ارائه یک مدل برنامه‌ریزی بهینه برای ایستگاه‌های شارژ سریع خودروهای برقی در یک شبکه توزیع کم آلاینده با هدف بهبود پارامترهای فنی و اقتصادی
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق قدرت
موید محسنی
1
,
علیرضا نیکنام کومله
2
,
جواد ابراهیمی
3
,
مهیار عباسی
4
,
محمود جورابیان
5
1 - شرکت سهامی برق منطقه ای خوزستان، اهواز، ایران
2 - گروه مهندسی برق، دانشگاه صنعتی امیر کبیر، تهران، ایران
3 - اداره آموزش و پرورش استان اصفهان، مدیریت ناحیه 4، اصفهان، ایران
4 - گروه مهندسی برق، دانشکده مهندسی ، دانشگاه اراک، ایران
5 - گروه مهندسی برق، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
کلید واژه: برنامه ریزی بهینه, ایستگاه شارژ خودروی برقی, شارژ گسسته, پروفیل بار, توسعه شبکه توزیع ,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از بزرگترین و مهم‌ترین دلایل حذف خودروهای بنزینی و دیزلی از بازارهای جهانی خودرو، میزان بالای آلایندگی آنهاست که موجب شده بسیاری از شهرهای بزرگ و صنعتی در جهان با معضل آلودگی همیشگی هوا مواجه شوند و شهروندان ساکن در آنها نیز با مشکلات متعددی مواجه شوند. اما استفاده از خودروهای برقی این معضلات متعدد را نداشته و باعث استقبال روز افزون ازخودروهای برقی شده است. در اکثر مقالات نرخ شارژ پیوسته در نظر گرفته شده است حال آنکه ایستگاه‌های شارژ با نرخ گسسته کار می‌کنند و اکثراً از نوع تک نرخی هستند. در این مقاله مدل ریاضی برای شارژ خودروهای برقی با نرخ گسسته بیان شده است که در آن منفعت مشترکین خودروی برقی، منفعت واحد هماهنگ ساز شارژ و منفعت بهره بردار شبکه به طور همزمان برآورده می‌شود. سپس مساله جلوگیری از قطع و وصل‌های بالا که منجر به آسیب رسانی به ایستگاه شارژ می‌شود در قالب ریاضی بیان شده و به مساله اعمال می‌گردد. در نهایت مدل برنامه ریزی توسعه ایستگاه شارژ نرخ گسسته در شبکه به عنوان نوآوری مطرح و توسط روش برنامه‌ریزی غیرخطی آمیخته با عدد صحیح بهینه می‌شود. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که نرخ شارژ گسسته خودروی برقی در عین سادگی می تواند فواید متعددی را از دیدگاه مسطح سازی پروفیل بار، تامین توان مورد نیاز مشترکین، و رعایت قیود امنیت شبکه را به همراه داشته باشد. اما عدم توسعه شبکه توزیع منجر به جلوگیری از رشد سطح نفوذ خودروهای برقی در شبکه خواهد شد. همچنین حضور این ایستگاه‌ها و برنامه‌ریزی بهینه آنها باعث کاهش میزان انتشار آلاینده‌ها در محیط زیست می‌شود.
One of the biggest and most important reasons for the removal fossil cars from the global car markets is their pollution, which has caused air pollution. But the use of electric cars does not have these many problems and has led to the increasing popularity of electric cars. In most of the articles, the charging rate is considered continuous, while the charging stations work with a discrete rate and are mostly of single rate type. In this paper, the mathematical model for electric vehicles charging with a discrete rate is stated, in which the benefit of the electric vehicle consumers, the benefit of the charging coordinating unit, and the benefit of the network operator are met equally. Then, the problem of preventing high disconnections and connections that lead to damage to the charging station is expressed in mathematical form and applied to the problem. Finally, the development planning model of the discrete rate charging station in the network is proposed as an innovation and optimized by the mixed integer non-linear programming method. The results show that the electric vehicle's discrete charging rate, while simple, can bring many benefits from the point of view of flattening the load profile, providing the power required by the consumers, and meeting the network security restrictions. But the lack of development of the distribution network will prevent the growth of penetration of electric vehicles in the network. Also, the presence of these stations and their optimal planning will reduce the emission of pollutants in the environment.
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