The New Progresses in Zn Requirements of Poultry
الموضوعات :
ب. نوید شاد
1
(
Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
)
س. جباری
2
(
Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
)
ف. میرزایی آقجه قشلاق
3
(
Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: poultry, Zinc, dietary requirements, NRC,
ملخص المقالة :
There were no considerable up to date on the trace element requirements of commercial poultry in recent years in despite of the progress in their performance traits. One of the more prevalent problems in modern broiler production system which could be attributed to the trace mineral inadequacy is skeletal disorders. Zinc, is an essential trace element which acts as a co-factor in several metaloenzymes and plays an important role in different metabolic pathways. Zinc deficiency in poultry affect the protein and carbohydrate metabolism and have negative effects on feed intake, growth rate, feed conversion ratio and also is associated with immunological, reproductive, skeletal and skin disorders. The commercial poultry producers often use a considerablesafety margin for trace minerals including Zn in feed formulation, which will resulted in trace mineral excretion into environment. There are differences in the recommended dietary Zn requirement between commercial strains of broiler chickens and all of them are differ from NRC (1994) recommendations.
Ammerman B., Baker D.H. and Austin J.L. (1995). Bioavailability of Nutrients for Animals: Amino Acids, Minerals and Vitamins. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
Ao T., Pierce J.L., Pescatore A.J., Cantor A.H., Dawson K.A., Ford M.J. and Shafer B.L.) 2007(. Effects of organic zinc and phytase supplementation in a maize-soybean meal diet on the performance and tissue zinc content of broiler chicks. Br. Poult. Sci. 48, 690-695.
Bao Y.M., Choct M., Iji P.A. and Bruerton K. (2009). Optimal Dietary inclusion of organically complexed zinc for broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 50, 95-102.
Batal A.B., Parr T.M. and Baker D.H. (2001). Zinc bioavailability in tetrabasic zinc chloride and the dietary zinc requirement of young chicks fed a soy concentrate diet. Poult. Sci. 80, 87-90.
BremnerI. and Beattie J.H. (1995). Copper and zinc metabolism in health and disease: speciation and interactions. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 54, 489-99.
Dewar W.A., Wight P.A.L., Pearson R.A. and Gentle M.J. (1983). Toxic effects of high concentrations of zinc oxide in the diet of the chick and laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 24, 397-404.
Ebrahimnezhad Y., Gheiasi J., Maheri Sis N., Mohammadi Khah M. and Ahmadi F. (2013). Influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth performance, carcass quality and growth index of immune organs of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 92, 98-107.
El-Samee L.D.A., El-WardanyI., Ali N.G. and Abo-El-Azab O.M. (2012). Egg quality, fertility and hatchability of laying quails fed diets supplemented with organic zinc, chromium yeast or mannan oligosaccharides. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 11, 221-224.
El-Wahab A.A., Radko D. and Kamphues J. (2013). High dietary levels of biotin and zinc to improve health of foot pads in broilers exposed experimentally to litter with critical moisture content. Poult. Sci. 92, 1774-1782.
Fosmire G.J. (1990). Zinc toxicity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 51, 225-227.
Gerzilov V., Bozakova N. and Petrov P. (2015). Influence of dietary zinc and vitamin C supplementation on some blood biochemical parameters and egg production in free-range laying hens. J. Central European. Agric. 16, 208-218.
Huang Y.L., Lu L., Li S.F., Luo X.G. and Liu B. (2009). Relative bioavailabilities of organic zinc sources with different chelation strengths for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet. J. Anim. Sci. 87, 2038-2046.
Kim K.W. and Patterson P.H. (2005). Effects of dietary zinc supplementation on hen performance, ammonia volatilization and nitrogen retention in manure. J. Environ. Sci. Health B. 40, 675-686.
Kucuk O. (2008). Zinc in a combination with magnesium helps reducing negative effects of heat stress in quails. Biol. Trace. Elem. Res. 123, 144-153.
Kucuk O., Sahin N. and Sahin K. (2003). Supplemental zinc and vitamin A can alleviate negative effects of heat stress in broiler chickens. Biol. Trace. Elem. Res. 94, 225-235.
Lin H., Jiao H.C., Buyse J. and Decuypere E. (2006). Strategies for preventing heat stress in poultry. World's. Poult. Sci. J. 62, 71-86.
Lina T., Zhu F., Ren H., Jiang J.Y. and Li W. (2009). Effects of nano-zinc oxide on antioxidant function in broilers. Chinese J. Anim. Nut. 21, 534-539.
Nollet L., Huyghebaert G. and Spring P. (2008). Effect of different levels of dietary organic (bioplex) trace minerals on live performance of broiler chickens by growth phases. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 17, 109-115.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Rev. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.
O’Dell B.L. and Savage J.E. (1957). Symptoms of zinc deficiency in the chick. Proc. Fed. Soc. 16, 394-402.
Oestreicher P. and Cousins R.J. (1985). Copper and zinc absorption in the rat: mechanism of mutual antagonism. J. Nutr. 115, 159-166.
Ognik K., Stępniowska A., Cholewińska E. and Kozłowski K. (2016). The effect of administration of copper nanoparticles to chickens in drinking water on estimated intestinal absorption of iron, zinc and calcium. Poult. Sci. 57(8), 1207-1213.
Park S.Y., Birkhold S.G., Kubena L.F., Nisbet D.J. and RickeS.C. (2004). Review on the role of dietary zinc in poultry nutrition, immunity, and reproduction. Biol. Trace. Elem. Res. 101, 147-163.
Rao S.V., Prakash B., Raju M.V., Panda A.K., Kumari R.K. and Reddy E.P. (2016). Effect of supplementing organic forms of zinc, selenium and chromium on performance, anti-oxidant and imune responses in broiler chicken reared in tropical summer. Biol. Trace. Elem. Res. 172(2), 511-520.
Refaie A.M. and Eisa W.H. (2014). A new approach of zinc supplementation in broiler diets: effect on performance and lipid metabolism under summer season conditions. Pp. 51-54 in Proc. 4th Poult. Summit-Beirut, Lebanon, Middle East.
Roberson R. and Schaible P.J. (1958). The zinc requirement of the chick. Poult. Sci. 37, 1321-1323.
Rosatgno H.S., Albino L.F.T., Donzele J.L. Gomes P.C., Oliveira R.F., Lopes D.C., Ferreira A.S. and Barreto S.L.T. (2011). Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine: Composition of Feedtuffs and Nutritional Requirements. Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
Saenmahayak B., Singh M., Bilgili S.F. and Hess J.B. (2012). Influence of dietary supplementation with complexed zinc on meat quality and shelf life of broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 11, 28-32.
Saenmahayak B., Bilgili S.F., Hess J.B. and Singh M. (2010). Live and processing performance of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with complexed zinc. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 19, 334-340.
Sahin N., Onderci M. and Sahin K. (2002). Effects of dietary chromium and zinc on egg production, egg quality, and some blood metabolites of laying hens reared under low ambient temperature. Biol. Trace. Elem. Res. 85, 47-58.
Salim H.M., Jo C. and Lee B.D. (2008). Zinc in broiler feeding and nutrition. Avian Biol. Res. 1, 5-18.
Sandoval M., Henry P.R., Ammerman C.B., Miles R.D. and Littell R.C. (1997). Relative bioavailability of supplemental inorganic zinc sources for chicks. J. Anim. Sci. 75, 3195-3205.
Shanmugam M., Prakash B. and Panda A.K. (2014). Effect of dietary organic zinc supplementation on semen quality in Dahlem red roosters. Pp. 234-239 in Proc. Glob. Anim. Nutr. Conf.Bengaluru, India.
Soni N., Mishra S.K., Swain R., Das A., Chichilichi B. and Sethy K. (2013). Bioavailability and immunity response in broiler breeders on organically complexed zinc supplementation. Food Nutr. Sci. 4, 1293-1300.
Underwood E.J. and Suttle N.F. (1999). The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock. CABI Publishing, New York.
Yang X.J., Sun X.X., Li C.Y., Wu X.H. and Yao J.H. (2011). Effects of copper, iron, zinc, and manganese supplementation in a corn and soybean meal diet on the growth performance, meat quality, and immune responses of broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 20, 263-271.
Yang W.L., Chen Y.P., Cheng Y.F., Li X.H., Zhang R.Q., Wen C. and Zhou Y.M. (2016). An evaluation of zinc bearing palygorskite inclusion on the growth performance, mineral content, meat quality, and antioxidant status of broilers. Poult. Sci. 95, 878-885.
Yardibi H. and Turkay G. (2008). The effects of vitamin E on the antioxidant system, egg production and egg quality in heat stressed laying hens. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 32, 319-325.
Zaghari M., Avazkhanllo M. and Ganjkhanlou M. (2105). Reevaluation of male broiler zinc requirement by dose-response trial using practical diet with added exogenous phytase. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 17, 333-343.
Zhang B., Shao Y., Liu D., Yin P., Guo Y. and Yuan J. (2012). Zinc prevents Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-induced loss of intestinal mucosal barrier function in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol.241, 361-367.
Zhao J., Shirley R.B., Dibner J.J., Wedekind K.J., Yan F., Fisher P., Hampton T.R, Evans J.L. and Vazquez-Añon M. (2016). Superior growth performance in broiler chicks fed chelated compared to inorganic zinc in presence of elevated dietary copper. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 7, 13-21.
