بررسی مدیریت آبیاری در مراحل مختلف رشد بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد عدس تحت سطوح مختلف نانو کلات آهن در منطقه دیلمان
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بهینه منابع آب و خاکسیدمصطفی صادقی 1 , علی عبدزادگوهری 2
1 - دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران.
2 - بخش تحقیقات مدیریت آب در مزرعه، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
کلید واژه: کود نانو, آب مصرفی, بهره وری آب, تابع تولید,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف آب در کشاورزی باعث شده است که مدیریت های آبیاری در ﺳﺎل های اﺧﯿﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ کارشناسان و پژوهشگران قرار گیرد. آب یکی از مهم ترین ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪودﮐﻨﻨﺪه تولید عدس ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﻬﺮه وری ﻣﺼﺮف آب از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻋﻤﺎل روشﻫﺎی ﮐﻢآﺑﯿﺎری ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت مهم در تولید این محصول اﺳﺖ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰی زراﻋﯽ شناسایی نیازهای ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ای در ﮔﯿﺎه اﺳﺖ. آﻫﻦ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺿﺮوری ﮐﻢ ﻣﺼﺮف و ﮐﻢ ﺗﺤﺮک اﺳﺖ که ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن در ﺑﯿﻦ رﯾﺰ ﻣﻐﺬیﻫﺎ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺎز را ﺑﻪ آن دارﻧﺪ. از این رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی مدیریت آبیاری و نانو کلات آهن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد عدس در استان گیلان انجام گرفت.روش پژوهش: آزمایش حاضر به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در منطقه دیلمان (استان گیلان) انجام شد. عامل اصلی شامل چهار سطح بدون آبیاری (دیم)، آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی، آبیاری در مرحله غلاف دهی و آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و غلاف‌دهی (کامل) و عامل فرعی شامل کود محلول‌پاشی نانو کلات آهن در زمان گلدهی، زمان غلاف دهی، هنگام گلدهی و غلاف‌دهی و مرحله قبل از رسیدگی در نظر گرفته شد.یافته ها: یافته های حاصل از پژوهش نشان داد که اثر مدیریت آبیاری و اثر نانوکلات بر عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک در سطح یک درصد معنی دار بود. در اثر مدیریت آبیاری، بیشترین عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک در شرایط آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و غلاف‌دهی به ترتیب با میانگین 1457 و 4380 کیلوگرم در هکتار مشاهده شد. در سطوح مختلف کود نانوکلات آهن، در مرحله گلدهی و غلاف‌دهی و کوددهی در مرحله قبل از رسیدگی، بیشترین عملکرد دانه به ترتیب با میانگین 2/834 و 7/861 کیلوگرم در هکتار و حداکثر عملکرد بیولوژیک به ترتیب با میانگین 4/3317 و 6/3228 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود.نتایج: با آﺑﻴﺎری کامل، تعداد شاخه اصلی، تعداد غلاف پُر در بوته، عملکرد بیولوژیک و دانه افزایش داشت و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﮐﻮد ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﮐﻼت آﻫﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد تعداد گره در ساقه، تعداد غلاف پُر در بوته و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ عملکرد بیولوژیک گردید. از این رو، آبیاری کامل و مصرف کود نانو کلات آهن در مرحله گلدهی و غلاف‌دهی برای گیاه عدس رقم محلی در منطقه مورد مطالعه توصیه می شود.
Background and Aim: The increase in water consumption in agriculture has caused irrigation management to be studied by experts and researchers in recent years. Water is one of the most important factors limiting the production of lentils. Increasing water productivity through the application of deficit irrigation methods is one of the important topics in the production of this crop. One of the important needs in agricultural planning is to identify the plant's nutritional needs. Iron is one of the essential elements of low consumption and low mobility that plants need the most among micronutrients. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the irrigation management and iron nano-chelate on the yield and yield components of lentils in Guilan province.Method: The present experiment is conducted as a split-plot in the form of a randomized complete block design in three iterations in the Deylaman region. The main factor includes four levels namely without irrigation (rainfed), irrigation in the flowering stage, irrigation in the pod formation stage, and irrigation in the flowering and pod formation stage (full) and the sub-factor includes fertilizing nano iron chelate solution during flowering, pod formation time, flowering and podding time and, pre-ripening.Results: The findings of the research demonstrate that the effect of irrigation management and the influence of nano-chelate on grain and biological yields are significant at the level of 1 percent. As a result of irrigation management, the highest grain and biological yields are observed in the flowering and podding stages under irrigation conditions with an average of 1457 and 4380 kg.ha-1, respectively. At different levels of iron nano-chelate fertilizer, in the flowering and podding stage and fertilization in the pre-ripening stage, the highest grain yield is with an average of 834.2 and 861.7 kg.ha-1, respectively, and the maximum biological yield with an average of 3317.4 and 3228.6 kg.ha-1, respectively.Conclusion: With full irrigation, the number of main branches, the number of full pods per plant, and the biological and grain yields increases, and spraying solution of iron nano chelate fertilizer improves the number of nodes in the stem, and the number of full pods in the plant and rises the biological yield. Therefore, full irrigation and use of iron nano chelate fertilizer during the flowering and podding stages are recommended for the local lentil plant in the study area.
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