بررسی اثر پوشش‌دهی بذر با مواد شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی بر جوانه‌زنی بذر زیره سبز (Cuminum Cyminum L.)
الموضوعات :
سارا بیدل
1
(جهاد دانشگاهی کاشمر)
الکلمات المفتاحية: جوانه‌زنی, زیره سبز, مواد شیمیایی, پوشش دهی بذر, مواد بیولوژیک,
ملخص المقالة :
به منظور بررسی اثر پوشش‌دهی بذر با مواد شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی بر جوانه‌زنی زیره سبز، این تحقیق در دو بخش مجزا به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در آزمایشگاه و گلخانه تحقیقاتی موسسه جهاد دانشگاهی کاشمر در سال 98-1397 انجام شد. در بخش گلخانه عامل اول شامل مواد شیمیایی (قارچکش لامادور، قارچکش کربوکسیل تیرام، قارچکش توپسین ام، حشره‌کش گائوچو، حشره‌کش کروز) و مواد بیولوژیکی (قارچ تریکوفارم، باکتری بایوفارم و باکتری پروبیو96) و عامل دوم کاربرد خاک معمولی و خاک حاوی فوزاریوم بود. در بخش آزمایشگاهی عامل اول شامل مواد شیمیایی (مشابه گلخانه) و مواد بیولوژیکی (مشابه گلخانه) و عامل دوم کاربرد سه دمای 5، 10 و 25 درجه سانتی‌گراد بود. نتایج آزمایشگاه نشان داد که اثر پوشش‌دهی، دما و اثر متقابل آن‌ها بر طول گیاهچه، درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی و شاخص طولی بنیه بذر در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین طول گیاهچه (5/7 سانتی‌متر) مربوط به بذر بوجاری نشده در دمای 10 درجه سانتی‌گراد و کم‌ترین آن (3/1 سانتی‌متر) در بذر بوجاری شده + قارچکش کربوکسین تیرام + حشره کش گائوچو بود. هم‌چنین نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین درصد جوانه‌زنی (245/0 درصد) مربوط به بذر بوجاری نشده در دمای 5 درجه سانتی‌گراد است. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که در آزمایشگاه تیمار شاهد در دمای 10 درجه سانتی‌گراد جهت حصول درصد جوانه‌زنی و بنیه بذری بالاتر و در گلخانه استفاده از باکتری‌های محرک رشد حهت حصول صفات مطلوب جوانه‌زنی توصیه می‌شود
Abbasi, M.K., Sharif, S., Kazmi, M., Sultan, T. and Aslam, M. 2011. Isolation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from wheat rhizosphere and their effect on improving growth, yield and nutrient uptake of plants. Plant Biosystems, 145 (1): 159-168.
Abdul-Baki, A. A., Anderson, J.D. 1970. Viability and leaching of sugars from germinatin barley. Crop Science, 10: 31-35.
Abdullaev, F.I. and Espinosa-Aguirre, J.J. 2004. Biomedical properties of saffron and its potential use in cancer therapy and chemoprevention trials. Cancer Detection and Prevention, 28: 426–432.
Agrawal, P.K. 1993. Hand Book of Seed Technology. Department of Agriculture and Cooperation. National Seed Corporation Ltd., New Delhi.
Amini Dehaghi, M. and Mollafilabi, A. 2010. Effects of Different Rate of N Fertilizer on Physiological Indices of Growth and Yield Components of Cumin. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic plants. Acta Horticulturae, 853: 69-72.
Astarai, A.R. and Kochaki, A. 1996. Application of permanent biological fertilizers. Ferdosi Mashhad University, Mashhad, Iran.
Azizi, A. and Omid-beigi. R. 2001. Effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on growth, yield and hypericin content of St. John, s Wort. Iranian Journal of Agricalture Science, 32 (4): 719-725.
Baker, R. 1988. Trichoderma sp. As plant-growth Stimulants. Critical reviewes in biotechnology, 7: 97-196.
Bassioiny, S. S. and Hassanien, F.R. 1990. Efficiency of antioxidants from natural sources in bakery products. Food Chemistry, 37: 297-305.
Bertelsen, J.R., de Neergaard, E., and Smedegaard-Petersen, V. 2001. Fungicides effect of azoxystrobin and epoxiconazole on phyllosphere fungi, senescence and yield of winter wheat. Plant Pathology, 50:190-205.
Biswas, J.C., Ladha, J.K., Dazzo, F.B., Yanni, Y.G., and Rolfe, B.G. 2000. Rhizobial inoculation influences seedling vigor and yield of rice.. Agronomy journal, 92: 880-886.
Boskabady, M.H., Kiani, S. and Azizi, H. 2005. Relaxant effect of Cuminum cyminum L. on guinea pig tracheal chains and its possible mechanism(s). Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 37(2): 111-115.
Cakmakci, R., Erat, M., Erdoman, U.G., and Donmez, M.F. 2007 . The influence of PGPR on growth parameters, antioxidant and pentose phosphate oxidative cycle enzymes in wheat and spinach plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 170: 288-295.
Carruba, A., Latorre, R. and matranga, A. 2002. Cultivar trials of some aromatic and medicinal plant in semiarid mediteranean environment.proceeding of an international conference on MAP.Acta horticulture (ISHS), 576:207-213.
Chanddula, R. P. , Mathur, S.C. and Strivatson, R.K. 1970. Cumin cultivation in Rajastan. India Farming, July:13-16.
Chandhary, G. R., and Gupta, O.P. 1982. Effect of weed control, sowing method and Nitrogen application on growth and quality of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Haryana. Agronomy Journal, 5: 79-82.
Chang, Y.C., Baker, R. Kleifeld, O. and Chet, I. 1986. Increased growth of plants in the presence of the biological control agant Tricoderma harzianum. Plant Diesease, 70: 145-148.
Chen, J. 2006. The combind use of chemical and organic fertilizers and /or biofertilizer for crop growth and soil fertility. International Workshop on Sustained Management of the Soil–Rhizosphere System for Efficient Crop Production and Fertilizer Use, 11, 16-20.
Clark, S.M., and Scott, D.J. 1982. Effects of carboxin, benomyl and captan on the germination of wheat during the post harvest dormancy period. Seed Science and Technology, 10:87-94.
Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Clombia University Press. New York, pp. 846-849.
Copeland, L. and Mcdonald, M.B. 2008. Principles of seed science and technology. Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 488 pp.
Darzi, A. 2009. Science-fimedicine: an odyssey, BMJ, 339.
Deaker, R., Roughley, R.J. and Kennedy, I.R. 2004. Legume seed inoculation technology: a review.
Dimmock, J.P.R.E., and Gooding, M.J. 2002. The effect of fungicides on Hagberg falling number and blackpoint in winter wheat. Crop Protection, 21:475-487.
Dobbelaere, S., Vanderleyden, J., and yacovokon, Y. 2003. Plant growth-promoting effects of diazotrophs in the rhizosphere. Critical Review Plant Science, 22: 107-149.
Elias, S. 2007. Seed quality testing. In: Handbook of seed science and technology. Pp: 561-602. By: Basra, A. S.(Ed.), Scientific Publishers, India. p.702.
Elkoca, E., Kantar, F., and Sahin, F. 2008. Influence of nitrogen fixing and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on the nodulation plant growth and yield of chickpea. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31: 157-171.
Ellis, R.H, Hong, T.D and Roberts, E.H. 1987. The development of desication, tolerance and maximum seed quality during seed maturation in six grain legumes. Annals of Botany, 59:23-29.
EL-sawi, S. A Mohamed, .M. A. 2002. Cumin herb as a new source of Essential oils and its response to failer sporay with some micro-elements. Food chemistry, 77(1):75-80.
Eminpour ,R and Mossavi, S. F.1995. journal of Agriculture Science and Natural Source of Esfahn University,1,45.
Esfandiari, T. 2010. Effects of planting date and irrigation date on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L). Master Thesis of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University (Birjand).
Evanse W, Trease C, Evan S. 1996. Pharmacognosy. 14th ed. London: Saunders Company Ltd, p. 267-8.
Farage, R.S., Daw, Z.Y., Hewedi, F.M. and El-Baroty, G.S.A. 1989. Antimicrobial activity of some Egyptian spice essential oils. Journal of Food Protection, 52: 665-667.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A. and Kadambot Siddique, H.M. 2012. Micronutrient application through seed treatments a review. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 12 (1): 125-142.
Gad, W.M. 2001. Physiological studies on Foeniculum vulgare and Anethum graveolense. M.Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr ELSheikh, Tanta University, Egypt.
Gagandeep. 2003. Chemopreventive effects of Cuminum cyminum in chemically induced forestomach and uterine cervix tumors in Murine Model Systems. Journal of Nutrition and Cancer, 47(2): 171-180.
Gary, B., Burma, Uday, K. and Kathju, S. 2002. Responses of Cumin to salt strees. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 7: 70-74.
Ghasemi, S., Ahmadzadeh, S., Torabi, S., and Hosseini, M. 2018. Improvement of the yield and quality of wheat by seed treatment of biological fertilizers Biofarm and Probio96 under field conditions. Iranian Journal of seed science and technology, 7(2):143-152.
Ghassemi, G., and Esmaeilpour, B. 2008. The effect of salt priming on the performance of differentially matured cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seeds. Journal of Notulae Botanicae.
Gholami, A., Shahsavani, S., and Nezarat, S. 2009. The Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on germination, seedling growth and yield of maize. Proceedings of Word Academy of Science. Engineering and Technology, 37: 2070-3740.
Glick, B.R. 1998. A model for the lowering of plant ethylene concentration by PGPR. Journal of Theorical and Biology, 190: 63-68.
Gray, D., and Finch-Savage, W.E. 1994. Timing of vegetable production-the role of crop establishment and forecasting techniques. Acta Horticultural, 371: 29-36.
Griffe, P., Metha, S. and Shankar, D. 2003. Organic Production of edicinal, Aromatic and Dye-Yielding Plants: forward, preface and introduction. FAO.
Gunther, E. 1982. The Essential oil. Robert E. Kpiegger Publishing, Malbar, Florida. 9:37-42.
Gupta, M.L, Prasad, A., Ram, M. and Kumar, S. 2002. Effect of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus fasiculatum on the essential oil yield related characters and nutrient acquisition in the crops of different cultivars of Menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) under field conditions. Bioresource Technology, 81: 77 - 9.
Gupta, N., and Rutaray, S. 2005. Growth and development of AM fungi and maize under salt and acid stress. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica - Section B Soil and Plant Science, 55: 151-157.
Hafeez, F.Y., Safdar, M.E., Chaudry, A.U., and Malik, K.A. 2004. Rhizobial inoculation improves seedling emergence, nutrient uptake and growth of cotton. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44: 617-622.
Halmer, P. 2005. Ornamental bedding plant industry and plug production, p. 27–38.
Halva, M.C. and Herrera. E. 1999. Influence of agronomical factors on yield components of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Food Product Press, Newyork. P. 3.
Hampton, J.G., and TeKrony, D.M. 1995. Handbook of Vigour Test Methods (3rdEd.) International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). Zurich, Switzerland. 214 pp.
Harris, D. 1996. The effects of manure, genotype, seed priming, depth and date of sowing on the emergence and early growth of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in semi-arid Botswana. Soil and Tillage Research, 40: 73-88.
Hernandez, A.N., Hernandez, A., and Heydrich, M. 1995. Selection of rhizobacteria for use in maize cultivation. Journal of Tropicale Science, 6: 5-8.
Hornok, W. 1992. Gyogynovenyrk termesztese es feldolgozasa. Mezogazdasagi, Kiado, Budapest, pp. 331.
ISTA (International Seed Testing Association). 2008. Handbook of Vigor test methods.2nd ed. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland. (Handbook).
ISTA (International Seed Testing Association). 2009. International Rules for Seed Testing International Seed Testing Association. Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
Jangir, R.P. and Singh, R. 1996. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen on seed yield of cumin (Cuminum cymimum). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 41: 140-143.
Kafi, M. 1990. Study of the effect of weed control frequency, row spacing and density on cumin growth and yield. Master Thesis in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
Kapoor, R., Giri, B. and Mukerji, K.G. 2004. Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in foeniculum vulgare Mill on mycorrhizal inoculation supplemented with P-fertilizer. Bioresource Technology, 93: 307 - 11.
Kephart, K.D., Wichman, D.M., Topinka, K. and Kirkland, K.J. 2004. Seeding date and polymer seed coating effects on plant establishment and yield of fall seeded canola in the Northern Great Plains. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 84: 955-963.
Khan, A.G. 2006. Mycorrhizoremediation-an enhanced form of phytoremediation. Journal of Zhejiang University of science and biology, 7: 503-514.
Khan, M.R., Talukdar, N.C. and Thakuria, D. 2003. Detection of Azospirillum and PSB in rice rhizosphere soil by protein and antibiotic resistance profile and their effect on grain yield of rice. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 2: 246-250.
Kloepper, J.W., Zablowicz, R.M., Tipping, B. and Lifshitz, R. 1991. Plant growth mediated by bacterial rhizosphere colonizers. PP. 315-326. In: Keister, D. L. and B. Gregan (Eds.), The Rhizosphere and Plant Growth, BARC Symposium.
Mahdavi, H., Maleki Farahani, S., Chegini, M.A., and Besharati, H. 2016. Effect of seed coating and pelleting with plant growth promoting rihzobacteria on germination and seedling growth of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Faculty of Agriculture ,University of Shahed, Tehran, Iran.
Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, 2nd ed. Academic Press, London, UK.
Mazandarani, M. Soleimani, H., and Ahmadi Golsefidi, M. 2004. Comparison of quantity and quality of active ingredients of cumin essential oil in Golestan and Khorasan provinces, Proceedings of the First National Cumin Conference, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar Branch. 122-121.
Mc Donald, M.B. 1980. Vigor test subcommittee report Assocation of Official Seed Analysis Newslatter. 54 (1): 37-40.
McDonald, M.B. and Copland, O.L. 1997. Seed production principle and practice. Chapman.
Monitoba. 2003. Agrbiculture; nerb and spice industry over view executive summary to organic production available from U R L.
Momeni, Kh., Mahmoudi, S., Moradi, A., and Rezaei, R. 2017. Effect of Bioprime, Hormone Prime and Seed Coverage on Germination Characteristics of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Mashhad, Iran.
Morgan, J.A.W., Bending, G.D. and White, P.J. 2005. Biological costs and benefits to plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere. journal of Experimental Botany, 56 (417): 1729–1739.
O'sullivan, D.J. and O'Gara, F. 1992. Traits of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Involved in suppression of plant root pathogens. Microbiological Reviews, 56(4): 662-676.
Omid Beigi, R. 1997. Approaches to the production and processing of medicinal plants, Volume II, Publishing Designers Publications, 424 p.
Pal, S.S. 1998. Interaction of an acid tolerant strain of phosphate solubilizing bacteria with a few acid tolerant crops. Plant and Soil, 198: 169-177.
Penrose D.M., and Glick, B.R. 2003. Methods for isolating and characterizing ACC deaminase- ontaining plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Plant Physiology, 118: 10-15.
Pereira, G.J.G., Milina, S.M.G., Lea, P.J., and Azevido, R.A. 2002. Activity of antioxidant enzymes in response to cadmium in crotalaria juncea. Plant and Soil, 239: 123-132.
Rafati, A. 2005. Study of the effect of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative changes in essential oil of Artemisia milleira, Master Thesis, Faculty of Science, Azad University, North Tehran Branch.
Ramakrishnan, K. and Selvakumar, G. 2012. Effect of biofertilizers on enhancement of growth and yield on Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). International Journal of Research in Botany, 2(4): 20-23.
Randhawa, H.S., Sharma, H.L., Kaur, J., and Dhaliwal, A.S. 1985. Effect of fungicides on germination and seed mycoflora on wheat under different storage conditions. Pesticides, 19:36-38.
Ray chaudhuri, S.P. 1992. Recent advances in medicinal aromatic and spice crops (Volum-1). Today and Tomarrows printer publishers. New Delhi.
Rigby, D., and Caceres, D. 2001 .Organic farming and the sustainability of agricultural systems. Agricultural Systems, 68:21-40.
Rojhan, M.S. 1982. Cure with medicinal plants. Tehran: Atrak Publication, p. 129.
Saadat, F., and Ehteshami, M.R. 2016. Effect of seed coating with growth promoting bacteria and micronutrients on germination characteristics of corn. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Research, 3 (2): 81-94.
Salantur, A., Ozturk, A., and Akten, S. 2006. Growth and yield response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to inoculation with rhizobacteria. Plant Soil and Environment, 52 (3): 111–118.
Saleh, M., and Al-Garni, S. 2006. Increased heavy metal tolerance of cowpea plant by dual inoculation of an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixer Rhizobium bacterium. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(2): 133-142.
Satyanarayana, S., Sushruta, K., Sarma, G.S., Srinivas, N. and Subba Raju, G.V. 2004. Antioxidant activity of the aqueous extracts of spicy food additives-evaluation and comparison with ascorbic acid in in-vitro systems. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy, 4(2): 1-10.
Scott, S.J., Jones, R.A. and Willams, W.A. 1984. Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Science, 24: 1192-1199.
Shaharoona, B., Arshad, M.Z., Zahir, A. and Khalid, A. 2006. Performance of Pseudomonas spp. containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the presence of nitrogenous fertilizer. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38: 2971-2975.
Sharaf, M.S. 1995. Response of some medicinal plants to inoculation with a symbiotic N2- fixer. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
Sharma, A.K. 2002. Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios, India, 4.
Shasany, A.K., Saika, D., and Khanuja, S.P.S. 2003. Medicinal plant trade, value addition and biotechnology. Proceeding of First National Interactive Meet on Medicinal and Aromatic plant (eds. A.k. mather et al.) Cimap, Lucknow, UP, Indian. P. 68-70.
Shaukat, K., Affrasayab, S., and Hasnain, S. 2006. Growth responses of Helianthus annus to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria used as a biofertilizer. Journal of Agriculture Research, 1 (6): 573-581.
Shetty, R.S., singhal, R.S. and kulkarin, P.R. 1994. Antimaicrobial properties of Cumin. Journal of Microbial Biotechnology, 10 (2):232-233.
Steinegger, E., and Hansel, R. 1968. Lehrbuch der pharmacognosie auf phytochemischer grundlage. Berlin: Springer.
Sturz, A.V. and Christie, B.R. 2003. Beneficial microbial allelopathies in the root zone: the management of soil quality and plant disease with rhizobacteria. Soil and Tillage Research, 72:107-123.
Sundara, B., Natarajan, V. and Hari, K. 2002. Influence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on the changes in soil available phosphorus and sugarcane and sugar yield. Field Crops Research, 77: 43-49.
Tilak, K.V.B.R., Ranganayaki, N.R., Pal, De., Saxena, A.K., Shekhar Nautyal, C., Mittal, S., Tripathi, A.K. and Johri, B.N. 2005. Dirersity of plant growth and soil health supporting bacteria. Current Science, 89: 136-150.
Thippeswamy, N. and Naidu, K. 2005. Antioxidant potency of cumin varieties-cumin, black cumin and bitter cumin - on antioxidant systems. European Food Research and Technology, 220 (5-6): 472-76.
Turan, M.A., Elkarim, A.H.A., Taban, N., and Taban, S. 2010. Effect of salt stress on growth and ion distribution and accumulation in shoot and root of maize plant. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5: 584-588.
Vessey, J.K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizer. Plant Soil, 255(2), 571-586.
Windauer, L., Altuna, A. and Benech-Arnold, R. 2007. Hydritime analysis of Lesquerellafendleri seed germination responses to primingtreatments. Industrial Crops and Products, 25, 70-74.
Zahir, A.Z., Arshad, M. and Frankenberger (Jr.), W.F. 2004. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: applications and perspectives in agriculture. Advances in Agronomy, 81: 97-168.
Zahir, A.Z., Arshad, M., and Khalid, A. 1998. Improving maize yield by inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Pakistan Journal of Soil Science, 15: 7-11.
Zargari, A. 1997. Medicinal plants (1 and 4). University of Tehran Press.
Zhansheng, W., Yao, L., Kaleem, I. and Li, C. 2012. Application efficacy of biological seed coating agent from combination of PGPR on cotton in the field. Asian International Soil Sciences, 134, 903-910.
