ارزیابی و تحلیل ریسک آسیب پذیری اقتصادی و اجتماعی سکونتگاه های روستایی در برابر زلزله (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای بخش مرکزی شهرستان اردبیل)
الموضوعات :
کیومرث خداپناه
1
(استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: TOPSIS, زلزله, سکونتگاه های روستایی, اردبیل, آسیب پذیری اقتصادی و اجتماعی,
ملخص المقالة :
پهنه ایران به دلیل قرار گیری روی کمربند زلزله همواره در معرض خطر وقوع زلزله بوده است. شکل گیری گسل های بزرگ و وجود میدان های تنش فعال، ایران را مستعد وقوع زلزله ها کرده است. تحقیق حاضر، با توجه به ماهیت مسئله و موضوع مورد بررسی از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و هدف آن ارزیابی و تحلیل آسیب پذیری سکونتگاه های روستایی بخش مرکزی اردبیل در برابر زلزله می باشد، جامعه آماری پژوهش 34 روستای بخش مرکزی است که دارای 28272 نفر جمعیت و 8151 خانوار می باشد. حجم نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران، 356 نفر برآورد گردید. جهت ارزیابی آسیب پذیری روستاهای مورد مطالعه از دو شاخص و 14 نماگر بر اساس مطالعات سایر محققین بهره گرفته شد. روایی صوری پرسشنامه توسط متخصصین مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و پایایی کل آن بر اساس آلفای کرونباخ 87/0 برآورد گردید، نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که از نظر سطح آسیب پذیری لرزه ای با استفاده از مدل Topsis ، بیش از 73 درصد روستاها با ریسک آسیب پذیری اقتصادی و اجتماعی بالا و بسیار بالا در برابر خطر زلزله قرار دارند. محاسبه آسیب پذیری کلی روستاها در منطقه مورد مطالعه نشان می دهد که 41 درصد روستاها آسیب پذیری متوسط و 59 درصد آسیب پذیری بالا و بسیار بالا قرار دارند. ارزیابی آسیب پذیری سکونتگاه های روستایی منطقه، بیانگر آسیب پذیری بالا و خیلی بالا در روستاهای محدوده مورد مطالعه بوده و این تهدیدی جدی برای افزایش خطر در منطقه می باشد.
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