تحلیل آسیب‌پذیری و پهنه‌بندی شهر ایلام در برابر حملات هوایی از منظر پدافند غیرعامل
الموضوعات :
علی شماعی
1
(دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران)
امید لطیفی
2
(کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا وبرنامه ریزی دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران)
حسن حسینی امینی
3
(پژوهشگر مدیریت بحران و پدافند غیر عامل، تهران، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: ساختار, ایلام, آسیب‌پذیری, پدافندغیرعامل, حمله هوایی,
ملخص المقالة :
آسیب‌پذیری را می‌توان نقص ذاتی در ابعاد ویژه محیط شهر دانست که بنا به ویژگی‌های بیولوژیکی و فیزیکی و یا مشخصه‌های طراحی آن مستعد آسیب است بررسی ساختار‌های یک شهر و ریز‌پهنه‌بندی آسیب‌پذیری آن از منظر پدافندغیرعامل گامی است به سوی چشم-انداز آینده شهر ایمن. مسئله پژوهش حاضر چالش آسیب‌پذیری در در ساختار‌های شهری از منظر پدافند غیرعامل است و رویکرد مورد انتظار مدل‌سازی جهت شناسایی این زیرساخت‌ها است. قلمرو مطالعه حاضر؛ شهر ایلام در مرکز استان ایلام و به عنوان مرکز پشتیبان جنگ و شهر درگیر جنگ است است. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ روش‌شناسی توصیفی ـ تحلیلی مبتنی بر رویکرد مطالعات مکانی- مدلی است و شاخص‌هایی در قالب 10 دسته شناسایی شد و با استفاده از تحلیل ترکیبی AHPFUZZY-GIS وزن‌دهی نقشه‌های فواصل برای آن‌ها طراحی و با استفاده از ابزار Inverse Distance Weighting استاندارد شد. برای توزیع فضایی و بررسی آسیب‌پذیری پدافندی از ابزار FUZZY OVERLAY در نرم‌افزار ArcGIS استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که در بررسی شاخص‌های مورد مطالعه شاخص مراکز انتظامی و انبار با وزن 0.116 و 0.113 به عنوان مهم‌ترین شاخص در زمینه پدافند غیرعامل شناسایی شدند .
References
Amanpour, Saeed, Parvizian, Alireza, Alizadeh, Mehdi, (1394). Assessing the status of development in the cities of Ilam province. Ilam Culture Magazine, [In Persian], Volume 16, 48, 49, Winter.
Behtash, Farzad; Aghababaei, Mohammad Reza; Aghababaei, Mohammad Taghi, (1390). Concepts of passive defense in urban management with emphasis on the city of Tehran. Daneshshahr Magazine, [In Persian], No. 37, Tehran Studies and Planning Center.
Parizi Meymandi, Sedigheh; Kazeminia, Abdolreza, (2014) Vulnerability zoning of Kerman city based on the principles of passive defense. Land Management Journal, [In Persian], Volume 7, Number 1, Pages 144-119.
Taghvaei, Massoud, Jozi Khoslavi, Ali, (2012) Crisis management and planning in urban spaces with passive defense approach and SWOT model; Case Study: Marching Routes in Isfahan, Journal of Spatial Planning, [In Persian], Volume: 2, Issue: 6, Article COI: JR_GPS-2-6_004 Page 14.
Heidarinia, Saeed, (2014) Assessing the spatial requirements of critical and sensitive land uses from the perspective of passive defense studied in Ahvaz. Master Thesis, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, [In Persian].
Khmer, Gholam Ali, Saleh Gohari, Hesamuddin, Hosseini, Zahra, (2014) Feasibility study of urban shelter location using IO model and AHP method Case study of 13 neighborhoods in region one of Kerman city. [In Persian], Journal of Urban Planning Studies, Second Year, No. 7.
Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar, (1351) Dehkhoda Dictionary, Volume 4, Institute of Printing and Publishing, University of Tehran, Tehran, pp. 37 and 38, [In Persian].
Siami, Qadir; Latifi, Gholamreza; Taghinejad, Kazem; Zahedi Kolaki, Ebrahim, (2013) Defensive pathology of urban structure using AHP and GIS hierarchical analysis Gorgan case study. [In Persian], Journal of Spatial Planning, Year 3, Issue 10, Pages 42-21, 2013.
Ashuri, Fariba, (2016), Identifying the pattern of livability indices in coastal cities Case study: Tonekabon city, [In Persian], Master Thesis, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran.
Alizadeh, Mehdi, (2016) Vulnerability assessment of Koohdasht urban infrastructure with emphasis on passive defense. [In Persian], Master Thesis, Geography and Urban Planning, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
Alizadeh, Mehdi, (2016) Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Infrastructure of Kuhdasht, Journal of Land Management, [In Persian], Fifth Year, Tenth Issue, Fall and Winter.
Faraji Sabkbar, Hassan Ali; Omidipour, Morteza; Modiri, Mehdi; Bastami Nia, Amir, (2014) Presenting a vulnerability zoning model of Ahvaz city using a profile-based options sorting model (ssp). [In Persian], Crisis Management Quarterly, No. 6.
Ghaed Rahmati, Safar, Khadem Al-Husseini, Ahmad, Siavashi, Tahereh, (2013) Analysis of the risk of earthquake in Lorestan urban settlements. [In Persian], Journal of Regional Geography and Urban Planning No. 9 Winter.
Qanavati, Ezatullah, Qalami, Shabnam and Asghar Abdoli, (2009), Empowering Urban Crisis Management to Reduce Natural Disasters (Earthquake); Case Study of Khorramabad, [In Persian], Quarterly Journal of Natural Geography, First Year, No. 4.
Kiani, Akbar, Fazelnia, Gharib, Salari Sardari, Farzali (2013) A Comparative Comparison of Traditional and New Urban Management Approach in Iran, [In Persian], Journal: Urban Ecological Research, Volume 4, Number 8, Fall and Winter, pp. 81-100
Mohammadi Deh Cheshmeh, Mustafa. (1392). Passive urban safety and defense. [In Persian], Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Publications.
Mohammadi Deh Cheshmeh, Mustafa; Heydariania, Saeed; (1394). Spatial modeling of the proximity of special uses from the perspective of passive defense in the metropolis of Ahvaz. [In Persian], Spatial Planning and Planning Quarterly, Volume 19, Number 2, Summer, pp. 211-236.
Alexander, D, ” Disaster Management: From Theory to Implementation”, Journal Of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1,2, pp. 49-59, 2007.
Goehhering , A. (2009). Analytical methods to enhance passive urban design.26th conference in passive and low energy architecture, Quebec City, Canada.
Hossein A, Hassan; A, competent, Brnafr, M. (2010), evaluating the structure Langeroud Passive defense planning, applied research journal Science, Geography, year, pp. 18, No. 15149, -129[in persian]
ISDR, " 2008 The Structure Role and Mandate of Civil Protection in Disaster Risk Reduction for South Eastern Europe",.
J. Johansson, H. Hassel, An approach for modelling interdependent infrastructures in the context of vulnerability analysis, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 95 (2010) 133 – 139.
La Rosa, D., Martinico, F., 2013. Assessment of hazards and risks for landscape protection planning in Sicily. J. Environ. Manage. 127 (Supplement), S155–S167
Leritina, G., Hauskenc, K..Preventive strike vs. (2011) false targets and protection in the fence strategy. Reliability engineering and system safety, vol96, issue8 (p.912-924(.
Li, A; Nozick, L; Xu, N. and Davidson, R,: (2012) Shelter location and transportation planning under hurricane conditions, School of civil and environmental engineering, Cornell university, transportation research part, No 48: pp 715–729,.
Li, D., Zhang, C., Pizzol, L., Critto, A., Zhang, H., Lv, S., Marcomini, A., 2014. Egional risk assessment approaches to land planning for industrial polluted areas in China: the Hulunbeier region case study. Environ. Int. 65, 16–32 .
Pan, J., Wei, H., 2015. Blue Book of Cities in China: Annual Report on Urban Development of China No. 8. Social Sciences Academic Press, Beijing, China .
Pasman, H., Reniers, G., 2014. Past, present and future of Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) and the incentive it obtained from Land-Use Planning (LUP). J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. 28, 2–9.
Quarol, M. ( 2005), Does democracy preempt civil wars? Journal of politician Economy. vol. 21. London. P8.
Schmidtlein , M.(2011). Modeled earthquake losses and social vulnerability in Charleston, South Carolina. Applied Geography, 31, 269- 281.
T.E. Palmatier, Building secure critical infrastructures, Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. Prot. 6 (2013) 85–86.
Tang, A. & Wen, A,: (2009) An intelligent simulation system for earthquake disaster assessment, Computers & Geosciences, 35, 871– 87.
Zhao .M , Liu .X, 2016, Regional risk assessment for urban major hazards based on GIS geoprocessing to improve public safety, Safety Science 87 (2016) 18–24.
