Effect of a Multi-Carbohydrase on Growth Performance, Metabolizable Energy, Nutrients Digestibility and Intestinal Morphology of Broiler Chickens
الموضوعات :
M.R. Mohajeri Nav
1
(Department of Animal Science, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran)
M. Jafari
2
(Department of Animal Science, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran)
Y. Naderi
3
(Department of Animal Science, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: digestibility, Broiler, metabolizable energy, multi-carbohydrase,
ملخص المقالة :
The effects of a multi-carbohydrase supplementation (MS, 1250 Xylanase, 750, β-glucanase, 2500 β-mananase and 1500 α-galactosidase U/kg of basal feed) at a level of 0.05% diet on growth performance, metabolizable energy, nutrients utilization and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens were investigated. A total of 160 day-old male Ross 308 (10 birds/pen; n=4) were fed 4 diets (corn or wheat without or with MS) from 0-42 d. Performance was monitored at 21 and 42 d and excreta were collected from d 17 to 20 for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP) and fat digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) measurements. On d 21, jejunal segment were used for histological analysis and its contents were collected for viscosity determination. Birds fed corn diets had better (P<0.01) body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than birds fed wheat-based diet, while birds fed MS had better BWG and FCR and lower feed intake (FI) than birds fed non-MS diet. Birds fed diets containing MS had lower digesta viscosity (–28%) compared to birds fed diets without MS (P<0.01) and a greater reduction of viscosity due to MS was observed in birds fed wheat diets (–36%) than in corn diets (–13%). Birds receiving diets with MS derived more dietary AMEn (2.15%) compared to those fed diets without MS (P<0.01). Digestibility of NDF and CP was higher (16% and 6.4%, respectively) in birds fed corn-based diet compared to birds fed wheat-based diet and in this context, digestibility of NDF in birds fed MS was higher (10%) than birds fed non-MS diet (P<0.05). Moreover, birds fed MS-diets had higher villus height (5.4%) and villus height: crypt depth ratio (6.5%) compared to birds fed non-MS diet (P<0.01). These results indicated that, although diet type impacted growth performance but MS was efficacious across diet types, implying that degradation of dietary fibrous components by feed enzymes may stimulate performance in broilers.
Adeola O. and Cowieson A.J. (2011). Opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve non-ruminant animal production. J. Anim. Sci. 89, 3189-3218.
Almirall M., Francesch M., P´erez-Vendrell A.M., Brufau J. and Esteve-Garcia E. (1995). The differences in intestinal viscosity produced by barley and β-glucanase alter digesta enzyme activities and ileal nutrient digestibilities more in broiler chicks than in cocks. J. Nutr. 125, 947-945.
AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Washington, DC., USA.
AOAC. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. 18th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Bach K.E. (2011). Effects of polymeric carbohydrates on growth and development in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 89, 1965-1980.
Bedford M.R. and Schulze H. (1998). Exogenous enzymes for pigs and poultry. Nutr. Res. Rev. 11, 91-114.
Chesson A. (2001). Non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes in poultry diets: Influence of ingredients on the selection of activities. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 57, 260-263.
Choct M. (2015). Feed non-starch polysaccharides for monogastric animals: Classification and function. Anim. Prod. Sci. 55, 1360-1366.
Choct M. and Annison G. (1992). Anti-nutritive effect of wheat pentosans in broiler chickens: Roles of viscosity and gut microflora. British Poult. Sci. 33, 821-834.
Choct M., Sinlae M., Al-Jassim R.A.M. and Pettersson D. (2006). Effects of xylanase supplementation on between-bird variation in energy metabolism and the number of Clostridium perfringens in broilers fed a wheat-based diet. Australian J. Agric. Res. 57, 1017-1021.
Cowieson A.J. (2005). Factors that affect the nutritional value of maize for broilers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 119, 293-305.
Cowieson A.J., Bedford M.R. and Ravindran V. (2010). Interactions between xylanase and glucanase in maize-soy-based diets for broilers. British Poult. Sci. 51, 246-257.
Engberg R.M., Hedemann M.S., Steenfeldt S. and Jensen B.B. (2004). Influence of whole wheat and xylanase on broiler performance and microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract. Poult. Sci. 83, 925-938.
Esmaeilipour O., Moravej H., Shivazad M., Rezaian M., Aminzadeh S. and Van Krimpen M.M. (2012). Effects of diet acidification and xylanase supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, duodenal histology and gut microflora of broilers fed wheat based diet. British Poult. Sci. 53, 235-244.
Gehring C.K., Bedford M.R., Cowieson A.J. and Dozier W.A. (2012). Effects of corn source on the relationship between in vitro assays and ileal nutrient digestibility. Poult. Sci. 91, 1908-1914.
Ghadeer A.A., Abdallah E.M., Rasha R.B. and Mahmoud H.F. (2021). Effect of a multicarbohydrase supplementation to diets varying in metabolisable energy level on the performance, carcase traits, caecal microbiota, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 20, 215-225.
Hill F.W., Anderson D.L., Renner R. and Carew Jr L.B. (1960). Studies on the metabolizable energy of grain and grain products for chickens. Poult. Sci. 39, 573-579.
Jia W., Slominski B.A., Bruce H.L., Blank G., Crow G. and Jones O. (2009). Effects of diet type and enzyme addition on growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens during subclinical Clostridium perfringens challenge. Poult. Sci. 88, 132-140.
Jozefiak D., Rutkowski A., Kaczmarek S., Jensen B.B., Engberg R.M. and Hojbjerg O. (2010). Effect of β-glucanase and xylanase supplementation of barley- and rye-based diets on caecal microbiota of broiler chickens. British Poult. Sci. 51, 546-557.
Karimi K. and Zhandi M. (2015). The effect of β -mannanase and β-glucanase on small intestine morphology in male broilers fed diets containing various levels of metabolizable energy. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 43, 324-329.
Kiarie E., Romero L.F. and Nyachoti C.M. (2013). The role of added feed enzymes in promoting gut health in swine and poultry. Nutr. Res. Rev. 26, 71-88.
Kiarie E., Romero L.F. and Ravindran V. (2014). Growth performance, nutrient utilization, and digesta characteristics in broiler chickens fed corn or wheat diets without or with supplemental xylanase. Poult. Sci. 93, 1186-1196.
Lazaro R., Garcia M., Aranibar M.J. and Mateos G.G. (2003). Effect of enzyme addition to wheat-, barley-, and rye-based diets on nutrient digestibility and performance of laying hens. British Poult. Sci. 44, 256-265.
Liu W.C. and Kim I.H. (2017). Effects of dietary xylanase supplementation on performance and functional digestive parameters in broilers fed wheat-based diets. Poult. Sci. 96, 566-573.
Luna L.G. (1968). Manual of Histologic staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Luo D., Yang F., Yang X., Yao J., Shi B. and Zhou Z. (2009). Effects of xylanase on performance, blood parameters, intestinal morphology, microflora and digestive enzyme activities of broilers fed wheat-based diets. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 22, 1288-1295.
Marquardt R.R., Boros D., Guenter W. and Crow G. (1994). The nutritive value of barley, rye, wheat and corn for young chicks as affected by use of a Trichoderma reesei enzyme preparation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 45, 363-378.
Masey O’Neill H.V., Lui N., Wang J.P., Diallo A. and Hill S. (2011). Effect of xylanase on performance and apparent metabolisable energy in starter broilers fed diets containing one maize variety harvested in different regions of china. Asian-australasian J. Anim. Sci. 25, 515-523.
Masey O’Neill H.V., Mathis G., Lumpkins B.S. and Bedford M.R. (2012). The effect of reduced calorie diets, with and without fat, and the use of xylanase on performance characteristics of broilers between 0 and 42 days. Poult. Sci. 91, 1356-1360.
Masey O’Neill H.V., Smith J.A. and Bedford M.R. (2014). Multicarbohydrase for non-ruminants. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 27, 290-301.
Mendes A.R., Ribeiro T., Correia B.A., Bule P., Macas B., Falcao L., Freire J.P.B., Ferreira L.M.A., Fontes C.M.G.A. and Lordelo M.M. (2013). Low doses exogenous xylanase improve the nutritive value of triticale-based diets for broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 22, 92-99.
Meng X., Slominski B.A., Ngachati C.M., Campbell L.D. and Guenter W. (2005). Degradation of cell wall polysaccharide by combinations of carbohydrate enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and broiler chicken performance. Poult. Sci. 84, 37-43.
Munyaka P.M., Nandha N.K., Kiarie E., Nyachoti C.M. and Khafipour E. (2016). Impact of combined β-glucanase and xylanase enzymes on growth performance, nutrients utilization and gut microbiota in broiler chickens fed corn or wheat-based diets. Poult. Sci. 95, 528-540.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Rev. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.
Ouhida I., Perez J.F., Gasa J. and Puchal F. (2000). Enzymes (β-glucanase and arabinoxylanase) and/or sepiolite supplementation on the nutritive value of maize-barley-wheat based diets for broiler chickens. British Poult. Sci. 41, 617-624.
Parsaie S.J., Shariatmadari F., Zamiri M.J. and Khajeh K. (2007). Influence of wheat-based diets supplemented with xylanase, bile acid and antibiotics on performance, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers compared with a maizebased diet. British Poult. Sci. 48, 594-600.
Pirgozliev V., Rose S.P., Pellny T., Amerah A.M., Wickramasinghe M., Ulker M., Rakszegi M., Bedo Z., Shewry P.R. and Lovegrove A. (2015). Energy utilization and growth performance of chickens fed novel wheat inbred lines selected for different pentosan levels with and without xylanase supplementation. Poult. Sci. 94, 232-239.
Rebolé A., Ortiz L.T., Rodríguez M.L., Alzueta C., Trevino J. and Velasco S. (2010). Effects of inulin and enzyme complex, individually or in combination, on growth performance, intestinal microflora, cecal fermentation characteristics, and jejunal histomorphology in broiler chickens fed a wheat- and barley-based diet. Poult. Sci. 89, 276-286.
Rodríguez M.L., Rebolé A., Velasco S., Ortiz L.T., Trevino J. and Alzueta C. (2012). Wheat- and barley-based diets with or without additives influence broiler chicken performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora. J. Sci. Food Agric. 92, 184-190.
SAS Institute. (2001). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 8. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Selle P.H., Huang K.H. and Muir W.I. (2003). Effects of nutrient specifications and xylanase plus phytase supplementation of wheat-based diets on growth performance and carcass traits of broiler chicks. Asian. J. Anim. Sci. 16, 1501-1509.
Semencenko V.V., Mojovic L.V., Radosavljevic M.M., Terzic D.R., Milasinovic-Seremesic M.S. and Jankovic M.Z. (2013). Possibilities of utilization of co-products from corn grain ethanol and starch production (Review). Hem. Ind. 67, 385-397.
Shakouri M.D., Iji P.A., Mikkelsen L.L. and Cowieson A.J. (2009). Intestinal function and gut microflora of broiler chickens as influenced by cereal grains and microbial enzyme supplementation. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 93, 647-658.
Silva S.S. and Smithard R.R. (2002). Effect of enzyme supplementation of a rye-based diet on xylanase activity in the small intestine of broilers, on intestinal crypt cell proliferation and on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of the birds. British Poult. Sci. 43, 274-282.
Silversides F.G. and Bedford M.R. (1999). Effect of pelleting temperature on the recovery and efficacy of a xylanase enzyme in wheat-based diets. Poult. Sci. 78, 1184-1190.
Slominski B.A. (2011). Recent advances in research on enzymes for poultry diets. Poult. Sci. 90, 2013-2023.
Smeets N., Nuyens F., Van Campenhout L. and Niewold T. (2014). Variability in the in vitro degradation of non-starch polysaccharides from wheat by feed enzymes. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 187, 110-114.
Smeets N., Nuyens F., Van Campenhout L., Delezie E. and Niewold T.A. (2018). Interactions between the concentration of non-starch polysaccharides in wheat and the addition of an enzyme mixture in a broiler digestibility and performance trial. Poult. Sci. 97, 2064-2070.
Spector M.D. (1976). Small intestinal mass of the rat is partially determined by indirect effects of intraluminal nutrition. Gastroenterol. 52, 3-5.
Taylor A.E., Bedford M.R., Pace S.C. and Miller H.M. (2018). The effects of phytase and xylanase supplementation on performance and egg quality in laying hens. British Poult. Sci. 59, 554-561.
Torok V.A., Ophel-Keller K., Loo M. and Hughes R.J. (2008). Application of methods for identifying broiler chicken gut bacterial species linked with increased energy metabolism. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 783-791.
Wickramasuriya S.S., Kim E., Shin T.K., Cho H.M., Kim B., Patterson R., Yi YJ., Park S., Balasubramanian B. and Heo J. (2019). Multi-carbohydrase addition into a corn-soybean meal diet containing wheat and wheat by-products to improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 28, 399-409.
Wu Y.B., Ravindran V., Thomas D.G., Birtles M.J. and Hendriks W.H. (2004). Influence of phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed wheat-based diets containing adequate level of phosphorous. British Poult. Sci. 45, 76-84.