division (ESC). FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy.
Gordon P.G. (1995). Australian woolskin - their value and processing. Wool. Technol. Sheep. Breed. Australia. 43, 120-135.
IOS. (2002a). International Organization for Standardization. Leather - chemical, physical, mechanical and fastness tests- Sampling location, ISO 2418, Geneva Switzerland.
IOS. (2002b). International Organization for Standardization. Leather-Physical and mechanical tests, Determination of thickness, ISO 2589, Geneva Switzerland.
IOS. (2002c). International Organization for Standardization. Leather-physical and mechanical tests, Determination of strength and percentage extension, ISO 3375, Geneva Switzerland.
IOS. (2006). International Organization for Standardization. Leather- Physical and mechanical tests- Sample preparation and conditioning, ISO 2419, Geneva Switzerland.
Mrai I.F.M. and Khalil A.B.A. (2000). Pre and post natal development of skin characteristics in the one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). Indian J. Anim. Sci. 70, 1210-1217.
Passman A. and Sumner R.M.W. (1987). Effects of breed and age at slaughter on leather produced from export lambs reared in hill country. New ZelandJ. Exp. Agric. 15, 309-316.
SAS Institution. (2002). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.2. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
Sivasubramaniana S., Murali Manoharb B. and Puvanakrishnana R. (2008). Mechanism of enzymatic dehairing of skins using a bacterial alkaline protease. Chemosphere. 70, 1015-1024.
Snyman M.A. and Jackson Moss C.A. (2000). A comparison of leather properties of skins from ten different South African sheep breeds. South African J. Anim. Sci. 20, 129-130.
Stosic P. (1994). Biological factors influencing the nature of goat skins and leather. Ph D. Thesis. University of Leic.
