Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Two Varieties of Guinea Corn and Millets as Replacement for Maize
الموضوعات :
E.D. Bulus
1
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
)
E.A. Ibe
2
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
)
S.T. Yakubu
3
(
School of Agric Technology, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Samaru Kataf, Kaduna State, Nigeria
)
I. Samuel
4
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
)
O.J. Makinde
5
(
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: growth performance, broiler chickens, finger millet, guinea corn, maize replacement diets, pearl millet,
ملخص المقالة :
The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of complete replacement of maize with two varieties of guinea corn and two varieties of millets on the growth performance and nutrient retention in broiler chickens. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets for the broiler starter (23.5% CP; 2800 kcal/ME) and finisher (21.5% CP; 2900 kcal/ME) phases were formulated. Diet 1 consisted on a maize based diet and it served as the control while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were white guinea corn, yellow guinea corn, pearl millet and finger millet based diets, respectively. A total of 225 day old Marshal broiler chickens were randomly assigned to the five experimental diets. Each treatment consisted of 45 birds and 3 replicates of 15 birds each in a completely randomized design. Final body weight (BW) and daily body weight gain (BWG) were higher (P<0.05) in birds fed pearl and finger millet diets at the starter and finisher phases. Pearlmillet based diet recorded the best (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the lowest (P<0.05) feed cost per unit of BWG. Feed intake (FI) at the starter phase was higher in birds fed yellow guinea corn diet than in those fed maize diet. Birds fed white guinea corn diet showed the lowest (P<0.05) BW, BWG, FI and FCR at the finisher phase. To conclude, complete replacement of maize with millets or with yellow guinea corn in broilers diet did not impair FI, BW, FCR and nutrient retention.
Abubakar M., Doma U.D., Kalla D.J.U., Ngele M.B. and Augustine C.L.D. (2006). Effects of dietary replacement of maize with malted and unmalted sorghum on performance of weaner rabbits. Livest. Res. Rural. Dev. 18(5).
Adejinmi O.O., Hamazat R.A. and Fapohunda J.B. (2007). Performance and nutrient digestibility of rabbits.Nigerian J. Anim. Prod. 34(1), 63-68.
Adeola O. (2006).Aminoacid digestibility of corn, pearl millet and sorghum for white Pekin ducks, Anas Platyrinchos domesticus.J. Poult. Sci. 43, 357-346.
Aderolu A.Z., Iyayi E.A. and Onilude A.A. (2007). Performance, organ relative weight, serum and haematology parameters in broiler finisher fed biodegraded brewers dried grain. Pakistan J. Nutr. 6, 204-208.
Aduku A.O. (1992). Practical Livestock Feeds Production in the Tropics. S. Asekume and Co., Publishers. Samaru-Zaria, Nigeria.
Aduku A.O. (2004). Animal Nutrition in the Tropics. Feeds and Feeding, Pasture Management, Monogastric and Ruminant Nutrition. Davcon computers and business burea. Samaru-Zaria, Nigeria.
Agbede J.O., Ajaja K.E. and Aletor V.A. (2002). Influence of roxazyme G supplementation on the utilization of sorghum dust-based diets for broiler-chicks. Pp. 105-108 in Proc. 27th Ann. Conf., Nig. Soc. Anim. Prod., Akure.
Andrews D.J. and Kumar K.A. (1992). Pearl millet for food, feed and forage. Adv.Agron. 48, 89-139.
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
Cao H., Hancock J.D., Hines R.H., Behnke K.C., Park J.S., Senne B.W., Jiang J.M., Froetschner J.R. and Sorrell P. (1998). Effects of sorghum endosperm hardness and processing on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in pigs and broiler chickens. Kansas State University Swine Day 1998, Report of Progress 819, Kansas, USA.
Conolly A. (2012). Seminar presentation on “pushing the boundaries performance and profitability”. Poultry International Magazine, Mark Clement. Available at: www.WATTAgNet.com. Accessed Jan. 2012.
Davis A.J., Dale N.M. and Rerreira F.J. (2003). Pearl millet as an alternative feed in broiler chickens diets. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 12, 137-144.
Dawfang I.I. and Shwarmen E.B.N. (1996). Utilisation of rice offal in practical rations for broiler chicks. Nigerian J. Anim. Prod. 23(1), 21-23.
Dawfang I.I. (2006). Meat, eggs and milk from farm waste: exploration in animal nutrition research and extension. NAERLS Department Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria.
Defang H.F, Teguia J., Awah N.A., Kenfack F.N. and Metuga F. (2008). Performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed boiled cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and or black common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) meal diets. African J. Biol. Technol. 7, 1351-1356.
D’Mello J.P.F. and Devendra C. (1995). Tropical Legumes in Animal Nutrition. CAB International. Wallingford.
Hoseney R.C., Andrews D.J. and Clark H. (1987). Sorghum and pearl millet. Pp. 397-456 in Nutritional Quality of Cereal Grains: Genetic and Agronomic Improvement. R.A. Olson and K.J. Frey, Eds. Agron. Monog. 28. ASA, Madison, WI.
Ibitoye E.B., Olorede B.R., Jimoh A.A. and Abubakar H. (2012). Comparative performance and organ relative weight of broiler chickens fed three sources of energy diet. J. Anim. Prod. 2(5), 233-238.
Jambunathan R. and Subramanian V. (1988). Grain quality and utilization in sorghum and pearl millet. Pp. 1330-1339 in Proc. Workshop. Biotechnol. Trop. Crop Improv. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India.
Luis E.S. (1980). Nutrient composition and feeding value of millets, sorghum grains and corn in poultry diets. Ph D. Thesis. University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
Nagra S.S., Chawla J.S. and Phaul P.S. (1990). Effect of feeding sorghum on growth performance of broilers. Indian J. Poult. Sci. 25, 138-144.
Nworgu F.C., Adebowale E.A., Oredien O.A. and Oni A. (1999). Prospects and economics of broiler chicken production using two plant protein sources. Trop. J. Anim. Sci. 2, 159-166.
Oboh S.O. (1986). Biochemical composition and utilization of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in ruminant rations. Ph D. Thesis. University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Oke O.L. (1969). Oxalic acid in plants and in nutrition. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 10, 263-303.
Olomu J.M. (1995). Monogastric Animal Nutrition, Principles and Practice. Jackem Publications, Benin City, Nigeria.
Oluyemi J.A. and Robert F.A. (2000). Poultry Production in Warm Wet Climate. Spectrum books Ltd.SpectrumHouse Ring road, Ibadan. Nigeria.
Onu P.N. and Madubuike F.N. (2007). Effects of raw and cooked wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) on the performance of broiler chicks. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 39, 268-273
Rama Rao S.V., Shyamsunder A.K., Reddy M.R., Raju M.V. and Praharaj N.K. (2002). Utilization of different millets replacing maize in coloured broiler chicken diet. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 19, 353-358.
Reza J. and Edriss M.A. (1997). Effects of dietary sorghum of different tannin concentration and tallow supplementation on the performance of broiler chicks. Br. Poult. Sci. 38, 512-519.
Rooney L.W. and McDonough C.M. (1987). Food quality and consumer acceptance in pearl millet. Pp. 43-61 in Proc. Int pearl millet workshop. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India.
Rooney L.W. (1990).Processing methods to improve nutritional value of sorghum for livestock. Pp 206-210 in Proc. Int. Conf., Sorghum Nutr. Qual. West Lafayette. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
Serna Saldivar S.O., McDonough C.M. and Rooney L.W. (1990). The millets Pp. 271-300 in Handbook of cereal science technology. K.J. Lorenz and K. Kulp Eds. Markel Dekker, New York.
Sullivan T.W., Douglas J.H., Andrews D.J., Bowland P.L., Hancock J.D., Bramel-Cox P.J., Stegmeier W.D. and Brethour J.R. (1990). Nutritional value of pearl millet for food and feed. Pp 83-94 in Proc. Int. Conf., Sorghum Nutr. Qual. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
Tackie A.M. and Flenscher J.E. (1995). Nutrient value of wild sorghum fortified with (Leucana leucocepphala). Bulletin. Anim. Africa. 47, 223-375.
Tyagi P.K., Elangovan A.V., Mandal A.B., Pramod K., Tyagi S.K. and Johri A.K. (2003). Effects of feeding low tannin sorghum grain to broiler chickens. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 20, 322-326.
