ابتکار «جاده ابریشم سلامت»: زمینه ساز نفوذ چین در حکمرانی سلامت جهانی

الموضوعات : فصلنامه علمی تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللی

محسن کشوریان آزاد ¹ , محمد جولانی ²

1 - استادیار مدعو گروه روابط بین الملل
2 - گروه روابط بین الملل. دانشکده علوم انسانی. دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. تهران. ایران

تاريخ الإرسال : 14 السبت , جمادى الثانية, 1444 تاريخ التأكيد : 25 الأحد , صفر, 1445 تاريخ الإصدار : 07 الأربعاء , صفر, 1445

الکلمات المفتاحية: چین, نفوذ, حکمرانی, جاده ابریشم سلامت, سلامت جهانی,

ملخص المقالة :

پکن در حوزه اقتصادی، تجاری، مالی و پولی، فناوری و سایبری برای افزایش تقویت جایگاه خود در حکمرانی جهانی سازوکارهایی ایجاد کرد. در ادامه ابتکارات و طرح‌های چین برای نفوذ در حکمرانی جهانی، حوزه سلامت به‌عنوان یکی از محورهای سیاست خارجی چین تبدیل‌شد. هدف این مقاله تبیین جاده ابریشم سلامت و زمینه‌های نفوذ چین در حکمرانی سلامت جهانی است و به این پرسش پاسخ داده که طرح ابتکار جاده ابریشم سلامت چین چگونه زمینه‌ساز نفوذ این کشور در حکمرانی سلامت جهانی شده است؟ در پاسخ فرض بر آن است که جاده ابریشم سلامت چین به‌عنوان ابتکار نوظهور دیپلماتیک از طریق توسعه همکاری جنوب-جنوب، ایجاد سازوکارهای نهادی، مشارکت راهبردی دوجانبه و چندجانبه، و اتصال بخش سلامت با بخش اقتصاد، فناوری و ابتکار یک کمربند و یک راه، منجر به ترویج شبکه‌ی همکاری بهداشتی در جهان شده و زمینه‌ها‌ی نفوذ پکن را در حکمرانی سلامت جهانی فراهم آورده است. روش پژوهش تحلیلی-تبیینی است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که چین سازوکار حکمرانی موٍثر را جهت پیشبرد مدیریت مشترک و همکاری‌جویانه در سلامت جهانی ایجاد کرده است.

المصادر:

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9

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Regional Programme Political Dialogue and regional Integration in the Southern Mediterranea«, Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Available at: https://www.kas.de/en/web/poldimed/single-title/-/content/china-s-health-silk-road-diplomacy-in-the-mena, 2020/07/22.

Zoubir, Y. H, & Emilie, T. (2022). China’s health silk road in the Middle East and North Africa amidst COVID-19 and a Contested World Order, Journal of Contemporary China, 31(135), 335-350.

Adams, V., Thomas E. N.y, & Leslie, H. (2008). Global health diplomacy, Medical anthropology, 27(4), 315-323.

Alcorn, T. (2015). New orientation for China's health assistance to Africa, The Lancet, 386(10011) .

Calabrese, J. (2022). China’s Health Silk Road and the BRI Agenda in the Middle East, The Middle East Institute, Available at: https://www.mei.edu/publications/chinas-health-silk-road-and-bri-agenda-middle-east#_ftn6,2022/01/11.

Cao, J. (2020). Toward a Health Silk Road: China’s Proposal for Global Health Cooperation, China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 6(01), 19-35.

China and ASEAN (2019). China and ASEAN: Together for Vision 2030,” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Available at: https://www.Fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_ eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/zwbd_665378/t1641437.shtml, 2019/02/27.

Chow-Bing, N. (2020). COVID-19, Belt and Road Initiative and the Health Silk Road:Implications for Southeast Asia, Friedrich Ebert Foundation, Available at: https://asia.fes.de/news/health-silk-road-pub, 2020/10/01.

Gauttam, P., Bawa, S., & Jaspal, K. (2020). COVID-19 and Chinese global health diplomacy: Geopolitical opportunity for China’s hegemony?, Millennial Asia, 11(3), 318-340.

Guoxiu, W. (2018). Building the Silk Road with Health, CGTN, Available at: https://news.cgtn.com/news/7a556a4d35457a6333566d54/index.html, 2018/06/26.

Huang, Y. (2022). The health silk road: How China adapts the belt and road initiative to the covid-19 pandemic.

American Journal of Public Health, 112(4), 567-569.‏ Jing, X., Peilong, L., & Guo, Y. (2011). Health Diplomacy in China. Global health governance, Global Health Governance, 4(2).

Kickbusch, I., & Austin, L. (2022). Global health diplomacy—reconstructing power and governance, The Lancet, 2156-2166. Leqesne, C., & Wang, E. (2020). Covid-19: Lessons from China’s public diplomacy in the EU, The Conversation, Available at: https://theconversation.com/covid-19-lessons-from-chinas-public-diplomacy-in-the-eu-140890, 2020/06/24.

Li, A. (2011). Chinese medical cooperation in Africa: with special emphasis on the medical teams and anti-malaria campaign, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet; Peking University, School of International Studies.

Liang Fook, L. (2020). The Fight Against COVID-19: China’s Shifting Narrative and Southeast Asia, Yusof ishak institute, Available at: https:// www. iseas. edu. sg/ wpcontent /uploads/ 2020/02/ISEAS_Perspective_2020_26.pdf, 2020/04/07

. McKinsey, M. (2020). How COVID-19 has pushed companies over the technology tipping point—and transformed business forever , Mckinsey Company, Available at: https://www. mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/how-covid-19-has-pushed-companies-over-the-technology-tipping-point-and-transformed-business-forever, 2020/10/05.

Muratbekova, A. (2020). China’s post-pandemic Digital Silk Road, Eurasian research institute, Available at: https://www.eurasian-research.org/publication/chinas-post-pandemic-digital-silk-road, 2020/10/01. National Health Commission )2017). Beijing Communiqué of The Belt and Road Health Cooperation & Health Silk Road, Available at: http://en.nhc.gov.cn/2017-08/18/c_72257.htm, 2017/08/18.

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Peilong, L., Yan, G., Qian, X., Tang, SH., Zhihui, L., & Lincoln, C. (2014). China's distinctive engagement in global health, The Lancet, 384(9945), 793-804.

Ranaraja, Y., & Majueran, M. (2020). Is the 'Health Silk Road' a 'debt-trap' of China's BRI for Sri Lanka?, CGTN, Available at: https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-04-25/Is-the-Health-Silk-Road-a-debt-trap-of-China-s-BRI-for-Sri-Lanka--PXqPCPd7Ta/index.html, 2020/04/25.

Rudolf, M. (2021). China’s Health Diplomacy during Covid-19:The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Action, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (German Institute for International and Security Affairs), Available at: https://www.swp-berlin.org/10.18449/2021C09/, 2021/01/26.

Scaria, S. (2021). Where MENA businesses are planning to invest in China's Belt and Road projects«, Zawya, Available at: https://www.zawya.com/en/wealth/where-mena-businesses-are-planning-to-invest-in-chinas-belt-and-road-projects-ik0qe4g6, 2021/02/11.

State Council (2020). Fighting COVID-19: China in Action, The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China, Available at: english.scio.gov.cn/whitepapers/2020-06/07/content_76135269.htm, 2020/06/07.

Stephen, T., Curtis, L., Fitt, J., & Goldberg, C. (2021). Positive Visions,Powerful Partnerships: The Keys to Competing with China in a Post-Pandemic Indo-Pacific, Center for a New American Security, Available at: https://www.cnas.org/publications/reports/positive-visions-powerful-partnerships,2021/03/31.

Xinhua (2020). Joint China-Argentina Energy Project Boosts Health Silk Road«, Xinhua News, Available at: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-05/21/c139074643.htm, 2020/05/21.

Xinhua (2020). Speech by President Xi Jinping at opening of 73rd World Health Assembly, http://www.xinhuanet.com, Available at:http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-05/18/c_ 139067018.htm, 2020/05/18.

Yixiang, X. (2020). Reviving China’s Health Silk Road Initiative? Battle of Narratives and Challenges for Transatlantic Leadershi«, American Institute for Contemporary German Studies (AICGS), Available at: https://www.aicgs.org/2020/03/reviving-chinas-health-silk-road-initiative-battle-of-narratives-and-challenges-for-transatlantic-leadership/, 2020/03/30.

Yuan, S. (2023). The Health Silk Road: A Double-Edged Sword? Assessing the Implications of China's Health Diplomac

y under Covid-19.‏ Zeng, W., Mengli, D., & Hongsong, L. (2023). China’s health silk road construction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Global Public Health, 18(1), 2185799.‏ Zoubir, Y. H. (2020). China’s ‘Health Silk Road’ Diplomacy in the MENA, Regional Programme Political Dialogue and regional Integration in the Southern Mediterranea«, Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Available at: https://www.kas.de/en/web/poldimed/single-title/-/content/china-s-health-silk-road-diplomacy-in-the-mena, 2020/07/22.

Zoubir, Y. H, & Emilie, T. (2022). China’s health silk road in the Middle East and North Africa amidst COVID-19 and a Contested World Order, Journal of Contemporary China, 31(135), 335-350.