The Effects of Replacement of Soybean Meal by Mechanically-Processed Sesame Meal on Performance and Milk Fatty Acids Profile in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows
الموضوعات :V. Ashjae 1 , A. Taghizadeh 2 , Y. Mehmannavaz 3 , A. Nobakht 4
1 - Department of Animal Science, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: sesame meal, blood metabolites, lactating Holstein cow, milk fatty acids,
ملخص المقالة :
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of replacement of soybean meal (SBM, solvent extracted meal, 40% CP) with different levels of sesame meal (SSM, mechanically processing meal, 43.91%) on performance, milk composition, blood metabolites and profile of milk fatty acids in lactating dairy cows. Thus, eight Holstein dairy cattle were used in a replicated 4 × 4 latin square design during four 28-days periods. Treatments were control (no SSM supplementation) or replacement of 50, 75 or 100% of SBM with SSM. Cows were fed a total mix ration (TMR). The results showed that dry matter intake (DMI), total solid (TS), fat to protein ratio (FPR), milk protein yield (MP), milk lactose yield, and blood cholesterol, glucose and calcium concentrations were not affected (P>0.05) by experimental diets. However, milk yield average, fat corrected milk (FCM), feed efficiency (FE), milk fat (MF), solids non-fat (SNF) content, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations differed (P<0.05) among treatments. The concentration of cis-C18:1 in the milk of cows fed SSM diets were numerically greater compared with cows fed the control diet. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and total unsaturated fatty acids in milk of cows fed SSM diets were more than the control diet. Concentrations of C16:0 and saturated fatty acids in MF in the control diet were greater than those achieved for the SSM diets. Regardless of the SSM/SBM ratio, cows fed SSM had more unsaturated fatty acids in milk. Replacing SBM with SSM decreased (P<0.05) concentration of medium (MCFA) and long chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increased (P<0.05) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Generally, SSM improved milk fatty acids profile, as a health index of human nutrition, but regarding the rate of milk production, 75% substitution of soybean with sesame is appropriate.
Abdullah A.Y. and Abdalhafes B.Y. (2004). Inclusion of Prosopis juliflora pods in finishing Awassi lamb diets. Pp. 373-375 in Proc. 11th AAAP Anim. Sci. Congr. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Al Jassim R.A.M., Ereifej K.I., Shipli R.A. and Abudabos A. (1998). Utilization of concentrate diets containing acorns (Quercus aegilops and Quercus coccifera) and urea by growing Awassi lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 29, 289-293.
Alcaide M.E., Ruiz Y.D.R., Moumen A. and Garc M.A.I. (2003). Ruminal degradability and in vitro intestinal digestibility of sunflower meal and in vitro digestibility of olive by-products supplemented with urea or sunflower meal: Comparison between goats and sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 110, 3-15.
Belbaskis N.G. and Tsirgogianni D. (1996). Effect of dried citrus pulp on milk yield, milk composition and blood component of dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 60, 93-120.
Buttchereit N., Stamer E., Junge W. and Thaller G. (2012). Genetic parameters for energy balance, fat/protein ratio, body condition score and disease traits in German Holstein cows. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 4, 280-288.
Caroprese M., Albenzio M., Bruno A., Fedele V., Santillo A. and Sevi A. (2011). Effect of solar radiation and flaxseed supplementation on milk production and fatty acid profile of lactating ewes under high ambient temperature. J. Dairy Sci. 94, 3856-3867.
Čejna V. and Chládek G. (2005). The importance of monitoring changes in milk fat to milk protein in Holstein cows during lactation. J. Cent. Europ. Agric. 4, 539-546.
Chiofalo B., Liotta L., Zumbo A. and Chiofalo V. (2004). Administration of olive cake for ewe feeding: Effect on milk yield and composition. Small Rumin. Res. 55, 169-176.
Denek N. and Can A. (2006). Feeding value of wet tomato pomace ensiled with wheat straw and wheat grain for Awassi sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 65, 260-265.
Dhiman T.R., Nam S.H. and UreA. L. (2005). Factors affecting conjugated linoleic acid content in milk and meat. Crit Rev Food Sci. Nutr. 45, 463-482.
Farran M.T., Uwayjan A.M., Miski A., Akhdar N.M. and Ashkarian V.M. (2000). Performance of broilers and layers fed graded levels of sesame hull. Poult. Sci. 9, 453-459.
Ghorbani B., Teimouri Y.A. and Jafari S.A. (2018). Effects of sesame meal on intake, digestibility, rumen characteristics, chewing activity and growth of lambs. South African J. Anim. Sci. 48, 151-161.
Grummer R.R. (1991). Effect of feed on the composition of milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3244-3257.
Hassan H.E., Elamin K.M., Elhashmi Y.H.A., Tameem E., Elbushra M.E. and Mohammed M.D. (2013). Effects of feeding different levels of sesame oil cake (Sesamum indicum) on performance and carcass characteristics of Sudan desert sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 3, 91-96.
Jahani Moghadam M., Amanlou H. and Nikkhah A. (2009). Metabolic and productive response to ruminal protein degradability in early lactation cows fed untreated or xylose treated soybean meal based diets. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 93, 777-786.
Kaps M. and Lamberson W.R. (2004). Biostatistics for Animal Science. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
Khan M.J., Shahjalal M. and Rashid M.M. (1998). Effect of replacing till oil cake by poultry excreta on growth and nutrient utilization in growing bull calves. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 4, 385-390.
Lashkari S. and Taghizadeh A. (2015). Digestion kinetics of carbohydrate fractions of citrus by-products. Vet. Res. Forum. 6, 41-44.
Liu Z.L., Yang D.P., Chen P., Lin S.B., Jiang X.Y., Zhao W.S., Li J.M. and Dong W.X. (2008). Effect of dietary sources of roasted oilseeds on blood parameters and milk fatty acid composition. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 53, 219-226.
Mahgoub O., Kdim I.T., Al-Busaidi M.H., Annamalai K. and Al-Saqri N.M. (2007). Effects of feeding ensiled date palm fronds and by-product concentrate on performance and meat quality of Omani sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 135, 210-221.
Mahmoud A.E.M. and Bendary M.M. (2014). Effect of whole substitution of protein source by Nigella sativa meal and sesame seed meal in ration on performance of growing lambs and calves. J. Glob. Vet. 13, 391-396.
Mohebbi-Fani M., Shekarforoush S.S., Dehdari M. and Nahid S. (2006). Changes of milk fat, crude protein, true protein, NPN and protein/fat ratio in Holstein cows fed a high concentrate diet from early to late lactation. Iranian J. Vet. Res. 7(2), 31-37.
Negussie E., Strandén I. and Mäntysaari E.A. (2013) Genetic associations of test-day fat: Protein ratio with milk yield, fertility, and udder health traits in Nordic Red cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 1237-1250.
Obeidat B.S., Abdullah A.Y. and Al-Lataifeh F.A. (2008). The effect of partial replacement of barley grains by Prosopis juliflora pods on growth performance, nutrient intake, digestibility, and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs fed finishing diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 146, 42-54.
Obeidat B.S., Abdullah A.Y., Mahmoud K.Z., Awawdeh M.S., AL-Beitawi N.Z. and Al-Lataifeh F.A. (2009). Effects of feeding sesame meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 82, 13-17.
Obeidat B.S. and Aloqaily B.H. (2010). Using sesame hull in Awassi lamb's diets: Its effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics and meat quality. Small Rumin. Res. 91, 225-230.
Omar A.J.M. (2002). Effect of feeding different levels of sesame oil cake on performance and digestibility of Awassi lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 46, 187-190.
Panwar K., Yadav R. and Sihag S. (2002). Mustard cake, as a source of dietary protein for growing lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 44, 47-51.
Paura L., Jonkus D. and Ruska D. (2012). Evaluation of the milk fat to protein ratio and fertility traits in Latvian brown and Holstein dairy cows. Acta Agric. Slovenia. 3, 155-159.
Rennó F., De Freitas E., Filho M., Verdurico C. and Barletta V. (2013). Effect of unsaturated fatty acid supplementation on digestion, metabolism and nutrient balance in dairy cows during the transition period and early lactation. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 42, 813-823.
SAS Institute. (2000). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 8.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Shingfield K.J., Bonnet M. and Scollan N.D. (2013). Recent developments in altering the fatty acid composition of ruminant-derived foods. Animal. 7, 132-162.
Shirzadegan K. and Jafari M.A. (2014). the effect of different levels of sesame wastes on performance, milk composition and blood metabolites in Holstein lactating dairy cows. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res. 2, 1296-1303.
Vlček M., Žitný J. and Kasarda R. (2016). Changes of fat-to-protein ratio from start to the mid lactation and the impact on milk yield. J. Cent. Europ. Agric. 17, 1194-1203.