ارزیابی اثرات آبیاری با چای کمپوست نوآورانه از پسماند غذایی بر روی برخی صفات گوجه‌فرنگی
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیارینسیم گلستانه زاده 1 , جواد رزمی 2 , مسعود هنرور 3
1 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
3 - دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: حفاظت از منابع خاک, چای کمپوست, پسماند غذایی, گوجه فرنگی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: پسماند و ضایعات واحدهای صنعتی غذا و عدم مدیریت آنها یکی از چالش‌های عصر حاضر و یکی از عوامل ایجاد گازهای گلخانه‌ای و پدیده گرمایش زمین است. تبدیل پسماندهای آلی با بهره‌گیری از فناوری‌های زیستی کارآمد، گسترده و ارزان، نظیر تبدیل آنها به ورمی کمپوست و در نهایت فراوری آن به کمپوست مایع و چای کمپوست، می‌تواند از هدر رفت منابع زیستی جلوگیری و به کاهش ردپای کربن منجر گردد. این کودهای آلی به‌عنوان بهبود دهنده‌های آلی خاک، در ارتقاء حاصلخیزی خاک، افزایش کارایی تولید محصولات کشاورزی، حفاظت از منابع خاک و سلامت جامعه نقش مهمی را ایفا می‌نمایند.روش پژوهش: در این مطالعه، پسماند آلی پیش طبخ آشپزخانه صنعتی واحد علوم و تحقیقات با ترکیبی از ورمی کمپوست، جلبک دریایی، ملاس و هیومیک اسید به بهبود دهنده چای کمپوست تبدیل شد. با هدف امکان تغذیه با چای کمپوست بجای رژیم تغذیه‌ای کود شیمیایی، مطالعات گلخانه‌ای جهت مقایسه اثر تیمارهای آزمایشی در سطوح آبیاری با چای کمپوست 25، 50 و 100 درصد و کود شیمیایی حاوی نیترات کلسیم، سولفات پتاسیم و کود 10-52-10 بر روی صفات رویشی و بیوشیمیایی گوجه‌فرنگی رقم کارون در شش تکرار انجام گرفت.یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که آبیاری با چای کمپوست صددرصد و کوددهی شیمیایی در صفات مورد مطالعه اندام هوایی و ریشه با یکدیگر اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشته و دارای بالاترین تأثیر نسبت به سایر تیمارها بودند. چای کمپوست صددرصد بر صفات تعداد برگ (66 قطعه)، ارتفاع بوته (8/29 میلی‌متر)، طول (660 میلی‌متر) و وزن‌تر ریشه (84/29 میلی‌گرم) بیشترین تأثیر را داشت. بیشترین تعداد خوشه گل (94/8 خوشه)، قطر ریشه (94/8 میلی‌متر)، آنزیم پراکسیداز (µmol mg-1 protein min-1 5/3)، کلروفیل a (mg g-1 FM 44/14) و کل (mg g-1 FM 91/19) متعلق به چای کمپوست 25 درصد بود.نتایج: نتایج نشان داد تیمارهای 25 و 100 درصد چای کمپوست در مقایسه با کود شیمیایی بر اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه اثر مثبت و یکسانی داشتند لذا آبیاری با چای کمپوست می‌تواند میزان مصرف کود شیمیایی در زراعت گوجه‌فرنگی را کاهش و منابع خاک را حفاظت کند.
Background and Aim: Food waste is one of the biggest challenges in today’s modern world and leads to greenhouse gas emissions and global warming issues. Converting organic waste into vermicompost and compost tea by efficient biotechnology methods could prevent natural resources depletion and decrease carbon footprint. These soil conditioners promote soil fertility, crop yields, soil resources conservation, and community health.Method: Based on this study, organic waste of the industrial kitchen of the science and research branch university, was converted to vermicompost. The compost tea was produced by a mixture of seaweed, vermicompost, molasses, and humic acid. Greenhouse studies to compare the effect of experimental treatments including irrigation level with compost tea 25, 50, and 100% and chemical fertilizer containing calcium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and 10-52-10 fertilizer on vegetative and biochemical traits of tomato (Karun variety) in six replications were performed.Results: The results showed that irrigation with 100% compost tea and chemical fertilizer, were not significantly different from each other and had the highest effect compared to other treatments. Irrigation with 100% compost tea had the greatest effect on leaf number (66 pieces), plant height (29.8 mm), root length (660 mm), and root fresh weight (29.84 mg). The highest number of flower clusters (8.94 clusters), root diameter (8.94 mm), peroxidase enzyme (3.5 µmol mg-1 protein min-1), chlorophyll a (14.44 mg g-1 FM), and total chlorophyll content (191.91 mg g-1 FM) obtained from 25% compost tea.Conclusion: There was no difference between irrigation with 25 and 100% compost tea, and chemical fertilizers. Furthermore, they had similar effects on most of the studied traits. So, irrigation with compost tea can decrease chemical fertilizers in tomato fields and leads to soil conservation.
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