Citrus Co-Products in Ruminants Feeds: A Review
الموضوعات :و.ر. آندرید 1 , A.آ. خوزه ویرا پرز 2 , م. اولیویرا دخسوس 3
1 - Southwest State University of Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
2 - Southwest State University of Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
3 - State University of Montes Claros, Janaúba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
الکلمات المفتاحية: alternative feeds, ruminants, citrus pulp,
ملخص المقالة :
The generation of co-products continues at an accelerating pace, driven by population growth. Many of these co-products can be included in ruminant feed, which has the ability to transform them into good quality animal protein, and also help to reduce the disposal of undesirable residues to the environment. One of the co-products with potential use in animal feed, the citrus pulp, represents residues of the crushing of the fruit to remove the juice. In this review, these co-products are studied for their nutritional value, nutrient digestibility, and their influence on animal performance, in addition to ruminal characteristics. Due to its chemical composition, citrus pulp is widely used as an energetic component in the diet, replacing mainly maize, since these two have a similar energy value. In addition to increasing energy intake in the diet, citrus pulp has a greater capacity to assist in the maintenance of adequate ruminal performance compared to starchy cereals.
Bampidis V.A. and Robinson P.H. (2006). Citrus co-products as ruminant feeds: A review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 128, 175-217.
Caetano M., Goulart R.S., Rizzo P.M., Silva S.L., Drouillard J.S., Leme P.R. and Lanna D.P.D. (2019). Impact of flint corn processing method and dietary starch concentration on finishing performance of Nellore bulls. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 251, 166-175.
Carmo C.A., Batistel F., de Souza J., Martinez J.C., Correa P., Pedroso A.M. and Santos, F.A.P. (2015). Starch levels on performance, milk composition and energy balance of lactating dairy cows. Trop. Anim. Health and Prod. 47, 179-184.
Cribbs J.T., Bernhard B.C., Young T.R., Jennings M.A., Burdick Sanchez N.C., Carroll J.A. and Rathmann R.J. (2015). Dehydrated citrus pulp alters feedlot performance of crossbred heifers during the receiving period and modulates serum metabolite concentrations before and after an endotoxin challenge. J. Anim. Sci. 93, 5791-5800.
Favaro V.R., Ezequiel J.M.B., Almeida M.T.C., D’aurea A.P., Paschoaloto J.R., Van Cleef E.H.C.B. and Junqueira N.B. (2016). Carcass traits and meat quality of Nellore cattle fed different non fiber carbohydrates sources associated with crude glycerin. Animal. 10, 1402-1408.
Fondevila M., Barrios Urdaneta A., Balcells J. and Castrillo C. (2002). Gas production from straw incubated in vitro with different levels of purified carbohydrates. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 101, 1-15.
Gado H.M., Salem A.Z. M., Odongo N.E. and Borhami B.E. (2011). Influence of exogenous enzymes ensiled with orange pulp on digestion and growth performance in lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 165, 131-136.
Gilaverte S., Susin I., Pires A.V., Ferreira E.M., Mendes C.Q., Gentil R.S. and Rodrigues G.H. (2011). Digestibilidade da dieta, parâmetros ruminais e desempenho de ovinos Santa Inês alimentados com polpa cítrica peletizada e resíduo úmido de cervejaria. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 40, 639-647.
Gobindram M.N.N.E., Bognanno M., Luciano G., Avondo M., Piccione G. and Biondi L. (2017). The effects of barley replacement by dehydrated citrus pulp on feed intake, performance, feeding behaviour and serum metabolic indicators in lambs. Anim. Prod. Sci. 57, 133-140.
Gouvêa V.N., Batistel F., Souza J., Chagas L.J., Sitta C., Campanili P.R.B. and Santos F.A.P. (2016). Flint corn grain processing and citrus pulp level in finishing diets for feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 94, 665-677.
Hall M.B., Pell A.N. and Chase L.E. (1998). Características da fermentação de fibras solúveis em detergente neutro por micróbios ruminais mistos. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 70, 23-39.
Heron S.J.E., Edwards R.A. and Phillips P. (1989). Effect of pH on the activity of ryegrass Lolium multiflorum proteases. J. Sci. Food Agric. 46, 267-277.
Kim S.C., Adesogan A.T. and Arthington J.D. (2007). Optimizing nitrogen utilization in growing steers fed forage diets supplemented with dried citrus pulp. J. Anim. Sci. 85, 2548-2555.
Lanzas C., Sniffen C.J., Seo S.A., Tedeschi L.O. and Fox D.G. (2007). A revised CNCPS feed carbohydrate fractionation scheme for formulating rations for ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 136, 167-190.
Lashkari S. and Taghizadeh A. (2012). Nutrient digestibility and evaluation of protein and carbohydrate fractionation of citrus by products. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 97, 701-709.
Lashkari S. and Taghizadeh A. (2015). Digestion kinetics of carbohydrate fractions of citrus by products. Vet. Res. Forum. 6, 41-50.
Lashkari S., Taghizadeh A., Paya H. and Jensen S.K. (2017). Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of fattening lambs fed diet replacing corn with orange pulp. Spanish J. Agric. Res. 15, 1-6.
Lashkari S., Taghizadeh A., Seifdavati J. and Salem A.Z.M. (2014). Qualitative characteristics, microbial populations and nutritive values of orange pulp ensiled with nitrogen supplementation. Slovak J. Anim. Sci. 47, 90-99.
Leite L.A., Reis R.B., Pimentel P.G., Saturnino H.M., Coelho S.G. and Moreira G.R. (2017). Performance of lactating dairy cows fed sunflower or corn silages and concentrate based on citrus pulp or ground corn. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 46, 56-64.
Lenehan C., Moloney A.P., O’Riordan E.G., Kelly A. and McGee M. (2017). Comparison of rolled barley with citrus pulp as a supplement for growing cattle offered grass silage. Adv. Anim. Biosci. 8, 33-37.
López M.C., Estellés F., Moya V.J. and Fernández C. (2014). Use of dry citrus pulp or soybean hulls as a replacement for corn grain in energy and nitrogen partitioning, methane emissions, and milk performance in lactating Murciano-Granadina goats. J. Dairy Sci. 97, 7821-7832.
Macías-Cruz U., Quintero-Elisea J.A., Avendaño-Reyes L., Correa-Calderón A., Álvarez-Valenzuela F.D., Soto-Navarro S.A. and González-Reyna A. (2010). Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaria) substitution for orange pulp on intake, digestibility, and performance of hairsheep lambs. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42, 223-232.
Miron J.E., Yosef D., Ben-Ghedalia L.E., Chase D.E. and Bauman R.S. (2002). Digestibility by dairy cows of monosaccharide constituents in total mixed rations containing citrus pulp. J. Dairy Sci. 85, 89-94.
Oliveira C.A. and Millen D.D. (2014). Survey of the nutritional recommendations and management practices adopted by feedlot cattle nutritionists in Brazil. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 197, 64-75.
Oltramari C.E., Nápoles G.G.O., Paula M.R., Silva J.T., Gallo M.P.C., Soares M.C. and Bittar C.M.M. (2018). Performance and metabolism of dairy calves fed starter feed containing citrus pulp as a replacement for corn. Anim. Prod. Sci. 58, 561-567.
Pacheco M.T., Moreno F.J. and Villamiel M. (2019). Chemical and physicochemical characterization of orange by products derived from industry. J. Sci. Food Agric. 99, 868-876.
Paya H., Taghizadeh A. and Lashkari S. (2015). Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and hydrolytic enzymes on fermentation and ruminal degradability of orange pulp silage. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 4, 349-357.
Polizel D.M., Gobato L.G.M., Souza R.A.D., Gentil R.S., Ferreira E.M., Freire A.P.A. and Susin I. (2016). Performance and carcass traits of goat kids fed high-concentrate diets containing citrus pulp or soybean hulls. Ciênc. Rural. 46, 707-712.
Rodrigues G.H., Susin I., Pires A.V., Nussio L.G., Gentil R.S., Ferreira E.M. and Ribeiro M.F. (2011). Desempenho, características da carcaça, digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, metabolismo de nitrogênio e parâmetros ruminais de cordeiros alimentados com rações contendo polpa cítrica úmida semidespectinada e/ou polpa cítrica desidratada. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 40, 2252-2261.
Santos-Silva J., Dentinho M.T., Francisco A., Portugal A.P., Belo A.T., Martins A.P. and Bessa R.J. (2016). Replacing cereals with dehydrated citrus pulp in a soybean oil supplemented diet increases vaccenic and rumenic acids in ewe milk. J. Dairy Sci. 99, 1173-1182.
Sharif M., Ashraf M.S., Mushtaq N., Nawaz H., Mustafa M.I., Ahmad F. and Javaid A. (2017). Influence of varying levels of dried citrus pulp on nutrient intake, growth performance and economic efficiency in lambs. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 45, 1-5.
Steyn L., Meeske R. and Cruywagen C.W. (2017). Replacing maize grain with dried citrus pulp in a concentrate feed for Jersey cows grazing ryegrass pasture. South African J. Anim. Sci. 47, 553-564.
Tadayon Z., Rouzbehan Y. and Rezaei J. (2017). Effects of feeding different levels of dried orange pulp and recycled poultry bedding on the performance of fattening lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 95, 1751-1765.
Williams S.R.O., Chaves A.V., Deighton M.H., Jacobs J.L., Hannah M.C., Ribaux B.E. and Moate P.J. (2018). Influence of feeding supplements of almond hulls and ensiled citrus pulp on the milk production, milk composition, and methane emissions of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 101, 2072-2083.
