Wet Feeding Mitigates the Adverse Effectsof High Dietary Rice Bran Levels on Growth Performance and Nitrogen Retention of Broiler Chickens
الموضوعات :N.S.B.M. Atapattu 1 , H.S. Sudusinghe 2
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka
الکلمات المفتاحية: Performance, poultry, wet feeding,
ملخص المقالة :
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the adverse effects of high dietary rice bran (RB) inclusion levels on the feed intake, performance, bone status and nitrogen (N) retention of broilers could be mitigated by wet feeding. Giving a completely randomized design experiment in 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, seventy two broiler chickens, managed in 24 floor pens received one of the two experimental diets (having 20 or 40% RB) either in dry or wet form from day 21 to 42 using a completely randomized design experiment in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Wet feeds were prepared every day by mixing the respective air dry feed with tap water (1:1 w/w). Growth performance, visceral organ weights, N retention and tibia ash percentages were determined. At both dietary RB levels, birds given wet feed ate significantly more feed dry matter than those fed dry form of the respective feeds. The increase of RB level from 20 to 40% significantly reduced the feed intake, weight gain and N retention while increasing the digestive tract weight when the diet was of dry form. Those adverse effects were mitigated when the 40% RB diet was offered in wet form. It is concluded that wet feeding mitigates the adverse effects of high RB inclusion levels on broiler diets.
Afsharmanesh M. and Pourreza J. (2005). Effects of calcium, citric acid, ascorbic acid, vitamin D on the efficacy of 3 microbial phytase in broiler starters fed wheat-based diets I. Performance, bone mineralization and ileal digestibility. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 4, 418-424.
Angel R., Applegate T.J. and Christman M. (2000a). Effects of dietary non phytate phosphorus on performance and bone measurements in broilers fed on a four phase feeding system. Poult. Sci. 79, 21-22.
Angel R., Applegate T.J., Christman M. and Mitchell A.D. (2000b). Effect of dietary non phytate phosphorus level on broiler performance and bone measurements in the starter and grower phase. Poult. Sci. 79, 21-22.
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
Atapattu N.S.B.M. (2005). Rice Bran: Potentials and constraints as a poultry feed ingredient, Pp. 59-78 in Proc. 10th Anniversary International Symposium, Sabaragamuwa University, Sri Lanka.
Atapattu N.S.B.M. and Prabath A.N.M.B.R. (2010). Effects of dietary energy and rice bran levels on growth performance and nutrient retention of broiler chicken, Pp. 57-70 in Proc. 7th Academic Sessions, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka.
Atapattu N.S.B.M.and Sudusinghe H.S. (2010). Effects of restricted wet feeding on feed intake and growth performance of broiler chicks from day 10-20, Pp. 23-30 in Proc. International Symposium , Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka.
Atapattu N.S.B.M.and Wickramasinghe K.P. (2007). Effect of dietary rice bran and energy level on the digesta transit time of broiler chicken, Pp. 188-195 in Proc. 63rd Annual Secessions of the Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, Colombo.
Atapattu N.S.B.M. and Wickramasinghe K.P. (2008). Wet feeding reduces the feed conversion ratio of young broiler chicks. Pp. 246-257 inProc. 64th Annual Sessions of the Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, Colombo.
Bolling S.D., Webel D.M., Marvormichelis I., Parsons C.M. and Baker D.H. (2000). The effect of citric acid on phytate phosphorus utilization in young chicks and pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 682-689.
Bolling S.D., Snow J.L., Parsons C.M. and Baker D.H. (2001). The effects of citric acid on the calcium and phosphorus requirements of chicks fed corn-soybean meal diets. Poult. Sci. 80, 783-788.
Bonnet S.P.A., Geraert M., Lessire B.C. and Solange G. (1997). Effect of high ambient temperature on feed digestibility in broilers. Poult. Sci. 76, 857-863.
CoscunH.R. and Zadn K. (1997). Effect of wet feeding and dietary supplementation of ascorbic acid on the performance of heat stressed broiler chicks. Brit. Poult. Sci. 38, 35-36.
Deniz G., Orhan F., Grencoglu H., Eren M., Gezen S.S. and Turkmen I.I. (2007). Effects of different levels of rice bran with and without enzyme on performance and size of the digestive organs of broiler chickens. Rev. Méd. Vét. 7, 336-343.
Deolankar R.P. and Singh K.S. (1979). Trypsin inhibitor, mineral availability, and performance of broiler chickens fed on diets based in rice bran. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 4(2),133-141.
Desphande S.S. and Demoderan S. (1989). Effects of phytate on solubility, activity and conformation of trypsin and chymotrypsin. J. Food Sci. 54, 695-699.
Dhandu A.S. and Angel R. (2003). Broiler nonphytin phosphorus requirement in the finisher and withdrawal periods of a commercial four-phase feeding system. Poult. Sci. 82,1257-1265.
El Ghami A.A., Al-Harthi M.A. and Attia Y.A. (2005). Possibility of improve rice polishing utilization in broiler diets by enzyme or diet formulations based on digestible amino acids.Arch. für Geflügelkd. 69(2), 49-56.
Farrell D.J. (1994). Utilization of rice bran in diets for domestic fowl and ducklings. World’s Poult. Sci.J.5,116-131.
Forbes J.M. (2003). Wet foods for poultry. Avian Poult. Biol. Rev. 14(4), 164-172.
González-AlvardoJ.M., Jiménez-Moreno F., Valencia D.G., Lázaro R. and Mateos G.G. (2008). Effects of fiber source and heat processing of the cereal on the development and pH of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed diets based on corn or rice. Poult. Sci. 87,1779-1795.
Hargrove K.L. (1994). Processing and utilization of rice bran in the United States. Pp. 423-450 in Rice Science and Technology. W.E. Marshal and J.I. Wadwsworth Eds. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York.
Hetland H. and Svihus B. (2001). Effect of oat hulls on performance, gut capacity and feed passage time in broiler chickens. Brit. Poult. Sci. 42, 354-361.
Hu W., Wells J.H., Shin T.S. and Godber J.S. (1996). Comparison of isopropanol and hexane for extraction of vitamin E and oryzanols from stabilized rice bran. Am. J. Oil Chem. Soc. 73,1653-1656.
Hurwitz S., Weiselberg M., Eisner U., Bartov I., Riesenfeld G., Sharvit M., Niv A. and Bornstein S. (1980). The energy requirements and performance of growing chickens and turkeys as affected by environmental temperature. Poult. Sci. 59, 2290-2299.
Jiménez-Moreno E., González-Alvardo J.M., Coco-Sinova A., Lázaro R. and Mateos G.G. (2009a). Effects of source of fibre on the development and pH of the gastointestinal tract of broilers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 154, 93-101.
Jiménez-Moreno E., González-Alvardo J.M., González-Serrano A., Lázaro R. and Mateos G.G. (2009b). Effects of dietary fibre and fat on performance and digestive traits of broilers from one to twenty-one days of age. Poult. Sci. 88, 2562-2574.
Jin L., Reynolda L.P., Redmer D.A., Caton J.S. and Crenshaw J.D. (1994). Effects of dietary fibre on intestinal growth, cell proliferation, and morphology in growing pig. J. Anim. Sci. 72, 2270-2278.
Jongbloed A.W., Evert P.A. and Kemme P.A. (1991). Phosphorus availability and requirements in pigs. Pp. 65-80 in Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. W. Herisign and D.J.A. Cole, Eds. Butterworths, London.
Kamme P.A. and Jongbloed A.W. (1993). Effects of Aspergillus niger phytase and soaking on the apparent digestibility of P in diets for pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 71,191-198.
Kim W.K., Donalson L.M., Herrera P., Woodward C.L., Kubena L.F., Nisbet D.J. and Ricke S.C. (2004). Effects of different bone preparation methods (fresh, dry, and fat-free dry) on bone parameters and the correlations between bone breaking strength and the other bone parameters. Poult Sci. 83, 1663-1666.
KorrnegayE.T. (2001). Digestion of phosphorus and other nutrients: The role of phytase and factors influencing their activity. Pp. 237-272 in Enzymes in Farm Animal. Nutrition. M.R. Bedford and G.G. Patridge, Eds. CAB Publishing, UK.
Kratzer F.H. and Payne C.G. (1977). Effect of autoclaving, hot water treatment, parboiling and addition of ethoxyquin on the value of rice bran as a dietary ingredient for chickens. Brit. Poult. Sci. 18, 475-482.
Leeson S. and Zubair A.K. (1997). Nutrition of the broiler chicken around the period of compensatory growth. Poult. Sci. 76, 992-999.
Liu J., Bollinger D.W., Ledous D.R., Ellersieck M.R. and Veum T.L. (1997). Soaking increases the efficacy of supplemental phytase in a low phosphorus corn-soy bean diet for growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 75,1291-1298.
Lu B.S., Barber S. and Benedito D.B.C. (1991). Rice bran: Chemistry and technology. Pp. 313-315 in Rice Production and Utilization. B.S. Lu, Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold. NY.
Madrigal S.A., Watkins S.E., Adams M.H. and Waldroup P.W. (1995). Defatted rice bran to restrict growth Rate in broiler chicken. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 4, 170-181.
Malathi V. and Devegowda G. (2001). In vitroevaluation of non starch polysaccharide digestibility of feed ingredients by enzymes. Poult Sci. 80,302-305.
Martin E.A., Nolan J.V., Nitsan Z. and Farrell D. J. (1998). Strategies to improve the nutritive value of rice bran in poultry diets. IV. Effects of addition of fish meal and microbial phytase to duckling diets on bird performance and amino acid digestibility. Brit. Poult. Sci. 39, 612-621.
Mujahid A., Asif M., Ul Haq I., Abdullah M. and Gilani A.H. (2003). Nutrient digestibility of broiler feeds containing different levels of variously processed rice bran stored for different periods. Poult. Sci. 82,1438-1443.
Nasi J.M., Helander E.H. and Partenen K.H. (1995). Availability for growing pigs on mineral and protein of high phytate barley-rape seed meal died treated with Aspergillus niger phytase or soaked with whey. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 56, 83-98.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Rev. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Oladunjoye I.O. and Ojebiyi O.O. (2010). Performance characteristics of broiler chicken (Gallus gallus) fed rice (Oriza sativa) bran with or without Roxazyme G2G. Int. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 2(4), 135-140.
Piyarathna D., Atapattu N.S.B.M., Mendis A.P.S. and Amarasinghe A.G.C. (2009). Effects of balancing diets for more amino acids on growth performance of broilers fed rice bran based diets. Trop. Agric. Res. Ext. 12, 57-61.
Pourrezal J. and Classen H.L. (2001). Effects of supplemental phytase and xylanase on phytate phosphorus degradation, ileal protein and energy digestibility of a con-soybean-wheat bran diets in broiler chicks.J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 3, 19-25.
Powell S., Johnston S., Gaston L. and Southern L.L. (2008). The effect of dietary phosphorus level and phytase supplementation on growth performance, bone-breaking strength, and litter phosphorus concentration in broilers. Poult. Sci. 87, 949-957.
Puminn O. (2003). Broiler performance and mineral utilization of enzyme supplemented defatted rice bran diets during heat stress. Ph D. Thesis. The University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
Ramezanzadeh F.M., Rao R.M., Windhauser M., Prinyawiwatkul W. and Marshall W.E. (1999). Prevention of oxidative rancidity in rice bran during storage. J. Agric. Food Chemist. 47, 2997-3000.
Sampath S.J. and Atapattu N.S.B.M. (2007). Effects of wetting plant feed ingredients 6 on growth performance and tibia ash percentage of broiler chicken. Brit. Poult. 3, 33-34.
SAS Institute. (1996). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 6.11. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
Savory J.C. (1986). Influence of ambient temperature on feeding activity parameters and digestive function in domestic fowls. Phys. Beh. 38, 353-357.
Scott T.A. (2002). Impact of wet feeding wheat-based diets with or without enzyme on broiler chick performance. Canad. J. Anim. Sci. 82, 409-417.
Selle P.H. and Ravindran V. (2007). Microbial phytase in poultry nutrition. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 135,1-45.
Selle P.H., Ravindran V., Caldwell R.A. and Bryden W.L. (2000). Phytate and phytase: Consequences for protein utilisation. Nutr. Res. Rev. 13, 255-278.
Sharif M.K. (2009). Rice industrial by products management for oil extraction and value added products. Ph D. Thesis. National Institute of Food Science and Technology. Agricultural Univiversity of Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Svihus B., Newman R.K. and Newman C.W. (1997).Effect of soaking, germination, and enzyme treatment of whole barley on nutritional value and digestive tract parameters of broiler chickens. Brit. Poult. Sci. 38, 390-396.
Warren B.E. and Farrell D.J. (1990). The nutritive value of full-fat and defatted Australian rice bran. I. Chemical composition. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 27, 219-228.
Watson B.C., Matthews J.O., Southern L.L. and Shelton J.L. (2006). The effects of phytase on growth performance and intestinal transit time of broilers fed nutritionally adequate diets and diets deficient in calcium and phosphorus. Poult. Sci. 85, 493-497.
Wickramasinghe K.P. and Atapattu N.S.B.M. (2008). Effects of wet feeding on growth performance and gastric transit time of broiler chicken. Pp. 62-75. in Proc. of the National Symposium. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna. Site of publication.
Yalda A.Y. and Forbes J.M. (1995). Food intake and growth in chickens given food in the wet form with and without access to drinking water. Brit. Poult. Sci. 36, 357-369.
Yalda A.Y. and Forbes J.M. (1996). Effects of food intake, soaking time, enzyme and corn flour addition on the digestibility of the diet and performance broiler given wet food. Brit. Poult. Sci. 37, 793-807.
Yasar S. and Forbes J.M. (1999). Performance and gastro intestinal response of broiler chickens fed on cereal grain based foods soaked in water. Brit. Poult. Sci. 40, 65-76.
Yasar S. and Forbes J.M. (2000). Enzyme supplementation of dry and wet wheat-based feeds for broiler chicks: performance and gut responses. Brit. Poult. Sci. 84, 297-307.
