Reproductive Performance of Holstein Heifers Inseminated with Sex Sorted Semen in Various Herd Sizes
الموضوعات :
A. Zargaran
1
(Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
M. Amin Afshar
2
(Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
S. Joezy-Shekalgorabi
3
(Department of Animal Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
J. Azizi
4
(Department of Economic Agricultural, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran)
M. Chamani
5
(Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: reproductive performance, Heifer, sexed semen,
ملخص المقالة :
Nowadays, the use of sex-sorted semen is more commonplace in industrial dairy farms. However, the reproductive efficiency of this kind of semen is controversial among dairy farmers. Reproductive efficiency can also be influenced by herd size as a result of different management practices. The current study compares the reproductive performance of Holstein heifers inseminated either with sex-sorted or conventional semen in Isfahan province of Iran. Data were included the reproductive performance of 64070 heifers collected during 2007-2017 from 10 industrial farms with various sizes. Evaluated reproductive traits were conception rate, dystocia, stillbirth, abortion as well as days open and days from calving to the first service in heifers inseminated with various semen types and various farm sizes. Conception rate in the first to the third insemination of sex-sorted semen, respectively decreased by 18, 16, and 12 percent compared to the conventional semen. The chance of abortion, still birth, and dystocia when using sex-sorted semen were 0.095, 0.43, and 0.81. The result illustrated that using sex-sorted semen dramatically decreases the proportion of reproductive disorders, yet it led to lower conception rate, and it is estimated that conception rate is going to be improved through more efficient reproductive management in larger farm sizes. Herd size did not show a consistent effect on reproductive performance however reproductive efficiency was somehow better in medium-sized farms.
Bittante G., Negrini R., Bergamaschi M., Cecchinato A. and Alvarado H.T. (2020). Pure-breeding with sexed semen and crossbreeding with semen of double-muscled sires to improve beef production from dairy herds: Factors affecting heifer and cow fertility and the sex ratio. J. Dairy Sci. 103, 5246-5257.
Borchersen S. and Peacock M. (2009). Danish A.I. field data with sexed semen. Theriogenology. 71, 59-63.
Butler S.T. and Moore S.G. (2018). Genetic control of reproduction in dairy cows under grazing conditions. Anim. Reprod. 15(1), 933-939.
Chalmeh A.M., Nategh Ahmadi M.H., Alipoor M. and Taghipoor Z. (2012). Pregnancy rate and economic benefit of artificial insemination with sexed-sorted sperm in Holstein heifers. J. Vet. Res. 4(67), 359-263.
DeJarnette J.M., Nebel R.L. and Marshall C.E. (2009). Evaluating the success of sex-sorted semen in US dairy herds from on farm records. Theriogenology. 71, 49-58.
De Vries A., Overton M., Fetrow J., Leslie K., Eicker S. and Rogers G. (2008). Exploring the impact ofsexed semen on the structure of the dairy industry. J. Dairy Sci. 91, 847-856.
Diers S., Heise J., Krebs T., Groenewold J. and Tetens J. (2020). Effect of sexed semen on different production and functional traits in German Holsteins. Vet. Anim. Sci. 9, 1-10.
Djedovic R., Bogdanovic V., Stanojevic D., Nemes Z., Gaspardy A. and Cesh S. (2016). Involuntary reduction in vigour of calves born from sexed semen. Acta Vet. Hung. 64(2), 229-238.
EL-Tahawy A. (2017). Effect of herd size on the productive, reproductive, and economic efficiency of holstein dairy cows. Alexandria J. Vet. Sci. 51(1), 21-27.
Eriksson S.A., Näsholm K. and Johansson Philipsson J. (2004). Genetic parameters for calving difficulty, stillbirth and birth weight for Hereford and Charolais at first and later parities. J. Anim. Sci. 82(2), 375-383.
Fetrow J., Nordlund K.V. and Norman H.D. (2006). Culling: Nomenclature, definition and recommendations. J. Dairy Sci. 89, 1896-1905.
Fetrow J., Tewart S., Eicker S. and Rapnicki P. (2007). Reproductive health programs for dairy herds: Analysis of records for assessment of reproductive performance. Pp. 473-490 in Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology. R.S. Youngquist and W.R. Threlfall, Eds. Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, MO.
Garner D.L. and Seidel Jr G.E. (2008). History of commercializ-ing sexed semen for cattle. Theriogenology. 69, 886-895.
Ghiasi H., Pakdel A., Nejati-Javaremi A., González-Recio O., Carabaño M.J., Alenda R. and Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi A. (2016). Estimation of economic values for fertility, stillbirth and milk production traits in Iranian Holstein dairy cows. Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 6(4), 791-795.
Haugaard K. and Heringstad B. (2013). Genetic parameters for fertility related disorders in Norwegian Red. Int. Bull. 47, 156-160.
Hayakawa H., Hirai T., Takimoto A., Ideta A. and Aoyagi Y. (2009). Super ovulation and embryo transfer in Holstein cattle using sexed sperm. Theriogenology. 71, 68-73.
Healy A.A., House J.K. and Thomson P.C. (2013). Artificial insemination field data on the use of sexed and conventional semen in nulliparous Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 1905-1914.
Holden S.A. and Butler S.T. (2018). Applications and benefits of sexed semen in dairy and beef herds. Animal. 12(1), 97-103.
Hutchison J.L. and Norman H.D. (2009). Characterization and usage of sexed semen from US field data. Theriogenology. 71, 48-57.
Hutchinson I.A., Shalloo L. and Butler S.T. (2013). Expanding the dairy herd in pasture-based systems: The role for sexed semen use on virgin heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 96(2), 1312-1322.
Jabarzareh A., Sadeghi A. and Ghorbani A. (2015). Reproductive consequences of using sexed semen in Holstein dairy herds of Isfahan province. J. Anim. Sci. 46(3), 271-276.
Jago J.G. and Berry D.P. (2011). Associations between herd size, rate of expansion and production, breeding policy and reproduction in spring-calving dairy herds. Animal. 5(10), 1626-1633.
Joezy-Shekalgorabi S., Maghsoudi A. and Mansourian M.R. (2017). Reproductive performance of sexed versus conventional semen in Holstein heifers in various semiarid regions of Iran. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 16(4), 666-672.
Lemma A. and Kebede S. (2011). The effect of mating system and herd size on reproductive performance of dairy cows in market oriented urban dairy farms in and around Addis Ababa. Rev. Méd. Vét. 11, 526-530.
Mikkola M., Andersson M. and Taponen J. (2015). Transfer of cattle embryos produced with sex-sorted semen results in impaired pregnancy rate and increased male calf mortality. Theriogenology. 84, 1118-1122.
Norman H.D., Hutchison J.L. and Miller R.H. (2010). Use of sexed semen and its effect on conception rate, calf sex, dystocia, and stillbirth of Holsteins in the United States. J. Dairy Sci. 93, 3880-3890.
Norman S. and Youngquist R.S. (2007). Parturition and dystocia. Pp. 312 in Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology. R.S. Youngquist and Threlfall W.R. Eds. St. Louis, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, United States.
Oikawa K., Yamazaki T., Yamaguchi S., Abe H., Bai H., Takahashi M. and Kawahara M. (2019). Effects of use of conventional and sexed semen on the conception rate in heifers. Theriogenology.52, 2925-2930.
Patel S.B. and Jethva P.C. (2019). Use of Sexed Semen in Indian Dairy Cattle. Indian J. Vet. Sci. Biotechnol. 14(3), 54-57.
Peter A.T. (2000). Abortions in dairy cows: New insights and economic impact. Pp. 233-244 in 39th Western Canadian Dairy Semin, Alberta, Canada.
Rethmeier J., Wenzlau M., Wagner M., Wiedemann S. and Bachmann L. (2019). Fertility parameters in German dairy herds: Associations with milk yield and herd size. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 64, 459-464.
SAS Institute. (2004). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Sasaki Y., Uematsu M., Kitahara G. and Osawa T. (2016). Reproductive performance of Japanese Black cattle: Association with herd size, season, and parity in commercial cow-calf operations. Theriogenology. 86(9), 2156-2161.
Singh P., Bhatti J.S., Hundal J.S. and Kansal S.K. (2016). Effect of region and herd size on dairy herd performance parameters in Punjab. Indian J. Ecol. 43(1), 373-374.
Slozhenkina M.I., Gorlov I.F., Shakhbazova O.P., Radjabov R.G., Ivanova N.V., Mosolova D.A., Knyazhechenko O.A., Poorghasemi M. and Seidavi A. (2020). Productivity of steers of different genotypes: forecast based on interior indicators. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 72(6), 2279-2287.
Thurmond M.C., Branscum A.J., Johnson W.O., Bedrick E.J. and Hanson T.E. (2005). Predicting the probability of abortion in dairy cows: A hierarchical Bayesian logistic-survival model using sequential pregnancy data. Prev. Vet. Med. 68, 223-239.
Tubman L.M., Brink Z., Suh T.K. and Seidel G.E.J. (2004). Characteristics of calves produced with sperm sexed by flow cytometry/cell sorting. J. Anim. Sci. 82, 1029-1036.
Weigel K.A. (2004). Exploring the role of sexed semen in dairy production systems. J. Dairy Sci. 87, 120-130.
