Growth Modeling and Genetic Analysis on Growth Traits of Sirohi Goat under Field Conditions
الموضوعات :ل. گاوتام 1 , ر.آ. کومار ناگدا 2 , ه. اشرف وایز 3
1 - Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Navania, Udaipur, India
2 - Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Navania, Udaipur, India
3 - Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Navania, Udaipur, India
الکلمات المفتاحية: heritability, growth traits, non-genetic factors, non-linear model, Sirohi goat,
ملخص المقالة :
The data on 6772 growth records of Sirohi goats maintained at All India Coordinated Research Projecton Sirohi goat at Livestock Research Station, Vallabhnagar, Udaipur, India, and recorded between 2004 and 2016, were analysed to study the growth related traits and their genetic control. The overall least squares means of body weight at birth, W3M, W6M, W9M, W12M, were 2.34 ± 0.03, 12.44 ± 0.19, 16.31 ± 0.22, 20.08 ± 0.47 and 25.09 ± 0.40 kg, respectively while least-squares means for pre- and post-weaning average daily gains were 113.66 ± 2.15 and 46.17 ± 0.94 g/day, respectively. The various non-genetic factors exhibited variable effects on the growth traits at different phases of age. Cluster and period of birth had significant effect on all growth traits. Season of birth had significant effect except birth weight. Summer born kids heavier and higher body weight and pre- and post-weaning gains than winter and rainy season born kids. Males had a higher weight and higher daily gain than females at almost all stages of growth. Kids of primiparous dams had significantly lower birth weight as compared to multiparous dams’ kids. Single born kids had a distinct advantage over those born in multiple births at all stages of growth. The regression on dam’s weight at kidding were positive significant for all stages of growth traits. The heritability estimates of all body weights and weight gains at different stages of growth were moderate (0.16-0.28), except for post-weaning average daily gain, which had low heritability (0.07±0.01). The phenotypic and genetic correlations among the different growth traits were positive and high, except for phenotypic correlation between pre- and post-weaning gains which was negative. Four non-linear growth models, viz., Gompertz, Brody, Logistic and Von Bertalanffy were used to describe the growth pattern in Sirohi kids based on the growth parameters. The highest R2 value and lowest mean absolute error (MAE), akaike’s information criteria (AIC) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values were observed in Brody model.
Arora A.L., Ved P., Gowane G.R. and Chopra A. (2011). Non-genetic variation in Sirohi goats. Indian Vet. J. 88, 35-36.
Balan C., Kathiravan G., Thiruvukkarasu M. and Jeichitra V. (2017). Non-linear growth modeling in Mecheri breed of sheep. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 5, 2005-2008.
Bates D.M. and Watts D.G. (1988). Nonlinear regression analysis and its applications. John Wileyand Sons Inc., New York.
Becker W.A. (1975). Manual of Quantitative Genetics. Program in Genetics, Washinton State University, Washnigton, USA.
Bertalanffy L.V. (1957). Quantitative laws in metabolism and growth. Q. Rev. Biol. 32, 217-230.
Brody S. (1945). Bioenergetics and Growth. Reinhold Publishing Corp, New York.
Brody S. (1964). Bioenergetics and Growth. Reinhold Publishing Corp, New York.
Burnham K.P. and Anderson D.R. (2004). Multi-model inference: understanding AIC and BIC in model selection. Soc. Methods Res. 33, 261-304.
Dudhe S.D., Yadav S.B.S., Nagda R.K. and Pannu U. (2015). Non genetic factors affecting growth traits of Sirohi goats under field conditions. Indian J. Small Rumin. 21, 226-229.
Ganesan R., Dhanavanthan P., Balasubramanyam P., Kumarasamy P. and Kiruthika K. (2015). Growth modeling and factors affecting growth traits in Madras red sheep. Indian J. Anim. Res. 49, 20-25.
Gowane G.R., Chopra A., Prakash V. and Arora A.L. (2011). Estimates of (co)variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits in Sirohi goat. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 43, 189-198.
Gupta J.P., Pandey D.P. and Shah R.R. (2016). Genetic studies on growth traits of Mehsana goat of Gujarat. Indian J. Anim. Res. 50, 164-167.
Hafez E.S.E. (1962). Reproduction in Farm Animals. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Harvey W.R. (1990). User’s Guide for LSML-PC-VERSION-2, Mixed Model Least Square Maximum Likelihood Program. Mine graph, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Husain S.S., Horst P. and Islam A.B.M.M. (1996). Study on the growth performance of Black Bengal goats in different periods. Small Rumin. Res. 21, 165-171.
Khadda B.S., Brijesh Singh D.V., Singh S.K., Singh C.B., Singh J.L., and Jyoti Palod G.B. (2017). Growth performance of Pantja goats under field conditions in their home tract. Indian J. Anim. Res. 3489, 1-6.
Kramer C.R. (1957). Extension of multiple range tests to group correlated adjusted means. Biometrics. 13, 13-18.
Kumar K.G., Thiruvenkadan A.K. and Karunanithi K. (2005). Factors affecting growth traits of Tellicherry kids in different season. Indian J. Small Rumin. 11, 88-89.
Kvalseth T.O. (1985). Cautionary note about R2. Am. Stat. 39, 279-285.
Laird A.K. (1965). Dynamics of relative growth. Growth. 29, 249-263.
Mandal A., Rout P.K. and Roy R. (2010). Estimates of genetic parameters for birth weight of Jakhrana goat. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 80, 49-52.
Mehta B.S., Singh S. and Khan B.U. (1997). Genetic studies on growth in Sirohi goats. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 67, 723-725.
Nelder J.A. (1961). The fitting of a generalization of the logistic curve. Biometrics.17, 89-110
Nimase R.G., Khandalkar Y.B. and Bangar Y.C. (2018). Non linear modeling for estimation of growth curve parameters in Madgyal sheep. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 6, 463-465.
Rai B., Singh M.K., Khan B.U. and Yadav M.C. (2004). Factors affecting growth traits in Marwari goat. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 74, 543-546.
Singh M.K., Rai B., Tiwari H.A. and Singh N.P. (2007). Non-genetics sources of variation affecting average daily gains in Jamunapari kids. Indian J. Small Rumin. 13, 144-150.
Singh M.K., Rai B. and Singh N.P. (2009). Environmental and genetic effects on growth traits in Jamunapari kids. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 79, 582-586.
Singh P., Singh M.K. and Singh S.K. (2013). Effect of non-genetic factors on body weights of Jamunapari goats. Indian J. Small Rumin. 19, 146-150.
Swiger L.A., Harvey W.R., Everson D.O. and Gregory K.E. (1964). The variance of intra-class correlation involving groups with one observation. Biometrics. 20, 818-824.
Tatar A.M., Tekel N., Õzkan M., Baritei I. and Dellal G. (2009). The determination of growth function in young hair goat. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 8, 213-216.
TopalM. andBolukbasiS.C. (2018). Comparisonofnonlinear growth curve models inbroiler chikens. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 8, 149-152.
Topal M., Ozdemir M., Aksalka V., Yildiz N. and Dorgru U. (2004). Determination of the best nonlinear function in order to estimate growth in Morkaraman and Awassi lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 55, 229-232.
Tyagi K.K., Patel M.D., Sorathiya L.M. and Fulsounder A.B. (2013). Body weight variability in Surti kids under field conditions. Indian J. Small Rumin. 15, 131-133.
Yadav J.S., Yadav M.C. and Khan B.U. (2008). Non-genetic factors affecting growth of Kutch goats. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 78, 1288-1290.