تخمین رواناب سطحی دامنه های حوضه های آبخیز بر اساس روش موج جنبشی و رواناب زیر سطحی بر اساس حل معادلات ریچاردز مدل Hydrus
محورهای موضوعی : برگرفته از پایان نامه
تورج سبزواری
1
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مهدی کرمی مقدم
2
,
زهرا قدم پور
3
1 - دانشیار گروه مهندسی عمران دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد استهبان
2 - استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد استهبان، فارس
کلید واژه: موج جنبشی, Hydrus, رواناب سطحی, رواناب زیرسطحی,
چکیده مقاله :
تخمین رواناب سطحی و زیرسطحی به‌عنوان اجزاء رواناب مستقیم حوضه جهت طراحی سازههای هیدرولیکی بسیار حائز اهمیت است. در بسیاری از حوضه‌ها با نفوذپذیری خاک تراوا و پوشش گیاهی مناسب، جریان زیرسطحی از اهمیت بالایی در ایجاد رواناب برخوردار است. در این تحقیق از سازوکار هورتونی برای تخمین رواناب سطحی صفحات حوضه با کاربرد روش موج جنبشی استفاده گردید. برای پیش‌بینی جریان زیرسطحی دامنه‌های آبخیز از حل معادله ریچاردز در محیط غیراشباع توسط نرم‌افزار Hydrus استفاده شد و آب نگار رواناب زیرسطحی دامنه‌ها محاسبه گردید. برای صحت سنجی از داده‌های آزمایشگاهی دستگاه باران ساز به طول 2 متر، عرض 1 و عمق 0.35 متر با خاک بافت ماسهای متوسط استفاده شد. آزمایش‌ها تحت سه زاویه شیب 1/0، 3،6 و 9 درجه و تحت بارش‌های 31.73،47.6 و 63.46 میلی‌متر بر ساعت انجام گرفت. جریان سطحی و زیرسطحی دستگاه به ترتیب با نتایج روش موج جنبشی و نتایج مدل Hydrus مقایسه گردید. متوسط خطای پیش‌بینی اوج رواناب سطحی با کاربرد روش موج موجی در 12رویداد محاسبه شده 3.5 درصد و متوسط خطای پیش‌بینی اوج ر رواناب زیرسطحی در 9 رویداد 10 درصد بوده است که مقادیر مناسبی هستند. نتایج مدل Hydrus جهت تخمین رواناب دامنه‌های افقی با شیب صفر دارای 40 درصد خطا در محاسبه اوج رواناب زیرسطحی بود که مناسب نبودهاند.
Prediction of surface and subsurface runoff as elements of direct runoff of catchment is very important for designing hydraulic structures. In many of the catchments with high permeability and suitable vegetation, subsurface flow is also highly important. In this research, Hortonian mechanism has been used for predicting surface runoff of catchment overland using Kinematic wave method. For prediction of subsurface runoff of catchments hillslopes, Richard equation in an unsaturated zone by means of Hydrus software was used. Runoff hydrograph of subsurface runoff was calculated. For verification, experimental data from rainfall simulator with length of 2 meters, width of 1 meter and depth of 0.35 with loamy sand was used. The experiments were conducted under three angles of 0.1, 6.3 and 9 degrees and under rainfall intensity of 31.73, 47.6 and 63.46 millimeter per hour (mm / h), respectively. The subsurface and surface flow of the system were compared with the results of the kinematic wave in the surface flow and the results of the Hydrus model in the subsurface flow. The peak runoff mean error predicted by the kinematic wave method in the 12 events calculated is 3.5% and the mean prediction error of the subsurface runoff peak in 9 events is 10%, which is an acceptable value. The results of the Hydrus model for predicting the slope of zero tilt angle had 40% error in calculating the subsurface runoff peak that has not been acceptable.
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