ارزیابی بالینی اثر درمانی اسپری دیکلروفن در درمان درماتیت انگشتی گاوهای شیری
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش های بالینی دام های بزرگ
کلید واژه: گاو شیری, درماتیت انگشتی, دی کلروفن,
چکیده مقاله :
درماتیت انگشتی یکی از مهمترین بیماریهای عفونی ناحیه انگشتان در گاو میباشد که زیانهای اقتصادی فراوانی به همراه دارد. تا کنون روشهای درمانی متعددی جهت درمان و کنترل بیماری بکار گرفته شده است که مهمترین آنها استفاده از آنتیبیوتیکها به صورت حمام سم یا اسپری موضعی میباشد. اما در استفاده از آنتیبیوتیکها مسئله بقایای دارویی در شیر و گوشت و همچنین مقاومت های داروئی را نباید از نظر دور داشت. به همین خاطر این مطالعه جهت ارزیابی اثرات درمانی اسپری دیکلروفن در درمان انفرادی گاوهای مبتلا به درماتیت انگشتی صورت پذیرفت. چهل رأس گاو مبتلا به لنگش ناشی از درماتیت انگشتی به چهار گروه مساوی تقسیم شدند (سه گروه بعنوان گروهای درمان و گروه چهارم بعنوان شاهد). بعد از شستشوی کامل ناحیه انگشتان با آب، ناحیه پاشنه و بخلوق با اسپری دیکلروفن اسپری شد. این کار در گروه اول یک نوبت و در گروه دوم دو نوبت ودر گروه سوم سه نوبت و به فواصل بیست و چهار ساعت صورت گرفت. در گروه شاهد بمدت سه روز از اسپری آب مقطر استفاده شد. یک هفته پس از شروع درمان دامها از نظر بالینی معاینه شدند. لنگش در تمامی گاوهای گروههای درمان برطرف شده بود در حالیکه در گروه شاهد چنین نبود. معاینه زخمهای ناحیه انگشتان بهبودی نسبی را در گروه اول و دوم نشان میداد که روند بهبودی در گروه دوم بهتر بود. اما نشانیهای عدم التیام در حواشی زخمهای التیام یافته در تعدادی از گاوها دیده میشد. در گروه سوم زخمها بطور کامل بهبود یافته بود. در مقابل در گروه شاهد هیچگونه آثار التیام زخم مشاهده نشد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه، جهت درمان انفرادی گاوهای مبتلا به درماتیت انگشتی با استفاده از اسپری دیکلروفن، توصیه میشود که دوره درمان حداقل به مدت سه روز ادامه یابد.
Digital dermatitis (DD) is one of the most important infectious diseases of feet region in dairy cows with a lot of economic losses. Many therapeutic methods have been experienced for treatment and control of disease. Among them, antibiotics as foot bath or by local spraying have had better results. But residues in milk, meat and bacterial resistance must not be ignored as sequels of using antibiotics. Because of these problems, this study was performed to examine the therapeutic effects of commercial Dichlorophen spray for treatment of DD in cows. Forty cows with clinical lameness due to digital dermatitis were chosen and divided into four equal groups (3 treatment groups and the fourth group as control). After washing the affected feet with running water, the heel and pastern areas were sprayed with commercial Dichlorophen (contains Dichlorophen 7.5% w/v) for one, two and three days in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. In control group distilled water was sprayed in the area for 3 days. One week after the beginning of the treatment, cows were examined clinically. Lameness in all treated cows was abolished except the controls. Examination of feet lesions showed improvement in group 1 and much more improvements in group 2, and signs of fresh lesions especially in periphery of the healed areas were observed. Improvement was complete in group 3 and no signs of fresh lesions were observed. Also, no signs of healing were observed in controls. Based on the results of this study, for treatment of sporadic cases of DD with commercial dichlorophen spray, it is recommended that this agent should be applied at least for three consecutive days.
1- قشقایی، ع. (1384): ارزیابی اثرات درمانی سولکا هوف ژل در درمان درماتیت انگشتی در گاو شیری. مجموعه خلاصه مقالات چهاردهمین کنگره ملی دامپزشکی ایران. صفحه 539.
2- قشقایی، ع. (1384): ارزیابی اثر درمانی اسپری کلرامفنیکل در درمان درماتیت انگشتی گاو. مجموعه خلاصه مقالات اولین سمپوزیوم بینالمللی جراحی دامپزشکی ایران و پنجمین سمپوزیوم جراحی ، بیهوشی و رادیولــوژی دامپزشکی ایران. صفحه 1.
3- قشقایی، ع. (1382): ارزیابی بالینی اثر درمانی اسپری اکسیتتراسیکلین تجاری در درمان درماتیت انگشتی گاو. مجموعه خلاصه مقالات سیزدهمین کنگره ملی دامپزشکی ایران. صفحه 277.
4- قشقایی، ع. نوروزیان، ا. (1380): درمان گـلهای درماتیت انگشتی در یک واحد بزرگ گاو شیری با استفاده از اســپری محلول لینکواسپکتین 1000/3 . مجموعه خلاصه مقالات سومین سمپوزیوم جراحی، بیهوشی و رادیولوژی دامپزشکی ایران. صفحات 47 و 48.
5- Argaez-Rodriguez, F.J., Hird, D.W., Anda, J.H., Read, D.H., Lainz, A.R., (1997): Papillomatous digital dermatitis on a commercial dairy farm in Mexicali, Mexico: Incidence and effect on reproduction and milk production. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 32: 275-286.
6- Azizi, M.J.S., Nowrozian, I., Bloorchi, M., Mokhber Dezfuli, M.R., (1999): Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of lincomycin hydrochloride solution spray for group treatment of digital dermatitis in cattle. In:Proceedings of the First Iranian Symposium of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology. 54-69.
7- Blowey, R.W., (2005): Digital dermatitis. Cattle Practice. 13: 33-35 Part 1.
8- Britt, J.S., Gaska, J., Garrett, E.F., Konkle, D., Mealy, M., (1996): Comparison of topical application of three products for treatment of papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cattle. Journal of AmericanVeterinary Medical Association. 209 (6): 1134.
9- Cheli, R., Mortellaro, C.M., (1974): Digital dermatitis in cattle. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Meeting on Diseases of Cattle, Milan, Italy, 208-213.
10- Choi, B.K., Nattermann, H., Grund, S., Haider, W., Gobel, U.B., (1997): Spirochetes from digital dermatitis lesions in cattle are closely related to treponemes associated with human preiodontitis. International Journal of Systemic Bacteriology. 47 (1): 175-181.
11- Collighan, R.J., Woodward, M.J., (1997): Spirochetes and other bacterial species associated with bovine digital dermatitis. FemsMicrobiology Letters. 156 (1): 37-41.
12- Demirkan, I., Carter, S.D., Murray, R.D., Blowey, R.W., Woodward, M.J., (1998): The frequent detection of a treponeme in bovine digital dermatitis by Immunocytochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. Veterinary Microbiology. 60 (2-4): 285-292.
13- Demirkan, I., Walker, R.L., Murray, R.D., Blowey, R.W., Carter, S.D., (1999): Serological evidence of spirochetal Infection associated with digital dermatitis in dairy cattle. The Veterinary Journal. 157 (1): 69-77.
14- Esch, M., Metzner, M., Klee, W., Nuske, S.J., (2000): Investigation of efficacy of a Poly-Vinyl-Pyrrolidine-Iodine complex for treatment of digital dermatitis in dairy cows. In: Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Lameness in Ruminants, pp: 190-192.
15- Ghashghaii, A., (2006): The evaluation of sporadic and group treatment of bovine digital dermatitis in different sized herds. In: Proceedings of 14th International Symposium and 6th Conference on Lameness in Ruminants, pp: 192-194.
16- Hernandez, J., Shearer, J.K., (2000): Efficacy of oxytetracycline for treatment of papillomatous digital dermatitis lesions on various anatomic locations in dairy cows. Journal of AmericanVeterinary Medical Association. 216 (8): 1288-1290.
17- Hernandez, J. Shearer, J.K., Elliott, J.B., (1999): Comparison of topical application of oxytetracycline and four nonantibiotic solutions for treatment of papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cows. Journal of AmericanVeterinary Medical Association. 214 (5): 688-690.
18- Kofler, J., Pospichal, M., hofmann, M., (2004): Efficacy of the non-antibiotic paste Protexine ® Hoof-care for topical treatment of digital dermatitis in dairy cows. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A- Physiology Pathology Clinical Medicine. 51 (9-10): 447-452.
19- Laven, R.A., Hunt, H., (2002): Evaluation of copper sulphate, formalin and peracetic acid in footbath for the treatment of digital dermatitis in cattle. Veterinary Record. 151 (5): 144-146.
20- Laven, R.A., Logue, D.N., (2006): Treatment strategies for digital dermatitis for the UK. The Veterinary Journal. 171 (1): 79-88.
21- Laven, R.A., Proven, M.J., (2000): Use of antibiotic footbath in the treatment of bovine digital dermatitis. Veterinary Record. 147 (18): 503-506.
22- Logue, D.N., Offer, J.E., Laven, R.A., Ellis, W.A., (2005): Digital dermatitis – The aetiological soup. The Veterinary Journal. 170 (1): 12-13.
23- Manske, T., Hultgren, J., Bergsten, C., (2002): Topical treatment of digital dermatitis associated with severe heel-horn erosion in a Swedish dairy herd. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 53 (3): 205-231.
24- Moor, D.A., Bery, S.L., Truscott, M.L., Koziy,V., (2001): Efficacy of a non-antibiotic cream administered topically for the treatment of digital dermatitis in dairy cattle. Journal of AmericanVeterinary Medical Association. 219 (10): 1435-1438.
25- Moor, D.A., Woodward, M.J., Grogono-Thomas, R., (2005): The occurrence of treponemes in contagious ovine digital dermatitis and characterization of associated Dichelobacter nodosus. Veterinary Microbiology.111 (3-4): 199-209.
26- Nowrozian, I., Ahoraei, P., Zarei, S., Azizi, M.J.S.. Sayedjavadi, S.M., (1999): Digital dermatitis in dairy Cattle. In:Proceeding of the First Iranian symposium of Veterinary surgery and Radiology. 3-14.
27- Nuss, K., (2005): Footbath: The solution to digital dermatitis. The Veterinary Journal. 171 (1): 11-13.
28- Pospichal, M., Kofler, J., (2003): Treatment of digital dermatitis (Mortellaro disease) in dairy cows with the non-antibiotic Protexin ® Hoof-Care. Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsschrift. 90 (9): 244-253.
29- Read, D.H., Walker, R.L., (1998): Papillomatous digital dermatitis (footwarts) in California dairy cattle: Clinical and gross pathologic findings. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 10 (1): 67-86.
30- Rijpkema, S.G.T., David, G.P., Hughes, S.L., Woodward, M.J., (1997): Partial identification of spirochaetes from two dairy cows with digital dermatitis by polymerase chain reaction analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Veterinary Record. 140 (10): 257-259.
31- Rodriguez-lainz, A.R., David, W.H., Garpenter, T.E., Read, D.H. (1996): Case-control study of papillomatous digital dermatitis in southern California dairy farms. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 28 (2): 117-131.
32- Rodriguez-lainz, A.R., Hird, D.W., Walker, R.L., Read, D.H., (1996): Papillomatous digital dermatitis in 458 dairies. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association. 209 (8): 1464-1467.
33- Schroeder,C.M., Parlor, K.W., Marsh, T.L., Ames, N.K., Geoman, A.K., Walker, R.L., (2003): Characterization of the predominant anaerobic bacterium recovered from digital dermatitis lesions in three Michigan dairy cows. Anaerobe 9 (3): 51-155.
34- Shearer, J.K., Elliott, J.B., (1998): Papillomatous digital dermatitis: Treatment and control strategies – Part I. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian. 20 (8): S158.
35- Shearer, J.K., Hernandez, J., (2000): Efficacy of two modified nonantibiotic formulations (Victory) for treatment of papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cows. Journal of DairyScience. 83 (4): 741-745.
36- Shearer, J.K., Hernandez, J., Elliott, J.B., (1998): Papillomatous digital dermatitis: Treatment and control strategies – Part II. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian. 20 (9): S213.
37- Silva, L.A.F., Silva, C.A., Borges, J.R.J., Floravanti, M.C.S., (2005): A clinical trial to assess the use of sodium hypochlorite and oxytetracycline on the healing of digital dermatitis lesions in cattle. Canadian Veterinary Journal. 46 (4): 345-348.
38- Somers, J.G.C.L., Frankena, K., Noordhuizen-Stassen E.N., Metz, J.H.M., (2005): Risk factors for digital dermatitis in dairy cows kept in cubicle houses in the Netherlands. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 71: 11-21.
39- Stamm, L.V., Bergen, H.L., Walker, L.R., (2002): Molecular typing of papillomatous digital dermatitis-associated Treponema isolated based on analysis of 16S-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer regions. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 40 (9): 3463-3469.
40- Trott, D.J., Moeller, M.R., Zuerner, R.L., Goff, J.P., Waters, W.R., Alt, D.P., Walker, L.R., Wannemuehler, M.J., (2003): Characterization of Treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated from papillomatous digital dermatitis lesions in dairy cattle. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 41 (6): 2522-2529.
41- Vanamstel, S.R. Vanvuuren, S., Tutt, C.L.C., (1995): Digital dermatitis – Report of an outbreak. Journal of South Afrrican Veterinary Association. 66 (3): 177-181.
42- Walker, L.R., Read, D.H., Loretz, K.J., Hird, W.D., Berry, S.L., (1997): Humoral response of dairy cattle to spirochetes isolated from papillomatous digital dermatitis lesions. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 58 (7): 744-749.
43- Yeruham, I., Perl, S., (1998): Clinical aspects of an outbreak of papillomatous digital dermatitis in a dairy cattle herd. Journal of South Afrrican Veterinary Association. (3): 112
_||_