Investigation of Differences in Biochemical and Mineral Composition of Urine between Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Crossbred Dairy Cattle

الموضوعات :

م.م. خان ¹ (Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India)
اس. پراساد ² (Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India)
اف.آ. خان ³ (Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India)
اچ.پ. گوپتا ⁴ (Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India)

تاريخ الإرسال : 04 الجمعة , ربيع الأول, 1436 تاريخ التأكيد : 24 الأحد , جمادى الأولى, 1436 تاريخ الإصدار : 19 الثلاثاء , صفر, 1437

الکلمات المفتاحية: pregnancy, mineral, dairy cattle, biochemical, urine,

ملخص المقالة :

Dairy farmers have been longing for simple and economical methods of early pregnancy diagnosis. Urine based biochemical and mineral assays could be one of those methods, owing to the ease of sample collection and relatively simple and economical assays involved. However, basic information on changes in urinary composition during early pregnancy in cattle is lacking. This study was designed to evaluate the differences in biochemical and mineral composition of urine between pregnant and non-pregnant dairy cattle. Urine samples were obtained from crossbred dairy cows, classified retrospectively as pregnant or non-pregnant (n=12 in each group), based on transrectal palpation and ultrasonography at 60 days post insemination, and assayed for glucose, total protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper. Sampling was done every 3 days beginning on the day of insemination (d 0) until d 27. Analysis of data on concentrations of the various variables between pregnant and non-pregnant cows indicated significant (P<0.05) differences in urinary concentrations of total protein, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and copper between the two groups at one or more of the sampling days. Moreover, within each group, there were significant differences in concentrations of the studied components across various days of the estrous cycle or pregnancy. Results of the present study indicate marked quantitative differences in biochemical and mineral composition of urine between pregnant and non-pregnant cattle. This information can serve as a basis for devising simple, easy-to-use and cost effective pregnancy diagnosis kits for use in dairy cattle.

المصادر:

Davison J.M. and Dunlop W. (1980). Renal hemodynamics and tubular function in normal human pregnancy. Kidney Int. 18, 152-161.

Davison J.M. (1974). Changes in renal function and other aspects of homeostasis in early pregnancy. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Cwlth. 81(12), 1003.

Diskin M.G. and Morris D.G. (2008). Embryonic and early foetal losses in cattle and other ruminants. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 43(2), 260-267.

Fricke P.M. and Lamb G.C. (2005). Potential applications and pitfalls of reproductive ultrasonography in bovine practice. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 21, 419-436.

Fricke P.M. (2002). Scanning the future-ultrasonography as a reproductive management tool for dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 85, 1918-1926.

Green J.A., Parks T.E., Avalle M.P., Telugu B.P., McLain A.L., Peterson A.J., McMillan W., Mathialagan N., Hook R.R., Xie S. and Roberts R.M. (2005). The establishment of an ELISA for the detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) in the serum of pregnant cows and heifers. Theriogenology. 63, 1481-1503.

Ibeh G., Onyeike E.N. and Isodikari A.G. (2006). Protein levels in urine of pregnant women in Rivers State, Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Mgt. 10(3), 171-173.

Jensen K.L., English B.C., Menard R.J. and Holland R.E. (2009). Livestock producers' views on accessing food-animal veterinary services: implications for student recruitment, training, and practice management. J. Vet. Med. Educ. 36, 30-38.

Kolmer J.A., Spaulding E.H. and Robinson H.W. (1951). Approved Laboratory Techniques. Appleton Century Craft, New York, USA.

Lind T. and Hytten F.E. (1972). The excretion of glucose during normal pregnancy. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Cwlth. 79, 961-965.

Lucy M., Green J. and Poock S. (2011). Pregnancy determination in cattle: a review of available alternatives. Pp. 367-376 in Proc. Appl. Reprod. Strategies Beef Cattle, Joplin, MO, USA.

Mozdzien G., Schinninger M. and Zazgornik J. (1995). Kidney function and electrolyte metabolism in healthy pregnant women. Wien. Med. Wochenschr. 145(1), 12-17.

Purohit G. (2010). Methods of pregnancy diagnosis in domestic animals: the current status. Web. Med. Central Reprod. 1(12), 1305.

Renschler H.E., Bach H.G. and Baeyer H. (1967). The urinary excretion of glucose in normal pregnancy. German Med. Monthly. 12, 24-26.

Ritchie L.D., Fung E.B., Halloran B.P., Turnlund J.R., Van Loan M.D., Cann C.E. and King J.C. (1998). A longitudinal study of calcium homeostasis during human pregnancy and lactation and after resumption of menses. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 67(4), 693-701.

Romano J.E., Thompson J.A., Forrest D.W., Westhusin M.E., Tomaszweski M.A. and KraemerD.C. (2006). Early pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography in dairy cattle. Theriogenology. 66(4), 1034-1041.

Salinas M., Martínez M.E., Catalán P., Sánchez Casas E., Herrero E. and Navarro P. (1987). Serum levels and urinary excretion of magnesium in pregnancy. Effect of milk intake. Arch. Latinoam. Nutr. 37(3), 444-453.

Santos J.E., Thatcher W.W., Chebel R.C., Cerri R.L. and Galvão K.N. (2004). The effect of embryonic death rates in cattle on the efficacy of estrus synchronization programs. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 83, 513-535.

SPSS Inc. (2007). Statistical Package for Social Sciences Study. SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0. Chicago SPSS Inc.

Stevenson J.S. (2005). Breeding strategies to optimize reproductive efficiency in dairy herds. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 21, 349-365.

Vierboom M.M., Engle T.E., Siciliano P.D. and Kimberling C.V. (2002). Effects of gestational status on apparent absorption and retention of copper and zinc in cows and ewes. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 53, 519–522.

Willis E.L., Kersey D.C., Durrant B.S. and Kouba A.J. (2011). The acute phase protein ceruloplasmin as a non-invasive marker of pseudopregnancy, pregnancy and pregnancy loss in the giant panda. PLoS One. 6(7), 21159.