برآورد ضرایب واکنش عملکرد به تنش آبی در گیاه سیر تحت شرایط کمآبیاری
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیاریآرش تافته 1 , فاطمه کیخائی 2 , مجتبی هادی زاده 3
1 - استادیار، بخش آبیاری و فیزیک خاک، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
2 - مربی، بخش آبیاری و فیزیک خاک، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشگاه زابل.
کلید واژه: واسنجی, تابع تولید, دوره رشد, ارزیابی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: نظر به اهمیت تعیین رفتار گیاهان در شرایط کمبود آب لازم است تا ضرایب حساسیت گیاه به آب در مراحل مختلف رشد گیاهان تعیین شود. کمبود آب در دشت سیستان، یک مسئله جدی و دارای اهمیت است بهگونهای که عدم تأمین آب رودخانه مرزی هیرمند که تنها منبع تأمین آب منطقه است منجر به نابودی کشاورزی میشود. پایین بودن امکان افزایش منابع جدید آب و ضرورت افزایش تولیدات کشاورزی از منابع آب محدود در این منطقه، استفاده از روشهای علمی مناسب برای افزایش بهرهوری آب کشاورزی را میطلبد. همچنین تغییر الگوی کشت و جایگزینی محصولات پردرآمد در سالهای اخیر در مناطق خشک بسیار موردتوجه کشاورزان قرارگرفته است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثرات تنش آبی بر رفتار گیاه سیر در شرایط کمآبی است تا با واسنجی تابع تولید این گیاه ضرایب واکنش عملکرد در شرایط کمبود آب به دست آید.روش پژوهش: در این مطالعه گیاه سیر در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سالهای 1398 و 1399 در استان سیستان و بلوچستان اجرا شد. تیمارها بر اساس سطح تنش نسبت به شاهد 30، 35، 40، 45، 50، 60 و 70 درصد نیاز آبی اعمال شدند. این ایستگاه در 20 کیلومتری جنوب شرقی شهر زابل واقع در طول جغرافیای 61 درجه و 41 دقیقه و عرض جغرافیای 30 درجه و 54 دقیقه در منطقه سیستان قرار دارد. ارتفاع ایستگاه از سطح دریا 483 متر، میانگین بارندگی سالیانه 55 میلیمتر و میزان تبخیر سالیانه 4500 تا 5000 میلیمتر است و این منطقه دارای اقلیم بسیار خشک با تابستان بسیار گرم و زمستان ملایم میباشد. مساحت قطعه آزمایشی برابر 750 مترمربع (15×50) انتخاب گردید برای کاشت سیر رقم چینی قبل از کاشت بستر با کود حیوانی تقویت شد و پس از گاو رو شدن بر اساس آزمون خاک کود به میزان 300 کیلوگرم فسفات پتاسیم، 200 کیلوگرم فسفات تریپل و 100 کیلوگرم اوره به خاک اضافه گردید. سپس شخم و دیسک و درنهایت تسطیح شد. در دهه دوم مهرماه جهت کاشت سیر رقم چینی شیارهایی به فاصله 20 سانتیمتر و عمق 5 سانتیمتر با بیلچه ایجاد و غده سیرها به فاصله 8 سانتیمتر بر روی ردیفهای کشت گردید. اطلاعات گیاهی شامل دورههای رشد، قطر غده، تعداد حبه، ارتفاع گیاه و مقادیر عملکرد سیر نیز اندازهگیری شد. سپس بر اساس اطلاعات بهدستآمده دو تابع تولید تافته و ریس موردبررسی قرار گرفتند و ضرایب حساسیت گیاه در دوره رشد تعیین شد.یافتهها: بیشترین عملکرد سیر در مطالعه 8240 کیلوگرم در هکتار بوده است که برای تولید آن 833 میلیمتر آب مصرف شد. برای واسنجی ضریب حساسیت گیاه سیر از دادههای سال اول استفاده شد و پس از واسنجی دو تابع تولید ریس (Raes) و تافته (Tafteh)، مقادیر ضریب حساسیت گیاه سیر ارائه شد. این ضریب در بازه 5/0 تا 2/1 در دورههای مختلف رشد گیاه سیر متفاوت بود که منحنی تغییرات آن ارائه شد. ارزیابی روش ریس در سال دوم با مقدار ریشه میانگین مربعات خطا 1302 کیلوگرم در هکتار و مقدار نرمال شده آن حدود 23 درصد بود.نتایج: در مقایسه دو روش مورداستفاده درروش تافته و همکاران، مقدار ریشه میانگین مربعات خطا 485 کیلوگرم در هکتار و مقدار نرمال شده آن حدود 11 درصد به دست آمد. ازاینرو، روش تافته در تعیین عملکرد سیر در شرایط تنش آبی توصیه میشود.
Background and Aim: Due to the importance of determining the behavior of plants in water shortage conditions, it is necessary to determine the coefficients of plant sensitivity to water at different stages of plant growth. Water shortage in the Sistan plain is a serious and important issue, so that the lack of water supply to the Helmand border river, which is the only source of water supply in the region, leads to the destruction of agriculture. The low possibility of increasing new water resources and the need to increase agricultural production from limited water resources in this region requires the use of appropriate scientific and technical methods to increase the productivity of agricultural water consumption. Also, changing the pattern of cultivation and replacement of high-income crops in recent years in arid areas has received much attention from farmers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of water stress on the behavior of garlic in dehydrated conditions to calibrate the production function of this plant to obtain yield response coefficients in conditions of water shortage.Method: In this study, garlic plant was implemented in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in 1398 and 1399 in Sistan and Baluchistan province. Treatments were applied based on stress levels compared to control 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60 and 70% of water requirement. This station is located 20 km southeast of Zabol city at latitude 61 degrees and 41 minutes and latitude 30 degrees and 54 minutes in Sistan region. The altitude of the station is 483 meters above sea level, the average annual rainfall is 55 mm and the annual evaporation rate is 4500 to 5000 mm. This region has a very dry climate with very hot summers and mild winters. The area of the experimental plot was equal to 750 square meters was selected for planting garlic of Chinese cultivar before planting the bed was reinforced with animal manure and after growing based on soil fertilizer test, 300 kg of potassium phosphate, 200 kg of triple phosphate and 100 kg. One kilogram of urea was added to the soil. Then plow and disc and finally leveled. On the 24th of October, grooves were planted with a shovel at a distance of 20 cm and a depth of 5 cm to plant garlic of Chinese cultivar, and garlic tubers were planted at a distance of 8 cm on the rows. Then, based on the obtained information, the two functions of Tafteh and Raes production were investigated and yield response factors were determined during the growing period.Results: Comparing the two methods used the highest yield of garlic in the study was 8240 kg / ha, for the production of which 833 mm of water was used. The data of the first year were used to calibrate the yield response factors of garlic and after calibrating the two production functions of Raes and Tafteh, the values of the yield response factors of garlic were presented. This coefficient was different in the range of 0.5 to 1.2 in different periods of garlic plant growth, the change curve was presented. Evaluation of Rice method in the second year with root mean square error of 1302 kg / ha and normalized value was about 23%.Conclusion: In the method of Tafteh the mean root mean square error was 485 kg / ha and the normalized value was about 11%. Therefore, the method of Tafteh is recommended in determining the yield of garlic under water stress conditions.
Abd El-Latif Kh. M. and A. A. Abdelshafy 2017. Response of Garlic Productivity to Surface and Drip Systems and Irrigation Amounts. Middle East J. Agric. Res., 6(4): 981-995, 2017 ISSN: 2077-4605.
Abdzad Gohari, A., Tafteh, A., Ebrahimipak, N., Babazadeh, H. 2021. Estimation of stress coefficients, plant coefficients and yield response to water in peanut under different levels irrigation. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, doi: 10.22059/ijswr.2021.331076.669083. [in Persian]
Ahmadian, A., salari, A., mousavi, Z., KAVEH, H. 2018. Effect of Different Levels of Stress and Vermicompost Fertilizer on yield, yield component and active compound of Allicin in garlic Medicinal Herbs. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 25(1), 215-227. doi: 10.22069/jwsc.2018.14167.2889. [in Persian]
akbari, S., Kafi, M., Rezvan Beidokhti, S. 2016. The Effects of Drought Stress on Yield, Yield Components and Anti-oxidant of Two Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Ecotypes with Different Planting Densities. Journal Of Agroecology, 8(1), 95-106. doi: 10.22067/jag.v8i1.47373
Bozkurt Çolak, Y., Yazar, A., Alghory, A., & Tekin, S. 2021. Yield and water productivity response of quinoa to various deficit irrigation regimes applied with surface and subsurface drip systems. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1-12. doi:10.1017/S0021859621000265.
Ebrahimipak, N., Egdernezhad, A., Tafteh, A., Ahmadee, M. 2019. Economical Optimization of Water Distribution in Qazvin Irrigation Network under Different Water Deficit Conditions. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. doi: 10.22034/jest.2019.45194.4719.
Farahbakhsh, M., Sarai Tabrizi, M., Babazadeh, H.2019. Investigating the basil production functions under the conditions of simultaneous water stress and salinity. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation, 8(4), 103-117. [in Persian]
Jamieson, P.D.; Porter, J.R.;Wilson, D.R. 1991. A test of the computer simulation model ARCWHEAT1 on wheat crops grown in New Zealand. Field Crop Res. 27. 337–350.
Mohammed A. Barakat,. Ashraf S. Osman, Wael M. Semida, and Mohammed A. Gyushi. 2019. integrated Use of Potassium and Soil Mulching on Growth and Productivity of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) under Deficit Irrigation. International Letters of Natural Sciences ISSN: 2300-9675, Vol. 76, pp 1-12.doi:10.18052.
Motalebifard, r. 2016. Evaluation of garlic yield, yield components, and wue under different irrigation and nitrogen conditions. Iranian journal of water research in agriculture (formerly soil and water sciences), 29(4), 465-482. Https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/viewpaper.aspx?id=531628. [in Persian]
Raes, D. 2004. Budjet: a soil water and salt balance model. Reference Manual. Version 6.0. and select downloads and next software.
Raes. D., Greets. E., Wellens. J. and Sahli. A. 2006. Simulation of yield decline as a result of water stress with a robust soil water balance model. Agric. Water Manage 81: 335-357.
Raes, D., Steduto, P., Hsiao T.C., and Fereres, E. 2017. Reference manual AquaCrop, FAO, Land and Water Division, Rome, Italy, 25p.
Rastegar, J.,and Baghani, J. 2012. Effect of Different Irrigation Methods on Bulb Yield of Onion Cultivars. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 28(2), 209-223. doi: 10.22092/sppj.2017.110469
Rezvani, S., Bayat, F., Nosrati, A. 2016. Changes of Quality properties of Hamedan white Garlic at the Cut off Dates and Different levels of Irrigation During Storage and Relationship with Water - use Efficiency. Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage, 9(6), 973-982.
Tafteh, A., Ebrahimipak. N. A., Babazadeh, H. and Kaveh, F. 2014.a.Optimization of irrigation water distribution using the MGA method and comparison with a linear programming method. Irrigation and Drainage 63 (5), 590-598.
Tafteh, A., Ebrahimipak. N. A., Babazadeh, H. and Kaveh, F. 2014.b.Determine yield response factors of important crops by different production functions in qazvin plain. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 20(2), 415-422.
Tafteh, A., Babazadeh, H., EbrahimiPak, N.A., and F. Kaveh. 2013. Evaluation and improvement of crop production functions for simulation winter wheat yields with two types of yield response factors. Journal of Agricultural Science. 5 (3). 111-122.
Tafteh ,A.,Babazadeh,H.,Ebrahimipak, N. A.& Kaveh , F.2014.Optimization of irrigation water distribution using the MGA method and comparison with a linear programming method. Irrigation and Drainage63(5), 590–598.
Tafteh, A., Eigder, A., Ebrahimipak, N. 2018. Evaluation of production functions to estimate rapeseed yield in different Interval times. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation, 7(3), 103-113. [in Persian]
Tafteh, A., Nakhjavani Moghadam, M., Egdernezhad, A., Sepehri, S. 2020. Evaluation Of Production Functions In Estimating Two Varieties Of Corn Yield With Native Yield Response Factor In The Iran. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 51(10), 2519-2529. doi: 10.22059 /ijswr .2020 .304385 .668646. [in Persian]
Tafteh, A., and Ebrahimipak, N. 2018. Evaluation of production functions to estimate rapeseed yield in different Interval times. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation, 7(3), 103-113. [in Persian]
Tefera, Ashebir & Kebede, Solomon & Tegenu, Gebeyehu. 2021. Optimal Irrigation Scheduling for Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in the Central Highland Vertisols Areas of Ethiopia. International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture. 5. 308-316. 10.26855/ijfsa.2021.06.015.
Willmott, C.J., 1982. Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bulletin of American Meteorology Society 63: 1309-1313.
_||_Abd El-Latif Kh. M. and A. A. Abdelshafy 2017. Response of Garlic Productivity to Surface and Drip Systems and Irrigation Amounts. Middle East J. Agric. Res., 6(4): 981-995, 2017 ISSN: 2077-4605.
Abdzad Gohari, A., Tafteh, A., Ebrahimipak, N., Babazadeh, H. 2021. Estimation of stress coefficients, plant coefficients and yield response to water in peanut under different levels irrigation. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, doi: 10.22059/ijswr.2021.331076.669083. [in Persian]
Ahmadian, A., salari, A., mousavi, Z., KAVEH, H. 2018. Effect of Different Levels of Stress and Vermicompost Fertilizer on yield, yield component and active compound of Allicin in garlic Medicinal Herbs. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 25(1), 215-227. doi: 10.22069/jwsc.2018.14167.2889. [in Persian]
akbari, S., Kafi, M., Rezvan Beidokhti, S. 2016. The Effects of Drought Stress on Yield, Yield Components and Anti-oxidant of Two Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Ecotypes with Different Planting Densities. Journal Of Agroecology, 8(1), 95-106. doi: 10.22067/jag.v8i1.47373
Bozkurt Çolak, Y., Yazar, A., Alghory, A., & Tekin, S. 2021. Yield and water productivity response of quinoa to various deficit irrigation regimes applied with surface and subsurface drip systems. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1-12. doi:10.1017/S0021859621000265.
Ebrahimipak, N., Egdernezhad, A., Tafteh, A., Ahmadee, M. 2019. Economical Optimization of Water Distribution in Qazvin Irrigation Network under Different Water Deficit Conditions. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. doi: 10.22034/jest.2019.45194.4719.
Farahbakhsh, M., Sarai Tabrizi, M., Babazadeh, H.2019. Investigating the basil production functions under the conditions of simultaneous water stress and salinity. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation, 8(4), 103-117. [in Persian]
Jamieson, P.D.; Porter, J.R.;Wilson, D.R. 1991. A test of the computer simulation model ARCWHEAT1 on wheat crops grown in New Zealand. Field Crop Res. 27. 337–350.
Mohammed A. Barakat,. Ashraf S. Osman, Wael M. Semida, and Mohammed A. Gyushi. 2019. integrated Use of Potassium and Soil Mulching on Growth and Productivity of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) under Deficit Irrigation. International Letters of Natural Sciences ISSN: 2300-9675, Vol. 76, pp 1-12.doi:10.18052.
Motalebifard, r. 2016. Evaluation of garlic yield, yield components, and wue under different irrigation and nitrogen conditions. Iranian journal of water research in agriculture (formerly soil and water sciences), 29(4), 465-482. Https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/viewpaper.aspx?id=531628. [in Persian]
Raes, D. 2004. Budjet: a soil water and salt balance model. Reference Manual. Version 6.0. and select downloads and next software.
Raes. D., Greets. E., Wellens. J. and Sahli. A. 2006. Simulation of yield decline as a result of water stress with a robust soil water balance model. Agric. Water Manage 81: 335-357.
Raes, D., Steduto, P., Hsiao T.C., and Fereres, E. 2017. Reference manual AquaCrop, FAO, Land and Water Division, Rome, Italy, 25p.
Rastegar, J.,and Baghani, J. 2012. Effect of Different Irrigation Methods on Bulb Yield of Onion Cultivars. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 28(2), 209-223. doi: 10.22092/sppj.2017.110469
Rezvani, S., Bayat, F., Nosrati, A. 2016. Changes of Quality properties of Hamedan white Garlic at the Cut off Dates and Different levels of Irrigation During Storage and Relationship with Water - use Efficiency. Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage, 9(6), 973-982.
Tafteh, A., Ebrahimipak. N. A., Babazadeh, H. and Kaveh, F. 2014.a.Optimization of irrigation water distribution using the MGA method and comparison with a linear programming method. Irrigation and Drainage 63 (5), 590-598.
Tafteh, A., Ebrahimipak. N. A., Babazadeh, H. and Kaveh, F. 2014.b.Determine yield response factors of important crops by different production functions in qazvin plain. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 20(2), 415-422.
Tafteh, A., Babazadeh, H., EbrahimiPak, N.A., and F. Kaveh. 2013. Evaluation and improvement of crop production functions for simulation winter wheat yields with two types of yield response factors. Journal of Agricultural Science. 5 (3). 111-122.
Tafteh ,A.,Babazadeh,H.,Ebrahimipak, N. A.& Kaveh , F.2014.Optimization of irrigation water distribution using the MGA method and comparison with a linear programming method. Irrigation and Drainage63(5), 590–598.
Tafteh, A., Eigder, A., Ebrahimipak, N. 2018. Evaluation of production functions to estimate rapeseed yield in different Interval times. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation, 7(3), 103-113. [in Persian]
Tafteh, A., Nakhjavani Moghadam, M., Egdernezhad, A., Sepehri, S. 2020. Evaluation Of Production Functions In Estimating Two Varieties Of Corn Yield With Native Yield Response Factor In The Iran. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 51(10), 2519-2529. doi: 10.22059 /ijswr .2020 .304385 .668646. [in Persian]
Tafteh, A., and Ebrahimipak, N. 2018. Evaluation of production functions to estimate rapeseed yield in different Interval times. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation, 7(3), 103-113. [in Persian]
Tefera, Ashebir & Kebede, Solomon & Tegenu, Gebeyehu. 2021. Optimal Irrigation Scheduling for Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in the Central Highland Vertisols Areas of Ethiopia. International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture. 5. 308-316. 10.26855/ijfsa.2021.06.015.
Willmott, C.J., 1982. Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bulletin of American Meteorology Society 63: 1309-1313.