ارزیابی توان استعداد تغذیهی آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از روش‌های سنجش از دور و GIS
محورهای موضوعی : برگرفته از پایان نامه
1 - شیراز- دانشگاه شیراز- دانشکده علوم- بخش علوم زمین
کلید واژه: سنجش از دور, توان استعداد تغذیهی آب زیرزمینی, نقشههای موضوعی, سامانه اطلاعات مکانی,
چکیده مقاله :
استفاده از قابلیت های سنجش از دور و سامانه اطلاعات مکانی در تهیهی نقشه‌ی‌های موضوعی و تلفیق آنها در قالب نقشههای پهنه‌بندی، یکی از ابزارهای مهم در ارزیابی توان استعداد تغذیهی آب زیرزمینی است. در این بررسی نقشههای موضوعی با استفاده از عوامل موثر در توان استعداد تغذیه از قبیل عوامل آب‌شناختی مانند تخلیه‌ی چشمه‌ها، زمین ساختاری مانند درزه و شکستگی‌ها، سنگ‌شناسی مانند جنس سازندها، پستی و بلندی مانند شیب سطح زمین و نمایه رطوبت پستی و بلندی، اقلیمی مانند بارش، دما و پوشش گیاهی در تهیهی نقشهی توان استعداد تغذیهی آب زیرزمینی استفاده شد. بدین منظور نقشههای موضوعی با استفاده از اطلاعات رقومی سنجش از دور تهیه شد. سپس با استفاده از روش ارجاع دادن، مقایسه‌ی زوجی و با اعمال نظر کارشناسی که با بازدیدهای صحرایی در برخی نقاط منطقه صورت گرفت، سلول‌های هر نقشه و متعاقب آن کل نقشه با توجه به تاثیری که در توان استعداد تغذیه دارد، ارزش‌گذاری شد. پس ارزش‌گذاری هر کدام از نقشههای موضوعی تهیهی شده، با بکارگیری روش هم‌پوشانی، نقشهی نهایی توان استعداد تغذیهی آب زیرزمینی تهیه گردید. برای برررسی صحت نسبی نقشهی توان استعداد تغذیه از موقعیت چشمه‌های منطقه استفاده شد. اکثر حوضه‌ی آبگیر چشمه‌های بزرگ در مناطق با توان استعداد تغذیهی بالا قرار گرفته اند که حاکی از صحت نسبی بالای نقشهی موضوعی توان استعداد تغذیه برای منطقه‌ی مطالعه شده است.
Application of remote sensing and geographic information system to the preparation of thematic maps and their integration in the form of zoning maps provide an important tool for assessing the potential of groundwater recharge sites. Thematic maps using effective factors in recharge activities namely the hydrogeological factors such as spring discharge and structural factors such as joint and fractures; lithological factors such as formation type; topography such as slope, slope aspect and topographic wetness index; and climatological factors such as rainfall, temperature, and also land use were applied in preparation of the groundwater recharge potential map. Thematic maps were prepared using remote sensing and by a referring approach and pair-wise and applying an expert view and also by field observations. Every thematic map was weighted and rated with respect to its effect on recharge. Finally, differently weighted maps were rated to prepare groundwater recharge site map. To verify the relative accuracy of groundwater recharge potential map, discharge of springs in the study area was used. The results show that most of the catchment area of the large springs located in the areas of high recharge potential, indicating the relatively high accuracy of the above-mentioned method.
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