بررسی الگوی فضایی آسیب‌پذیری شهرها از زلزله و پیشنهاد الگوی بهینه (نمونه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)
الموضوعات :
1 - استادیار گروه جغرافیای دانشگاه پیام نور
الکلمات المفتاحية: زلزله, کرمانشاه, مدل‌سازی, واژگان کلیدی: الگوی فضایی آسیب‌پذیری,
ملخص المقالة :
چکیده حوادث طبیعی بیش از پیش سکونتگاه های انسانی به ویژه شهرهای بزرگ را با خطر بحران روبرو ساخته است. از یک سو، رشد شتابان شهرنشینی سبب بارگذاری و تراکم بیش از اندازه جمعیت، دارایی ها، تأسیسات زیربنایی، منابع تولیدی و خدماتی در شهرها شده و از سوی دیگر، عدم رعایت ظرفیت ها و استانداردها در ساخت و سازها و در برنامه ریزی و طراحی شهری باعث آسیب‌پذیر شدن شهرها شده است. از این رو، این پژوهش به مطالعه الگوی فضایی آسیب پذیری شهرها در زمان زلزله و ارائه الگوی بهینه در شهر کرمانشاه پرداخته است. روش پژوهش ترکیبی از روش‌های توصیفی و تحلیلی و نوع آن کاربردی است. اطلاعات مورد نیاز این پژوهش از طریق نتایج تفصیلی سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن، طرح‌های جامع و تفصیلی شهر کرمانشاه و همچنین استفاده از اسناد، مجله ها و کتاب های مرتبط با موضوع به دست آمده است. جهت تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزارهای AutoCAD، ArcGIS، Super Decisions و از مدل ANP که مدلی مناسب جهت پهنه بندی آسیب پذیری در مناطق شهری می باشد، استفاده شده است. نتایج این پژوهش معلوم کرد که مناطق مختلف شهر کرمانشاه به ویژه بخش های شمالی و جنوبی آن از لحاظ آسیب پذیری وضعیت مناسبی ندارند. بنابراین، نتایج این مطالعه می‌تواند به مدیریت بحران به ویژه جهت خدمات امداد و نجات و برنامه ریزان و طراحان شهری برای درک و اولویت بندی مسائل شهری و به ویژه ساماندهی بافت های فرسوده شهر و یافتن راه حل‌هایی برای رفع مشکلات کمک نماید.
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