ارزیابی تأثیر شاخص‌های محیط بر میزان سلامت جسم با تأکید بر نقش واسطه‌ای ترجیح ساکنین در محله‌های مسکونی استان مازندران
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه آینده پژوهی شهری
میترا فرجی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری، گروه معماری، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران)
راحله رستمی
2
(استادیار گروه معماری، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران)
مریم شباک
3
(استادیار گروه معماری، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران)
کلید واژه: ادراک محیط, سلامت جسم, ترجیح محیط, مازندران.,
چکیده مقاله :
عدم تحرک بدنی یکی از عوامل خطر پیشرو، برای مرگ‌ومیر جهانی است که حدود 20 تا 30 درصد تخمین زده می‌شود. محیط نقش به سزایی در سلامت جسمانی انسان ایفا می‌کند؛ اما دانش در مورد ویژگی‌های محیطی ادراک‌شده توسط فرد، بر میزان سلامتی از بسیاری از جهات ناشناخته باقی‌مانده است. بر همین اساس این پژوهش ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﻣﺖِ خود رتبه‌بندی شده (SRH) در بین مردم مازندران را موردبررسی ﻗﺮار می‌دهد، ارﺗﺒﺎط عوامل محیطی با میزان سلامت جسم را مقایسه و سپس نقش ترجیح محیط به‌عنوان متغیر واسطه‌ای بررسی می‌گردد. این تحقیق ازنظر هدف از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و به لحاظ نحوه گردآوری اطلاعات، از نوع پیمایشی و توصیفی محسوب می‌شود. در گام نخست عوامل مؤثر بر ادراک محیط از منابع معتبر داخلی و خارجی استخراج گردید و سپس توسط پرسشنامه نظرات افراد ثبت شد. جامعه‌ی آماری توسط نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌بندی‌شده با تعداد نمونه‌ی 450 نفر در محلات برگزیده‌ی شهرهای نور، آمل، بابلسر و چالوس در استان مازندران انجام گردید. پرسشنامه در دو بخش و به‌طور هم‌زمان جمع‌آوری ﺷﺪ. در بخش اول ﺑﺮاي اندازه‌گیری ﺳﻼﻣﺖ جسمانی از پرسشنامه‌ی استاندارد سلامت خود رتبه‌بندی شده استفاده شد. سپس ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ادراک ویژگی‌های ﻣﺤﻠﻪ و ترجیحات افراد نسبت به محیط ﻣﺤﻠﻪ، تأثیر مؤلفه‌های یکسان، شامل؛ امکانات، امنیت، مقصد و زیبایی‌شناسی موردسنجش قرار گرفت. داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده توسط، برازش مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که ادراک ویژگی‌های محیط با عدد 0.30 بر میزان سلامت جسم مؤثر است، همچنین ویژگی محیط نیز با عدد 0.15 بر ترجیح محیط اثر مثبت و معنادار داشت. عامل ترجیح محیط به‌عنوان متغیر واسطه‌ای با عدد 0.18- بر میزان سلامت نتیجه‌ی معکوس و معنادار داشت. به‌طوری‌که با کاهش ترجیحات محیط، شاهد افزایش سلامت جسم هستیم.
Environmental perceptions play an important role in individual physical health in all environments, and the influence of the environment on the physical health of individuals is undeniable. This study surveyed the relationship between environmental variables and public health(SRH) in residential neighborhoods, as well as the role of environmental preferences as a mediating variable among the people of Mazandaran. The data were collected using a two-part questionnaire. In part one, the statements are part of the SF-36 questionnaire about public health. In the second part, to measure the perception of neighborhood characteristics and environmental preferences, its security, facilities, aesthetics and destination were measured. A sample of 450 residents was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Structural equation modeling indicated that the perception of environmental characteristics had a significant effect on physical health, but environmental preferences did not play a mediating role in the relationship between environmental characteristics and physical health. According to our results we observed that as the preferences of the environment decreased, the health condition increased. This study was intended to promote physical health in urban planning and reconstruction of neighborhoods. Environmental characteristics play an essential role in physical health. The study examined the effect of each characteristic of the environment on the physical health of citizens. The mediating role of environmental preferences was also considered. This study offers new insight into the relationship between the environment and physical health and can be applied to a wide range of neighborhoods.
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