Effect of Rice Bran Biochar and Deficit Irrigation on Morphological Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency in Peppermint Plant

Subject Areas : Irrigation and Drainage

انیس کوشکی ¹ , افسانه عالی نژادیان ² , عباس ملکی ³

1 -
2 -
3 -

Received: 2021-09-19 Accepted : 2021-09-19 Published : 2020-11-01

Keywords: Drought stress, water use efficiency, کارایی مصرف آب, Biochar, بیوچار, تنش‎خشکی,

Abstract :

Drought stress is one of the most important environmental stresses that lead to problems in agricultural production. In order to investigate the effect of rice bran biochar on morphological characteristics of peppermint plant, an experiment conducted in greenhouse conditions in factorial conditions and in a completely randomized design with 3 levels of biochar (0, 3 and 6 t/ha) and 4 irrigation levels (100% full irrigation (Without stress), 60, 80 and 120% full irrigation) with 4 replications in November 2020. The results showed that due to the significant effect of interaction of treatments on leaf fresh weight, the highest fresh weight was related to the application level of 3 t/ha of biochar and the water level of 120% full irrigation in the amount of 23.93 g.pot-1. Also, the lowest fresh weight was observed at the level of 3 t/ha of biochar and the water level of 60% full irrigation at the rate of 13.03 gr in pots while there was no significant difference with the control treatment. Also, application of 6 t/ha of biochar compared to the control treatment caused a significant increase in dry weight, height, water use and water use efficiency by 28.13, 10.73, 10.69 and 44.73%, respectively. Also, at the level of 60% of full irrigation, in comparison with the control treatment, dry weight, height, water use and water use efficiency of the plant reduced significantly by 39.89, 33.34, 14.69 and 29.64 respectively.

References:

خادم، ا.، رئیسی، ف. و بشارتی، ح. (1396). مروری بر اثرات کاربرد بیوچار بر خصوصیات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک. مدیریت اراضی، دوره 5، شماره 1، ص 30-13.

رزاقی، ف. و رضایی، ن. (1396). اثر سطوح مختلف بیوچار بر خواص فیزیکی خاک با بافت‌های مختلف. نشریه حفاظت منابع آب و خاک، دوره 7، شماره 1، ص 87-76.

گویلی، ا.، موسوی س. ع. ا. و کامگارحقیقی ع. ا. (1395). اثر بیوچار کود گاوی و تنش‎رطوبتی بر ویژگی‎های رشد و کارآیی مصرف آب اسفناج در شرایط گلخانه‎ای. نشریه پژوهش آب در کشاورزی، دوره 30، شماره 2، ص  259-243.

نظامی، س.، نعمتی، س.، آرویی، ح. و باقری، ع. (1395). تاثیر رژیم‎های رطوبتی خاک در شرایط کنترل شده روی خصوصیات رشدی و زیست توده گونه‎های نعناع. مجله پژوهش‎های تولید گیاهی دوره 23، شماره 2، ص 72-51.

نوروزی، م.، طباطبائی، س. ح.، نوری، م. و متقیان، ح. (1395). اثرات کوتاه مدت بایوچار حاصل از برگ خرما بر حفظ رطوبت در خاک لوم شنی. نشریه حفاظت منابع آب و خاک، دوره 6، شماره 2، ص 150-137.

Abbasi, M. K. and Anwar, A. A. (2015). Ameliorating effects of biochar derived from poultry manure and white clover residues on soil nutrient status and plant growth promotion-greenhouse experiments. PloS one, 10 (6), pp: e0131592.‏

Aggelides, S. M. and Londra, P. A. (2000). Effects of compost produced from town wastes and sewage sludge on the physical properties of a loamy and a clay soil. Bioresource technology, 71(3), pp: 253-259.

Akhtar, S. S., Andersen, M. N. and Liu, F. ) 2014(. Biochar enhances yield and quality of tomato under reduced irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 138, pp: 44-37.

Andrenelli, M. C., Maienza, A., Genesio, L., Miglietta, F., Pellegrini, S., Vaccari, F. P. and Vignozzi, N. (2016). Field application of pelletized biochar: Short term effect on the hydrological properties of a silty clay loam soil. Agricultural Water Management, 163, pp: 190-196.

Babaei, K., Amini Dehaghi, M., Modares Sanavi, S. A. M. and Jabari, R. )2010(. Water deficit effect on morphology, prolin content and thymol percentage of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26 (2), pp: 239-251.

Capuzzo, A. and Maffei, M. (2016). Molecular fingerprinting of peppermint (Mentha piperita) and some Mentha hybrids by sequencing and RFLP analysis of the 5S rRNA Non-Transcribed Spacer (NTS) region. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 150 (2), pp:236-243.

Carter, S., Shackley, S., Sohi, S., Suy, T. B. and Haefele, S. )2013(. The impact of biochar application on soil properties and plant growth of pot grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and cabbage (Brassica chinensis). Agronomy Journal, 3 (2), pp: 404-418.

Chan, K. Y., Van Zwieten, L., Meszaros, I., Downie, A. and Joseph, S. (2008). Using poultry litter biochars as soil amendments. Soil Research, 46 (5), pp: 437-444.‏

Glaser, B., Lehmann, J. and Zech, W. (2002). Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal–a review. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 35 (4), pp: 219-230.

Ippolito, J. A., Laird, D. A. and Busscher, W. J. (2012). Environmental benefits of biochar. Journal of environmental quality, 41 (4), pp: 967-972.‏

Islam, W., Adnan, M., Tayyab, M., Hussain, M. and Islam, S. U. (2018). Phyto-metabolites; an impregnable shield against plant viruses. Natural Product Communications, 13 (1), pp: 105-112.

Laribi, B., Kouki, K., Sahli, A., Mougou, A. and Marzouk, B. (2011) .Essential oil and fatty acid composition of a Tunisian caraway (Carum carvi L.) seed ecotype cultivated under water deficit. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5 (2), pp: 257-265.

Lehmann, J. and Joseph, S. (2015). Biochar for environmental management: an introduction. Biochar for environmental management: Science, technology and Implemantation, 2nd Edition, 14p.

Lehmann, J., Rillig, M. C., Thies, J., Masiello, C. A., Hockaday, W. C. and Crowley, D. (2011). Biochar effects on soil biota–a review. Soil biology and biochemistry, 43 (9), pp: 1812-1836.‏

Mirzaie‐Nodoushan, H., Rezaie, M. B. and Jaimand, K. (2001). Path analysis of the essential oil‐related characters in Mentha spp. Flavour and fragrance journal, 16 (5), pp: 340-343.‏

Pandian, K., Subramaniayan, P., Gnasekaran, P. and Chitraputhirapillai, S. (2016). Effect of biochar amendment on soil physical, chemical and biological properties and groundnut yield in rainfed Alfisol of semi-arid tropic. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 62 (9), pp: 1293-1310.‏

Rita, P. and Animesh, D. K. (2011). An updated overview on peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2 (8), pp: 1-10.‏

Siddique, M. R. B., Hamid, A. and Islam, M. S. (1999). Drought stress effects on photosynthetic rate and leaf gas exchange of wheat. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 40, pp: 141-145.

Singh, B., Singh, B. P. and Cowie, A. L. )2010(. Characterisation and evaluation of  biochars for their application as a soil amendment. Soil Resercher, 48 (7), pp: 516-525

Sohi, S. P. (2012). Carbon storage with benefits. Science, 338 (6110), pp: 1034-1035.‏

Vaccari, F. P., Baronti, S., Lugato, E., Genesio, L., Castaldi, S., Fornasier, F. and Miglietta, F. (2011). Biochar as a strategy to sequester carbon and increase yield in durum wheat. European Journal of Agronomy, 34 (4), pp: 231-238.

Verheijen, F., Jeffery, S., Bastos, A. C., Van der Velde, M., and Diafas, I. (2010). Biochar application to soils. A critical scientific review of effects on soil properties, processes, and functions. Publication of Europeam Commission, 162p.

Vieira, R. D., Tekrony, D. M. and Egli, D. B. (1992). Effect of drought and defoliation stress in the field on soybean seed germination and vigor. Crop Science, 32 (2), pp: 471-475.‏

Woolf, D., Amonette, J. E., Street-Perrott, F. A., Lehmann, J. and Joseph, S. (2010). Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Naturcommunications, 1 (1), pp: 1-9.‏

Yazdanpanahi, A., Ahmadaali, Kh, Zare, S. and Shabani Omran, T. (2018). Investigating the effect of natural and urban waste compost biochars on hydraulic parameters in sandy soils. Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 71(2), pp: 555-561.

Zeinali, H., Arzani, A. and Razmjo, K. )2004(. Morphological and essential oil content diversity of Iranian mints (Mentha spp). Iranian Journal of Science Technology, 28(1), pp:1-9.