Shahrood sport tourism planning using SWOT technique with emphasis on natural attractions
Subject Areas : Geography and tourism planning, geography and urban planning, urban planning, architecture, geography and rural planning, political geography
Seyed Mostafa Tayebi Sani
1
(Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Human Science, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran)
Hooman Bahmanpour
2
(Department of Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran)
Seyed Hamed Mirkazemi
3
(M.Sc. Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Human Science, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran)
Afsaneh Rohany
4
(PhD sport management, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran)
Keywords:
Abstract :
The purpose of this study was to re-identify the potential environmental and natural attractions that can affect the sport tourist attraction development from perspective of experts and pundits in Shahrud and determine the importance rate of each variable. This is a survey research analysis. At first, a list of environmental attractions and sport natural potential were prepared in the study area. Then, through using geographical information system (GIS) and land use map layers overlaying technique and also Transmittal, Shahrud city natural attractions were prepared for the first time. Information layers overlaying has been done by Arc GIS software edited version. In the following, through a questionnaire in the form of Likert, which its validity was approved by professors, and, its reliability was obtained (α = 0.95) by Cronbach alpha, were consulted. The statistical population of this research includes four different groups of tourism, environment and natural resources experts, university teachers, sport and exercise experts, managers and relative staffs of tourism travelling official tours. Statistical sample of (n=26) samples available of total population of (n=40) have been achieved. In this study, Factor analysis was used for analysis. Also, the results of internal and external factors collected in separate matrix implied that the total value of weakness and strengthen point was (M2.229); it indicates that the weakness points defeated the strengthen points; the total value of threats and opportunities was (M=2.253) which indicates that threats defeated the opportunities. Hence, the chosen strategies are defensive.
Adabi،g، 2005. Study of Factors Influencing Tourism Development in Iran due to International Sporting Events, Master's Degree Program, Tarbiat Modares University, 111 p.
Iran's Environmental Protection Agency, 2006, Atlas of Protected Areas, Publications of the Environmental Protection, Tehran.
Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism organization، 2011. National Tourism organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran, No. 1. 2108 p.
Shahnama. Hossein, 2009, Shahrood Tourist Attractions, Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood, Iran.
Iranian Center for Statistics. 2016. National Center for Statistics and Information. {Www.amar.org.ir}.
Islamic Consultative Research Center, 2012, review of the national tourism document of the country. First
Hector, A. 2003 Investigating factors of tourism development in Iran due to international sporting events, Master's thesis, Tarbiat Moallem University. Tehran
Açiksöz, S., Görmü, S., Karadeniz, N. 2010. Determination of ecotourism potential in national parks: Kure mountains national park, Kastamonu-Bartin, Turkey, African Journal of Agricultural Research. Vol. 5(8), pp. 589-599.
Andueza, Miranda. 2005. The role of sport tourism destination chosen by tourists visiting spain, Journal of sport tourism. 7, (2): pp 44-47.
Bimonte, S., & Punzo, L. 2003. Turismo, sviluppo economico e sostenibilita`: Teoria e pratica. Siena: Protagon.22. 345-357.
Castellani, V., Sala, S. 2010. Sustainable performance index for tourism policy development. Tourism Management. 31. 871–880.
Cave, P., Leader, C. 2003. Sport tourism: The role of sport tourism: the case for a local approach in Africa, Second Africans on peace trough tourism.6. pp 25-37.
Ceballos-Lascurain, H. 1996. Tourism, Ecotourism, and Protected Areas: The State of Nature-based Tourism around the World and Guidelines for its Development. 315 P. IUCN-World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland.
Daniels, M., Norman, W., Henry, M. 2004. Estimating Income Effects of a Sport Tourism Event. Annals of Tourism Research, 31: pp180–199.
Daniels, M. J. 2007. Central place theory and sport tourism impacts, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp 332–347.
Funk, D. C., Bruun, T. J. 2007, the role of socio-psychological and culture-education motives in marketing international sport tourism: A cross-cultural perspectives, Tourism Management, 28, pp 806–819.
Fyall A., Jago L, 2010. Sustainability in Sport & Tourism, Journal of Sport & Tourism Volume 14, 2009 - Issue 2-3, pp 208-222.
Gelan, A. 2003. Local Economic Impacts: The British Open. Annals of Tourism Research, 30: pp 406–425.
Gibson, H. J. 1998. Sport tourism: A critical analysis of research, Sport Management Review, 1, pp 45–76.
Gratton, C., Taylor, P. 2000. The economics of sport and recreation, New York: E & FN Spon. 255 P.
Higham, J., Hinch, T. 2002. Tourism, sport and seasons: the challenges and potential of overcoming seasonality in the sport and tourism sectors, Tourism Management. 23, pp 175–185
Hinch, T., Higham, J. 2003. Tourism Development, Channel View.
IMO. 2011. I. R. of Iran Meteorological Organization. {www.irimo.ir}.
Jago, L., Chalip, L., Brown, G., Mules, T., Ali, S. 2003. Building events into destination branding: Insights from experts. Event Management, 8, pp 3–14.
Jennifer, K., Strickland-Munro, J. K., Allison, H. E., Moore, S. A. 2010. Using resilience concepts to investigate the impacts of protected area tourism on communities, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 499–519.
Keller, P. 2001. Sport & tourism: Introductory report. Madrid: World Tourism Organization.
KO Sasi, V. 2005. Sport tourism in India, Journal of Sport Tourism. 10, (1): pp 13-28.
Lee, C., Taylor, T. 2005. Critical Reflections on the Economic Impact Assessment of a Mega-event: The Case of 2002 FIFA World Cup. Tourism Management, 26: pp 595–603.
Marobela, M. N. 2011. Tourism and Decent Work in Botswana: from private sector to a collectivist model, African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure Vol. 1 (3). Pp 18-29.
Moosavi. S.J., Safania. A.M, 2013. Feasibility athletic abilities nature (ecotourism, sports) West Mazandaran using SWOT analysis, International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, Vol, 5 (10): pp 1238-1244.
NDNTM. 2007. I. R. of IRAN National Document for development and Nature Tourism Management, Central Research of Water and Energy, National Committee of Ecotourism. 314 P.
Neto, F. 2003. A new approach to sustainable tourism development: moving beyond environmental protection. Natural Resources Forum, 27, 212.
Prideaux, B., Cooper, M. 2010. Ecotourism in Indonesia: A Strategy for Regional Tourism Development, Asian Journal on Hospitality and Tourism, Vol 1. Number 2. 79 P.
Standeven, J., DeKnop, P. 1999. Sport tourism Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
United Nations World Tourism Organization. 2006. International trade statistics. Geneva: World Trade Organization. {www.who.org}.
United Nations World Tourism Organization. 2016. Tourism facts and figures. Available from www.unwto.org. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism facts and figures. Available from www.unwto.org. 2014.
Wells, M. 1997. Economic perspectives on nature tourism, conservation and development. Environment Department No. 55 (Environmental Economics Series). Washington DC: World Bank. 121 P.
Zhu P, 2009. Studies on Sustainable Development of Ecological Sports Tourism Resources and Its Industry, journal of sustainable development, Vol. 2, No. 2. Pp 87-101.