پهنه‌بندی پتانسیل مناطق مستعد توسعه سامانه‌های آبیاری نوین با استفاده از روش‌های AHP و GIS (مطالعه موردی: دشت زیدون پلدشت، استان آذربایجان غربی)
احمد عبدالله پور
1
(
گروه مدیریت کشاورزی، واحد ماکو، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ماکو، ایران.
)
سکینه جبارپور
2
(
گروه مدیریت کشاورزی، واحد ماکو، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ماکو، ایران.
)
رستم آقازاده
3
(
گروه مدیریت کشاورزی، واحد ماکو، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ماکو، ایران.
)
کلید واژه: سامانه‌های آبیاری نوین, تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره, GIS, AHP, مدیریت منابع آب, دشت زیدون,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با هدف پهنه‌بندی پتانسیل مناطق مستعد توسعه سامانه‌های آبیاری نوین در دشت زیدون پلدشت، استان آذربایجان غربی انجام شد. با توجه به چالش‌های مدیریت آب در کشاورزی و اهمیت این دشت به عنوان قطب کشاورزی و بزرگترین مجتمع باغی خاورمیانه، شناسایی مناطق بهینه برای سیستم‌های آبیاری کارآمد ضروری است. رویکرد تلفیقی از روش تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی (AHP) و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) برای ارزیابی پتانسیل و تهیه نقشه‌ی پهنه‌بندی مناسبت مناطق به کار گرفته شد. 5 معیار اصلی و 11 زیرمعیار شامل ویژگی‌های آب (کیفیت و کمیت)، خصوصیات خاک (بافت، شیب، EC)، شرایط اقلیمی (سرعت باد)، عوامل اجتماعی- اقتصادی (مالکیت، دسترسی به امکانات) و الگوی کشت، پس از جمع‌آوری نظرات 36 کارشناس خبره استانی از طریق پرسشنامه‌های مقایسات زوجی AHP وزن‌دهی شدند. نتایج تحلیل AHP نشان داد که بافت خاک، میزان آبدهی، هدایت الکتریکی (EC) آب و سرعت باد مهم‌ترین عوامل مؤثر بر تعیین استعداد مناطق برای توسعه سامانه‌های آبیاری نوین در دشت زیدون هستند. تلفیق این اطلاعات با وزن‌های AHP در محیطGIS، به تهیه نقشه پهنه‌بندی نهایی منجر شد. این نقشه نشان داد که حدود 60 درصد از مساحت دشت زیدون مناسب و بسیار مناسب برای استقرار سامانه‌های آبیاری نوین (به‌ویژه قطره‌ای) بوده، در حالی که 40 درصد نامناسب تشخیص داده شدند. مناطق مستعد عمدتاً دارای خاک‌های با بافت سبک تا متوسط، شیب کم، دسترسی مناسب به آب با کیفیت قابل قبول) EC کمتر از 3 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر( و شرایط اجتماعی- اقتصادی مساعد هستند. نتایج این پژوهش بر نقش راهبردی و کارآمد تلفیق AHP و GIS در برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای و مدیریت پایدار منابع آب و خاک تأکید دارد. در نهایت، به منظور افزایش بهره‌وری آب و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی در این منطقه حیاتی، اولویت‌بخشی و ترویج استقرار سامانه‌های آبیاری قطره‌ای در مناطق مستعد شناسایی شده پیشنهاد می‌شود.
چکیده انگلیسی :
This research aimed to zone the potential areas for modern irrigation system development in Zaydoon Poldasht Plain, West Azerbaijan Province. Given agricultural water management challenges and the plain's significance as a major agricultural hub and the Middle East's largest horticultural complex, identifying optimal areas for efficient irrigation systems is crucial. An integrated approach combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) multi-criteria decision-making method and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was employed for potential assessment and suitability mapping. Five main criteria and 11 sub-criteria, including water characteristics (quality/quantity), soil properties (texture, slope, EC), climatic conditions (wind speed), socio-economic factors (land ownership and access to facilities), and cropping pattern, were weighted based on 36 provincial experts' opinions via AHP pairwise comparison questionnaires. AHP analysis revealed that soil texture, available water yield, water electrical conductivity (EC), and wind speed are the most influential factors for modern irrigation system development suitability in Zaydoon Plain. Integrating these layers with AHP weights in GIS generated the final zoning map. This map indicated that approximately 60% of the plain's area is suitable/highly suitable for modern irrigation systems (especially drip irrigation), while 40% was deemed unsuitable. Suitable areas primarily possess light to medium-textured soils, low slopes, good access to acceptable quality water (EC < 3 dS/m), and favorable socio-economic conditions. This study emphasizes the strategic and effective role of AHP-GIS integration in regional planning and sustainable water/soil resource management. Finally, to enhance water productivity and ensure sustainable agricultural development in this vital region, the prioritization and promotion of drip irrigation system establishment in identified suitable areas are recommended.
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