Anti-plasmodial diterpenes from the roots of Hypoestes forsskaolii (Vahl) R.Br (Acanthaceae)

Subject Areas : Natural Products: Isolation and Characterization

Fred Wanyonyi Sawenja ¹ , Ruth Anyango Omole ² , Peter Gakio Kirira ³ , Hamisi Masanja Malebo ⁴ , Alex Kingóri Machocho ⁵ , Richard Maveke Musau ⁶ , Isalah Omolo Ndiege ⁷

1 - Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; School of Chemistry and Material Science, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
2 - Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; School of Chemistry and Material Science, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
3 - Centre for Traditional Medicine & Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O Box 54840 Nairobi 00200, Kenya
4 - Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Department of Traditional Medicine Research, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
5 - Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
6 - Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
7 - Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi 00100, Kenya

Received: 2023-05-29 Accepted : 2023-10-29 Published : 2023-11-12

Keywords: Acanthaceae, Anti-plasmodial, Diterpenes, Hypoestes forsskaolii (Vahl) R.Br., Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum D6 (CQ-sensitive), Roots,

Abstract :

Ethno-pharmacological surveys previously revealed that Hypoestes forskalei (Vahl) Sol. Roemer & Schl.(Acanthaceae), a local medicinal plant, is one of the most widely used herbs in traditional malaria therapy by the Marakwet and Kisii communities in Kenya. This study was aimed at validating the indigenous medicinal knowledge claims on the efficacy of H. forskalei and its safety as a traditional anti-malarial drug. It involved the sequential solvent extraction of plant material, bioassay-guided separation and isolation of components, identification of anti-plasmodial principles of H. forskalei and determination of their cytotoxicity and selectivity. From the roots of H. forskalei, (3, 4a, 7, 7,10a-pentamethyl-1, 3-vinyl-dodecahydro-benzo[f]chromene (1) and (3,4a,7,7,10a-pentamethyl-3-vinyl-dodecahydrobenzo[f]chromen-8-ol (2) with moderate and mild anti-plasmodial activity at IC50 2.39±0.0 µg/mL (7.81 µM) and 4.34±0.03 µg/mL or 15.0 µM), respectively, were isolated plus the inactive kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (IC50 19.75±0.11 µg/mL or 65.40 µM) against Plasmodium falciparum D6 (CQ-sensitive) strain.

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