Effect of Antibiotic, Probiotic and Prebiotic in Diets Containing Barley on Performance, Digestibility, Intestinal Morphology, Blood Parameters and Immunological Response in Broilers
الموضوعات :
م. مهرآبادی
1
(Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
ر. جمشیدی
2
(Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: performance, barley, Broiler, Probiotic, Prebiotic,
ملخص المقالة :
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of replacing corn by 20% barley supplementedwith probiotic, prebiotic and antibiotic on performance, immune response, intestinal morphology, carcass development and nutrient digestibility of broilers. Four hundred Ross 308 one day-old broiler chicks were assigned randomly to 5 dietary treatments and were tested for 42 days in a completely randomized design. Six replicates were allotted to each treatment. Experimental dietary treatments included were: T1) diet based on corn and soybean meal (corn control), T2) 20% barley as s replacement for corn without any feed additive and T3, T4 and T5) 20% barley as a replacement for corn with 0.25 g/kg probiotic GalliPro, 1 g/kg prebiotic Fermacto and 15 mg/kg virginiamycin, respectively. There was significant difference within treatments at 42 days of age, where antibiotic treatment had a higher body weight gain than the others. The feed conversion ratio was the lowest in the antibiotic group and was the highest in T2. The use of feed barley with enzymes had considerable effect on the intestinal villi and the villus length was significantly reduced. There was no significant difference in apparent digestibility of nutrients between broiler chicks fed diets with barley or corn. Therefore apparent digestibility of nutrient data showed feed additive in barley-based diet treatments due to improve digestibility in compared to corn treatment. Relative body weight of carcass, breast, tight, liver and abdominal fat and intestinal length at 42 days were recorded. The result indicated that carcass components were not significantly affected by any treatments. The results showed that feeding barley diets with this additives could be a good alternative for corn-based diet.
Abudabos A.M., Alyemni A.H., Dafalla Y.M. and Al-Owaimer A.N. (2017). Effect of organic acid blend and Bacillus subtilis alone or in combination on growth traits, blood biochem-ical and antioxidant status in broiler exposed to clostrid-ium perfringens challenge during the finisher phase. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 27, 1101-1107.
Ahmed S.T., Islam M., Mun H.S., Sim H.J., Kim Y.J. and Yang C.J. (2014). Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a probiotic strain on growth performance, cecal microflora, and fecal noxious gas emissions of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 9, 1963-1971.
Allahdo P., Ghodraty J. and Zarghi H. (2018). Effect of probiotic and vinegar on growth performance, meat yields, immune responses, and small intestine morphology of broiler chickens. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 17(3), 675-685.
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Arena M.P., Caggianiello G., Fiocco D., Russo P., Torelli M., Spano G. and Capozzi V. (2014). Barley β-glucans-containing food enhances probiotic performances of beneficial bacteria. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 15(2), 3025-3039.
Bal A.P., Ouyang Q., Zhang W., Wang C.H. and Li S.F. (2004). Probiotics inhibit TNF-a-induced interleukin-8-secreation of HT29 cells. World J. Gastroenterol. 10, 455-457.
Bernes A., Smit M., Guenter W. and Marquardt R.R. (1993). Effect of enzyme supplementation on the performance and digestive tract size of broiler chickens fed wheat and barley- based diet. Poult. Sci. 72, 1731-1739.
Cengiz Ö., Köksal B.H., Tatlı O., Sevim O., Ahsan U. and Üner A.G. (2015). Effect of dietary probiotic and high stocking density on the performance, carcass yield, gut microflora, and stress indicators of broilers. Poul. Sci. 94, 2395-2403.
Combs G.F. and Brossard E.H. (1963). Comparison of growth response of chicks to virginiamycin and other antibiotics. Poult. Sci. 42, 681-685.
Dallout R.A., Lillehoj H.S., Shellem T.A. and Doerr J.A. (2003). Enhanced mucosal immunity against Eimeria acervulina in broilers fed a Lactobacillus -based probiotic. Poult. Sci. 82, 62-66.
Denli M., Okan F. and Celic K. (2003). Effect of dietary probiotic, organic acid and antibiotic supplementation to diets on broiler performance and carcass yield. Pakistan J. Nutr. 2, 89-91.
Eftekhari A., Rezaeipour V. and Abdullahpour R. (2015). Effects of acidified drinking water on performance, carcass, immune response, jejunum morphology, and microbiota activity of broiler chickens fed diets containing graded levels of threonine. Livest. Sci. 180, 158-163.
Esteve-Garcia E., Brufau J., Pérez-Vendrell A., Miquel A. and Duven K. (1997). Bioefficacy of enzyme preparations containing β-glucanase and xylanase activities in broiler diets based on barley or wheat, in combination with flavomycin. Poult. Sci. 76, 1728-1737.
Farhoomand P. and Dadvend A. (2007). Carcass weight, growth performance and intestinal organs size of broilers fed graded levels of Saccharomycese cervicia supplementation diets. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 10(11), 1870-1874.
Garcia V., Catala Gregori P., Hernandez F., Megias M.D. and Madrid J. (2007). Effect of formic acid and plant extracts on growth, nutrient digestibility, intestine mucosa morphology, and meat yield of broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 16, 555-562.
Goldin B.R. (1998). Health benefits of probiotics. Br. J. Nutr. 80, 203-207.
Grimes J.L., Maurice D.V., Lightsey S.F. and Lopez G.H. (1997). The effect of dietary fermato on layer hen performance. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 6, 399-403.
Hashemi S.R., Loh T.C., Foo H.L. and Zulkifli M. (2014). Intestinal histomorphology changes and serum biochemistry responses of broiler chickens fed herbal plant (Euphorbia hirta) and mix of acidifier. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 4, 95-103.
Haque M.N., Islam K.M., Akbar M.A., Chowdhury R., Khatun M., Karim M.R. and Kemppainen B.W. (2010). Effect of dietary citric acid, flavomycin and their combination on the performance, tibia ash and immune status of broiler. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 90, 57-63.
Hooda S., Metzler-Zebeli B.U., Vasanthan T. and Zijlstra R.T. (2011). Effects of viscosity and fermentability of dietary fibre on nutrient digestibility and digesta characteristics in ileal-cannulated grower pigs. Br. J. Nutr. 106, 664-674.
Hou Q.L. and Gao Q.S. (2001). Chitosan and Medicine. Shanghai Science Technology Press, Shanghai, China. Immunology. 12(12), 1387-1392.
Huang M.K., Choi Y.G., Houde R., Lee J.W., Lee B. and Zhao X. (2004). Effects of Lactobacilli and Acidophilic fungus on the production performance and immune responses in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 83, 788-795.
Huang R.L., Yin Y.L., Wu G.Y., Zhang T.J., Li L.L., Li M.X., Tang Z.R., Zhang J., Wang B., He J.H. and Nie X.Z. (2005). Effect of dietary oligochitosan supplementation on ileal nutrient digestibility and performance in broilers. Poult. Sci. 84, 1383-1388.
Humphrey B.D., Koutsos E.A. and Klasing K.C. (2002). Requirements and priorities of the immune system for nutrients. Pp. 69-77 inBiotechnology in the Feed and Food Industry. K.A. Jacques and T.P. Lyons, Eds. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Jacob J.P. and Pescatore A.G. (2012). Using barley in poultry diets: A review. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 21, 915-940.
Khaksefidi A. and Rahimi S. (2005). Effect of probiotic inclusion in the diet of broiler chickens on performance, feed efficiency and carcass quality. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 18, 1153-1156.
Khan S.H. and Iqbal J. (2016). Recent advances in the role of organic acids in poultry nutrition. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 44, 359-369.
Kuttappan V.A., Huff G.R., Huff W.E., Hargis B.M., Apple J.K., Coon C. and Owens C.M. (2013). Comparison of hematologic and serologic profiles of broiler birds with normal and severe degrees of white striping in breast fillets. Poult. Sci. 92(2), 339-345.
Lazaro R., Latorre M.A., Medel P., Gracia M. and Mateos G.G. (2004). Feeding regimen and enzyme supplementation to Rye-based diets for broilers. Poul. Sci. 83, 152-160.
LeMieux F.M., Southern L.L. and Bidner T.D. (2003). Effects of mannan oligosaccharides on growth performance of weanling pigs. J. Animl. Sci. 81, 2462-2487.
Lund B., Hansen S. and Kürti P. (2005). Efficacy of GalliPro - a microbial feed additive for broilers. Pp. 263-265 in Proc. 15th European Symp. Poult. Nutr., Belatonfüred, Hungary.
Maassen C.B., van Holten-Neelen C., Balk F., den Bak-Glashouwer M.J., Leer R.J., Laman J.D., Boersma W.J. and Claassen E. (2000). Strain-dependent induction of cytokine profiles in the gut by orally administered Lactobacillus strains. Vaccine. 18, 2613-2623.
Markovic R., Sefer D., Krstic M. and Petrujki B. (2009). Effect of dif-ferent growth promoters on broiler performance and gut morphology. Arch. Med. Vet. 41, 163-169.
Midilli M., Alp M., Kocabagli N., Muglali Ö.H., Turan N., Yilmaz H. and Çakir S. (2008). Effects of dietary probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on growth performance and serum IgG concentration of broilers. South African J. Anim. Sci. 38, 21-27.
Miles R.D., Butcher G.D., Henry P.R. and Littell R.C. (2006). Effect of antibiotic growth promoters on broiler performance, intestinal growth paramerers, and quantitative morphology. Poult. Sci. 85, 476-486.
Moharrery A. and Mohammadpour A.A. (2005). Effect of diets containing different qualities of barley on growth performance and serum amylase and intestinal villus morphology. Int. Poult. Sci. 4(8), 549-556.
Murshed M.A. and Abudabos A.M. (2015). Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic on growth perform-ance of broiler chickens. Brazilian J. Poult. Sci. 117, 99-104.
Nabavi S., Rafraf M., Somi M.H., Homayouni-Rad A. and Asghari Jafarabadi M. (2014). Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on metabolic factors in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J. Dairy Sci. 97(12), 7386-7393.
Nahas J. and Lefrancois R. (2001). Effects of feeding locally grown whole barley with or without enzyme addition and whole wheat on broiler performance and carcass traits. Poult. Sci. 80, 195-202.
Nosrati M., Javandel F., Camacho L.M., Khusro A., Cipriano M., Seidavi A.R. and Salem A.Z.M. (2017). The effects of antibiotic, probiotic, organic acid, vitamin C, and Echinacea purpurea extract on performance, carcass characteristics, blood chemistry, microbiota, and immunity of broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 26(2), 295-306.
Novak R., Matijašić B., Bogovič Terčič D., Červek M., Gorjanc G., Holcman A., Levart A. and Rogelj I. (2011). Effects of two probiotic additives containing Bacillus spores on carcass characteristics, blood lipids and cecal volatile fatty acids in meat type chickens J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 95, 424-433.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Rev. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Oliveira M.C., Rodrigues E.A., Marques R.H., Gravena R.A., Guandolini G.C. and Moraes V.M.B. (2008). Performance and morphology of intestinal mucosa of broilers fed mannano-ligosaccharides and enzymes. Arq. Bras Med. Vet. Zootec. 60, 442-448.
Pan D. and Yu Z. (2014). Intestinal microbiome of poultry and its interaction with host and diet. Gut Microbes. 5, 108-119.
Panda A.K., Ramarao S.V., Reddy M.R. and Praharaj N.K. (1999). Effect of dietary inclusion of probiotic on growth, carcass traits and immune response in broilers. Indian J. Poult. Sci. 34, 343-346.
Pelicano E.R.L., Souza P.A., Souza H.B.A., Figueiredo D.F., Boiago M.M., Carvalho S.R. and Bordon V.F. (2005). Intestinal mucosa development in broiler chickens fed natural growth promoters. Brazilian J. Poult. Sci. 7(4), 221-229.
Piray A.H. and Kermanshahi H. (2008). Effect of different supplementation of Aspergillus meal prebiotic (Fermacto) on efficiency serum lipids and immunity responses of broiler chickens. J. Biol. Sci. 8(4), 818-821.
Racedo S., Villena J., Medina M., Aguero G., Rodrı́guez V. and Alvarez S. (2006). Lactobacillus casei administration reduces lung injuries in a Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice. Microbes Infect. 8, 2359-2366.
Rodriguez M.L., Rebolé A., Velasco S., Ortiz L.T., Treviño J. and Alzueta C. (2012). Wheat and barley based diets with or without additives influence broiler chicken performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora. J. Sci. Food Agric. 92, 184-190.
Rodriguez T.A., Sater C., Higgins C.E., Wolfenden A.D., Bielke L.R., Pixley C.M., Sutoon L., Tellez G. and Hargis B.M. (2005). Effect of Aspergillus meal prebiotic (Fermacto) on performance of broiler chickens in the starter phase and fed low protein diets. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 14, 665-669.
Rubio L.A., Brenes A. and Castano M. (1990). The utilization of raw and autoclaved faba beans (Vicia faba) and faba bean fractions in diets for growing broiler chickens. British J. Nutr. 63, 419-433.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Short F.J., Gorten P., Wiseman J. and Boorman K.N. (1996). Determination of titanium dioxide added as an insert marker in chicken digestibility studies. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 59, 215-221.
Smits C.H.M. and Anisson G. (1996). Non-starch plant polysacharidesin broiler nutrition- towards a physiologically valid approach to their determination. World's Poult. Sci. 52, 203-221.
Smits C.H.M., Veldman A., Verstegen M.W.A. and Beynen A.C. (1997). Dietary carboxy methyl cellulose with high instead of low viscosity reduces macronutrient digestion in broiler chickens. J. Nutr. 127, 483-487.
Stanley V.G., Brown C. and Sefton A.E. (2000). Comparative evaluation of yeastculture, mannan-oligosaccharide and antibiotic on performance of turkeys. Poult. Sci. 79(1), 186-195.
Stein H.H., Lagos L.V. and Casas G.A. (2016). Nutritional value of feed ingredients of plant origin fed to pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 218, 33-69.
Tayeri V., Seidavi A., Asadpour L. and Phillips C.J.C. (2018). A comparison of the effects of antibiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and prebiotics on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. Vet. Res. Commun. 42(3), 195-207.
Toghyani M., Toghyani M. and Tabeidian A. (2011). Effect of probiotic and prebiotic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on productive and carcass traits of broiler chicks. Pp. 82-86 in Int. Conf. Food Eng. Biotechnol., Singapoore.
Tung J. and Herzenberg L. (2007). Unraveling B-1 progenitors. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 19, 150-155.
Visek W.J. (1978). The mode of growth promotion by antibiotics. J. Anim. Sci. 46, 1447-1469.
Viveros A., Brenes A., Pizarro M. and Castano M. (1994). Effect of enzyme supplementation of a diet based on barley and autoclave treatment, on apparent digestibility, growth performance, and gut morphology of broilers. Animl. Feed Sci. Technol. 48, 237-251.
Wang X.W., Du Y.G., Bai X.F. and Li S.G. (2003). The effect of oligochitosan on broiler gut flora, microvilli density, immune function and growth performance. Acta Zoonutr. Sin. 15, 32-45.
Xuan Z.N., Kim J.D., Heo K.N., Jung H.J., Lee J.H., Han Y.K., Kim Y.Y. and Han I.N.K. (2001). Study on the development of a probiotics complex for weaned pigs. Asian–Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 14, 1425-1428.
Yaghobfar A. and Kalantr M. (2017). Effect of non–starch polysaccharide (NSP) of wheat and barley supplemented with exogenous enzyme blend on growth performance, gut microbial, pancreatic enzyme activities, expression of glucose transporter (SGLT1) and mucin producer (MUC2) genes of broiler chickens. Brazilian J. Poult. Sci. 19(4), 629-638.
Yogesh K., Chandra D., Shrivastava H.P., Mandal A.B., Ashutosh W. and Indira S. (2013). Growth performance, carcass yield, and immune competence of broiler chickens as influenced by dietary supplemental zinc sources and levels. Agric. Res. 2(3), 270-274.
Zielke C., Kosik O., Ainalem G., Lovegrove A., Stradner A. and Nilsson A. (2017). Characterization of cereal β-glucan extracts from oat and barley and quantification of proteinaceous matter. Infect. Immun. 72, 4159-4171.
