Effects of Different Levels of Dried Lemon (Citrus aurantifulia) Pulpon Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Biochemical and Immunity Parameters of Broilers
الموضوعات :
A. Nobakht
1
(
Department of Animal Science, MaraghehBranch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Performance, Broiler, immunity, carcass quality, dried lemon pulp,
ملخص المقالة :
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels ofdried lemon pulp (DLP) on performance, carcass traits, blood biochemical and immunity parameters of broilers. In this experiment 240 of broilers (Ross-308) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates (with 20 birds in each replicate) from 1 to 42 days. Experimental diets included: 1) control group with no DLP, in 2 until 4 treatments the levels of DLP were 0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 percent. Inclusion different levels of dried lemon pulp on broilers diets had significant effects on their performance, carcass traits and blood biochemical parameters (P>0.05). Adding DLP into broiler diets significantly increased the amount of feed intake in starter, grower and whole experiment periods. Also it significantly increased the amount of daily weight gain in starter and whole experiment periods; however they were not observed any significant difference between treatments in daily weight gain in grower period. As the rate of feed intake to daily weight gain was high, especially in grower period in treatments, which contained DLP, it had adverse effect on feed conversion and led to be increased, in contrast with control group. There were no significant differences between experimental groups regarding to feed conversion in starter period (P>0.05). Using 3% DLP significantly decreased the abdominal fat and blood low density lipoprotein (LDL), whereas the lowest percent of gizzard was obtained by inclusion 1.5% DLP. Adding different levels of dried lemon pulp could not significantly affect the hematological parameters of broilers. According to these experimental results, using DLP up to 4.5% of broiler diets in starter period, would be possible without any adverse effects on their performance, however these levels in grower period increased significantly the ratio of daily feed intake to daily weight gain and had adverse effect on feed conversion. Moreover 1.5% DLP had desirable effects on reduce of abdominal fat and blood low density lipoproteins.
Agu P.N., Oluremi O.I.A. and Tuleun C.D. (2010). Nutritional evaluation of sweet orange(Citrus sinensis) fruit peel as feed resource in broiler production. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 9, 684-688.
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
Baker R.A. (1994). Potential dietary benefits of citrus pectin and fiber. Food Technol. 48, 133-139.
Cave N.A.G. (1984). Effect of dietary propionic acids on feed intake in chicks. Poult. Sci. 63, 131-134.
Chaudry M.A., Badshan A., Bibi N., Zeb A., Ahmed T., Ali S. and Termeulen U. (2004). Citrus wastein poultry rations. Arch. Geflu gelk. 68, 206-210.
Cherry J.A. and Jones D.E. (1982). Dietary cellulose, wheat bran and fishmeal in relation to hepatic lipids, serum lipids and lipid excretion in laying hens. Poult. Sci. 61, 1973-1980.
Crickenberger R.G. (1991). Using Food Processing byproducts for Animal Feed, PollutionPrevention Pays in Food Processing. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service.
Gross W.B. and Sigel P.S. (1983). Evaluation of heterophil to lymphocyte ratio as ameasure ofstress in chickens. Avian Dis. 27, 972-979.
Hesselman K. and Aman P. (1986). The effect of β-glucanase on the utilization of starch and nitrogen by broiler chickens fed on barley of low or high viscosity. Anim. Feed Sci.Technol. 15, 83-93.
Hetland H., Choct M. and Svihus B. (2004). Role of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides in poultry nutrition. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 60, 415-422.
Hon FM, Oluremi OI, Anugwa FOI (2009). Effect of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit pulp meal on the growth performance of rabbits. Pak. J. Nutr. 8, 1150-1155.
Ibrahim M.R., El-Banna H.M., Omara I.I. and Suliman A. (2011). Evaluation of nutritive value of some citrus pulp as feedstuffs in rabbit diets. Pak. J. Nutr. 10, 667-674.
Jenkins D.J.A., Goff D.V., Leeds A.R., Alberti K.G.M.M., Wolever T.M.S., Gassull M.A. and Hockaday T.D.R. (1976). Unabsorbable carbohydrates and diabetes: Decreased postprandial hyperglycaemia. Lancet. 2, 172-174.
Kanter Y., Eitan N., Brook G. and Barzilai D. (1980). Improved glucose tolerance and insulin response in obese and diabetic patients on a fiber-enriched diet. Israel J. Med. Sci. 16, 1-6.
Levitt N.S., Vinik A.I., Sive A.A., Child P.T. and Jackson W.P. (1980). The effect of dietary fiber on glucose and hormone responses to a mixed meal in normal subjects and in diabetic subjects with and without autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 3, 515-519.
Mourao J.L., Pinheiro V.M., Prates A.M., Bessa R.J.B. and Ferreira L.M.A. (2008). Effect of dietary dehydrated pasture and citrus pulp on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 87, 733-743.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry.9th Ed.National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Nworgu F.C. (2004). Utilization of forage meal supplements in broilers production. Ph D. Thesis. University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Oluremi O.I.A., Ojighen V.O. and Ejembi E.H. (2006). The nutritive potentials of sweet orange(Citrus sinensis) rind in broiler production. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5, 613-617.
Oluremi O.I.A., Okafor F.N., Adenkola A.Y. and Orayaga K.T. (2010). Effects of fermentation of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel on its phynutrients and the performance of broiler starter. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 9, 546-549.
Papadomichelakis G., Fegeros K. and Papadopoulos G. (2004). Digestibility and nutritive value of sugar beet pulp, soybean hulls, wheat bran and citrus pulp in rabbits. Epith.Zootech. Epist. 32, 15-27.
Pettersson D. and Aman P. (1989). Enzyme supplementation of a poultry diet containing wheat and rye. Br. J. Nutr. 62, 139-149.
Poynard T., Slama G., Delage A. and Tchobroutsky G. (1980). Pectin efficacy in insulin-treated diabetics assessed by the artificial pancreas. Lancet. 1, 158-165.
Prior R.L. (2003). Fruit and vegetables in the prevention of cellular oxidative damage. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 78, 570S-578S.
Rizal Y., Mahata M.E., Andriani M. and Wu G. (2010). Utilization of juice wastes as cornreplacement in broiler diet. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 9, 886-889.
SAS Institute (2005). SAS/STAT User's Guide for Personal Computer. Release 9.12 SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC., USA.
Schwartz S.E., Levine R.A., Weinstock R.S., Petokas S., Mills C.A. and Thomas F.D. (1988). Sustained pectin ingestion: Effect on gastric emptying and glucose tolerance in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 48, 1413-1417.
Shahelian R.M.D. (2005). Decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production by LPS-stimulated PBMC upon in vitro incubation with the flavonoids apigenin, luteolin or chrysin, due toselective elimination of monocytes/macrophages. Biochem. Pharmacol. 69, 241-248.
Tabook N.M., Kadim I.T., Mahgoub O. and Al-Marzooqi W. (2006). The effect of date fiber supplemented with an exogenous enzyme on the performance and meat quality of broilerchickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 47, 73-82.
