Plasma Levels of Anabolic Hormones in Suckling Lambs are Affected by Late Gestational Nutrition
الموضوعات :
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Sheep, IGF-I, insulin, Leptin, nutrient restriction,
ملخص المقالة :
In this study, the effects of late gestational undernutrition (LGU) on plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), leptin, insulin and glucose in subsequent sucking lambs was investigated. Ten twin-bearing ewes were fed either restrictedly (Restricted) or adequately (Control) during the last six weeks of gestation and were fed ad libitum after parturition. Blood samples were taken from subsequent suckling lambs at birth day, 7, 17 and 35 days of age. The average growth rate of restricted lambs was significantly lower than control lambs (292±21 vs. 216±19 g/d) during first two weeks of suckling period. Lambs in both groups were hypoglycemic (2.5±0.2 mmol/L) and had lowest level of leptin (0.6±0.08 ng/mL) at birth. Plasma glucose and leptin increased sharply by 7 days of age to 5.9 ± 0.2 mmol/L and to 0.6±0.08 ng/mL respectively. Late gestational undernutrition reduced plasma glucose in restricted (3.1±0.2 mmol/L) at birth but not in control lambs (2.1±0.3 mmol/L). Plasma insulin was the highest at 7 days of age (0.9±0.08 ng/mL). Restricted lambs had highly significant lower insulin values (0.6±0.1 vs. 1.3±0.1 ng/mL) and significantly higher ratio of glucose/insulin than control lambs. Insulin-like growth factor I values at birth was not affected by LGU. However, during suckling period restricted lambs had lower IGF-I than control lambs. In conclusion, LGU decreased insulin plasma concentration, changed the ratio of glucose to insulin, and decreased the concentration of IGF-I in subsequent offspring. Results also confirm the finding that circulating glucose rather than insulin is a determinant of leptin secretion in suckling lambs.
Blache D., Tellam R.L., Chagas L.M., Blackberry M.A., Vercoe P.E. and Martin G.B. (2000). Level of nutrition affects leptin concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in sheep. J. Endocrinol. 165, 625-637.
Breier B.H., Gallaher B.W. and Gluckman P.D. (1991). Radioimmunoassay for insulin-like growth factor-I: solutions to some potential problems and pitfalls. J. Endocrinol. 128, 347-357.
Breier B.H., Gluckman P.D. and Bass J.J. (1988). Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin in the infant calf: ontogeny and influence of altered nutrition. J. Endocrinol. 119, 43-50.
Cetin I., Radaelli T., Taricco E., Giovannini N., Alvino G. and Pardi G. (2001). The endocrine and metabolic profile of the growth-retarded fetus. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 14(6), 1497-1505.
Fowden A.L. (2003). The insulin-like growth factors and feto-placental growth. Placenta. 24, 803-812.
Fowden A.L. and Forhead A.J. (2004). Endocrine mechanisms of intrauterine programming. Reproduction. 127, 515-526.
Fowden A.L., Giussani D.A. and Forhead A.J. (2006). Intrauterine programming of physiological systems: causes and consequences. Physiology. 21, 29-37.
Gardner D.S., Tingey K., Van Bon B.W., Ozanne S.E., Wilson V., Dandrea J., Keisler D.H., Stephenson T. and Symonds M.E. (2005). Programming of glucose-insulin metabolism in adult sheep after maternal undernutrition. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integ. Comp. Physiol. 289, R947-R954.
Gicquel C. and Le B.Y. (2006). Hormonal regulation of fetal growth. Horm. Res. 65(3), 28-33.
Girard J. (1990). Metabolic adaptations to change of nutrition at birth. Biol. Neonate. 58(1), 3-15.
Gluckman P.D. (1995). Clinical review 68: the endocrine regulation of fetal growth in late gestation: the role of insulin-like growth factors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80, 1047-1050.
Husted S.M., Nielsen M.O., Tygesen M.P., Kiani A., Blache D. and Ingvartsen K.L. (2007). Programming of intermediate metabolism in young lambs affected by late gestational maternal undernourishment. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 293, 548-557.
Ingvartsen K.L., Munksgaard L., Nielsen V.K.M. and Pedersen L.J. (1999). Responses to repeated deprivation of lying down on feed intake, performance and blood hormone concentration in growing bulls. Acta Agic. Scand. Section. Anim. Sci. 49, 260-265.
Kiani A., Nielsen M.O. and Chwalibog A. (2011a). Late gestational undernutrition alters plasma IGF1 concentration during subsequent lactation in ewe. Agric. Consp. Scientif. 76, 361-364.
Kiani A., Nielsen M.O., Tauson A.H., Tygesen M.P., Husted S.M. and Chwalibog A. (2011b). Long-term effects of foetal undernutrition on intermediary metabolism in growing lambs. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 65, 46-54.
Li J., Gilmour R.S., Saunders J.C., Dauncey M.J. and Fowden A.L. (1999). Activation of the adult mode of ovine growth hormone receptor gene expression by cortisol during late fetal development. FASEB J. 13, 545-552.
Littell R.C., Pendergast J. and Natarajan R. (2000). Tutorial in biostatistics: modelling covariance structure in the analysis of repeated measures data. Stat. Med. 19, 1793-1819.
Long N.M., Ford S.P. and Nathanielsz P.W. (2011). Maternal obesity eliminates the neonatal lamb plasma leptin peak. J. Physiol. 589, 1455-1562.
Matsuda J., Yokota I., Iida M., Murakami T., Yamada M., Saijo T., Naito E., Ito M., Shima K. and Kuroda Y. (1999). Dynamic changes in serum leptin concentrations during the fetal and neonatal periods. Pediatr. Res. 45, 71-75.
Mostyn A., Keisler D.H., Webb R., Stephenson T. and Symonds M.E. (2001). The role of leptin in the transition from fetus to neonate. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 60, 187-194.
Muhlhausler B.S., Roberts C.T., McFarlane J.R., Kauter K.G. and McMillen I.C. (2002). Fetal leptin is a signal of fat mass independent of maternal nutrition in ewes fed at or above maintenance energy requirements. Biol. Reprod. 67, 493-499.
NRC. (1985). Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. 6th. Ed. National Academic Press, Washington, DC.
Tokuda T. (2003). Plasma leptin concentration in pre- and post-weaning lambs. Anim. Sci. 76, 221-227.
