Growth Performance, Blood Components, Immune Response, and Carcass Traits in Broiler Chickens Fed with Eucalyptus globulus
الموضوعات :
A. Ayoob
1
(Department of Poultry Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan)
A. Memon
2
(Department of Poultry Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan)
N. Rajput
3
(Department of Poultry Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan)
M.B. Arain
4
(Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan)
Z. Lanjar
5
(Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan)
M.H. Qureshi
6
(Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan)
P. Muneir
7
(Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Broiler, growth performance, carcass traits, blood components, <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i>,
ملخص المقالة :
The research was conducted to determine the effect of various concentrations of Eucalyptus globulus leaves powder on growth performance, blood components, immune response, and carcass traits in one-day-old male (Hubbard) chickens. A total of 180-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups i.e., R1, R2, R3, and R4. Group R1, as control, whereas groups R2, R3, and R4 were fed at the dose of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% of eucalyptus leaves powder/kg feed of broilers, respectively. The Results showed a significant (P<0.05) increased in body weight and maximum water consumption by treated groups. The highest feed intake was consumed by control group. Feed conversion ratio was improved in all treated groups. Carcass weight and dressing percentage were improved significantly (P<0.05) in treated groups. Weights of edible and non-edible organs showed non-significant (P>0.05) differences among treated groups. White blood cells significantly (P<0.05) increased in treated groups. The values of red blood cells and hemoglobin were non-significant (P>0.05) in treated groups. Glucose levels significantly (P<0.05) increased in treated groups, whereas cholesterol levels were recorded to decreased as non-significant (P>0.05) among treated groups. Levels of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) recorded a significant (P<0.05) increased among all treated groups as compared to control group. Treated groups with Eucalyptus globulus powder were observed to improve the immunity against Newcastle disease and infections bronchitis in birds as compared to control group. It is concluded that Eucalyptus globulus 0.75%/kg in feed showed as a useful replacement for antibiotics and would improve growth performance, blood components, and immune response of broiler chickens.
Al-Snafi A.E. (2015). Therapeutic properties of medicinal plants: A review of their detoxification capacity and protective effects (Part 1). Asian J. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 5(4), 257-270.
Azadegan M.M., Hassanabadi A., Nassiri M.H. and Kermanshahi H. (2014). Supplementation of clove essential oils and probiotic to the broiler’s diet on performance, carcass traits and blood components. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 4, 117-122.
Barbour E.K. and Danker S. (2005). Essential oils of eucalyptus and peppermint improve the homogeneity of immune responses and performance in MG/H9N2-infectedbroilers. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 24, 23-27.
Barbour E.K., Saade F., Abdel-Nour M., Kayali G., Kidess S., Ghannam R.B. and Shaib H. (2011). Evaluation of essential oils in the treatment of broilers co-infected with multiple respiratory etiologic agents. Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med. 9(4), 317-323.
Borges S.A., Da Silva A.F., Ariki J., M.Hooge D. and Cummings K.R. (2003). Dietary electrolyte balance for broiler chickens under moderately high ambient temperatures and relative humidities. Poult. Sci. 82(2), 301-308.
Bouzabata A., Bighelli A., Abed L., Casanova J. and Tomi F. (2014). Composition and chemical variability of Eucalyptus bosistoana essential oil from Algerian Sahara. Nat. Prod. Commun. 9(5), 1-8.
Dhama K., Tiwari R., Chakraborty S., Saminathan M., Kumar A., Karthik K. and Rahal A. (2014). Evidence based antibacterial potentials of medicinal plants and herbs countering bacterial pathogens especially in the era of emerging drugresistance: An integrated update. Int. J. Pharmacol. 10(1), 1-43.
Duskaev G.K., Kvan O.V. and Rakhmatullin S.G. (2020). Eucalyptus viminalis leaf extract alters the productivity and blood parameters of healthy broiler chickens. Vet. World. 13(12), 2673-2681.
Farhadi D., Karimi A., Sadeghi G., Sheikhahmadi A., Habibian M., Raei A. andSobhani K. (2017). Effects of using eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) leaf powder and its essential oil on growth performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 18(1), 60-71.
Fathi M., Abdelsalam M., Al-Homidan I., Ebeid T., Shehab-El-Deen M., Abd El-Razik M. and Mostafa M. (2019). Supplemental effects of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) leaves on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemistry and immune response of growing rabbits. Ann. Anim. Sci. 19(3), 779-791.
Ghazalah A. and Ali M. (2008). Rosemary leaves as a dietary supplement for growth in broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 7(3), 234-239.
Griggs J.P. and Jacob J.P. (2005). Alternatives to antibiotics for organic poultry production. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 14(4), 750-756.
Guimaraes R.J., Freitas C., Dutra L.V., Felgueiras C.A., Moura A.C., Amaral R.S. and Carvalho O.S. (2009). Spatial distribution of Biomphalaria mollusks at São Francisco River Basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil, using geostatistical procedures. Acta Tropica. 109(3), 181-186.
Hashemi S.R. and Davoodi H. (2012). Herbal plants as new immuno-stimulator in poultry industry. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 7(2), 105-116.
Hassan M.S., El-Sanhoury M.H., Ali W.H. and Ahmed M.H. (2011). Effect of using eucalyptus leaves as natural additives on productive, physiological, immunological and histological performance of laying Japanese quail. Egyptian Poult. Sci. J. 31(2), 305-329.
Hayat U., Jilani M.I., Rehman R. and Nadeem F. (2015). A Review on Eucalyptus globulus: A New Perspective in Therapeutics. Int. J. Chem. Biochem. Sci. 8, 85-91.
Kabir S.M., Rahman M., Rahman, M.B. Rahman M.M. and Ahmed S.U. (2004). The dynamics of probiotics on growth performance and immune response in broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 3, 361-364.
Khaksefidi A. and Ghoorchi T. (2006). Effect of probiotic on performance and immunocompetence in broiler chicks. J. Poult. Sci. 43, 296-300.
Khalaji S., Zaghari M., Hatami K.H., Hedari-Dastjerdi S. and HLotfi Nazarian L. (2011). Black cumin seeds, Artemisia leaves (Artemisia sieberi), and camellia L. plant extract as phytogenic products in broiler diets and their effects on performance, blood constituents, immunity, and cecal microbial population. Poult. Sci. 90(11), 2500-2510.
Khaligh F., Sadeghi G., Karimi A. and Vaziry A. (2011). Evaluation of different medicinal plants blends in diets for broiler chickens. J. Med. Plant Res. 5, 1971-1977.
Lee K.W., Ji-Suk K., Sung-Taek O., Chang-Won K. and Byoung-Ki A. (2014). Effects of dietary sanguinarine on growth performance, relative organ weight, cecal microflora, serum cholesterol level and meat quality in broiler chickens. J. Poult. Sci. 1, 41-49.
Leite F.P., Silva I.R., Novais R.F., Barros F.D., Neves J.C. and Villani D.A. (2011). Nutrient relations during a eucalyptus cycle at different population densities. R. Bras. Cienc. Solo. 35(3), 949-959.
Mancini S., Moruzzo R., Minieri S., Turchi B., Cerri D., Gatta D. and Paci G. (2019). Dietary supplementation of quebracho and chestnut tannins mix in rabbit: effects on live performances, digestibility, carcase traits, antioxidant status, faecal microbial load and economic value. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 18, 621-629.
Mancini S., Secci G., Preziuso G., Parisi G. and Paci G. (2018). Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) powder as dietary supplementation in rabbit: Life performances, carcass characteristics and meat quality. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 17(4), 867-872.
Mashayekhi H., Mazhari M. and Esmaeilipour O. (2018). Eucalyptus leaves powder, antibiotic and probiotic addition to broiler diets: effect on growth performance, immune response, blood components and carcass traits. Animal. 12(10), 2049-2055.
Maulod M. and Delman D. (2015). Effect of different levels of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves powder on reproductive traits in broiler breeder and immune response in hatching chicks. MS. Thesis. Salahaddin Univ., Erbil, Iraq.
Mesquita junior D., Araujo J.P., Catelan T., Souza W.D., Cruvinel D.M., Andrade L.C. and Silva N.D. (2010). Immune system-part II: basis of the immunological response mediated by T and B lymphocytes. Brazilian J. Rheumatol. 50, 552-580.
Molla M.R., Rahman M.M., Akter F. and Mostofa M. (2012). Effects of Nishyinda, black pepper and cinnamon extract as growth promoter in broilers. Bangladesh Vet. 29(2), 69-77.
Moorthy M., Ravi S., Ravikumar M., Viswanath V. and Cedvin S. (2009). Ginger, pepper and curry leaf powder as feed additives in broiler diet. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 8, 779-782.
Mondal D.K., Chattopadhyay S., Batabyal S., Bera A.K. and Bhattacharya D. (2011). Plasma biochemical indices at various stages of infection with a field isolate of Eimeria tenella in broiler chicken. Vet. World. 4(9), 404-411.
Mustafa M.A. (2019). Effect of Eucalyptus leaves and its supplementation with diet on broiler performance, microbial and physiological statues to alleviate cold stress. Iraqi J. Agri. Sci. 50(1), 953-963.
Nagpal N., Arora G.S., Shri R.R. and Arya Y. (2010). Phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Eucalyptus genus. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 1(12), 28-36.
OIE. (2013). Peste Des Petits Ruminants. World Assembly of Delegates of the OIE.
Parisi F., Mancini S., Mazzei M., Forzan M., Turchi B., Perrucci S. and Paci G. (2018). Effect of dietary supplementation of a mix of chestnut and quebracho tannins on intestinal morphology, bacterial load, Eimeria spp. oocyst excretion and immune response after vaccination in rabbits. American J. Anim. Vet. Sci. 13, 94-103.
Potts B.M., Barbour R.C. and Hingston A.B. (2000). Assessing the risk of genetic pollution from farm forestry using eucalypt species and hybrids. A report for the Joint Venture Agroforestry Program. RIRDC Publication No. 01/114, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Canberra.
Salari M.H., Amine G. and Shirazi M.H. (2006). Antibacterial effects of eucalyptus globules leaf extract on pathogenic bacteria isolated from specimens of patients with respiratory tract disorders. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 12, 194-196.
Sallam S.M., Bueno I.C., Nasser M.E. and Abdalla L. (2010). Effect of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) fresh or residue leaves on methane emission in vitro. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 9(3), 58-65.
SAS Institute. (2001). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 8.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Shao J., Yin Z., Wang Y., Yang Y., Tang Q., Zhang M. and Hassouna A. (2020). Effects of different doses of eucalyptus oil from Eucalyptus globulus Labill on respiratory tract immunity and immune function in healthy rats. Front. Pharmacol. 11, 1287-1295.
Teo A.Y. and Tan H.M. (2007). Evaluation of the performance and intestinal gut microflora of broilers fed on corn-soy diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis PB6 (CloSTAT). J. Appl. Poul. Res. 16, 296-303.
Windisch W., Schedle K., Plitzner C. and Kroismayr A. (2008). Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J. Anim. Sci. 86(14), 140-148.
