کاربردپذیری و گونه‌شناسی الگوهای نوین خط مشی‌گذاری: الگوهای انطباقی، شبکه‌ای و نوآوری
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش های مدیریت راهبردی
نیما اسکندری نیا
1
(دانشجوی دکترا مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد،واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی, تهران، ایران)
کرم اله دانش فرد
2
(استاد مدیریت دولتی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تهران، ایزان)
ابوالحسن فقیهی
3
(استاد مدیریت دولتی،واحد علوم و تحقیقات ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: رویکرد مرحله‌ای, رویکرد انطباقی, رویکرد نوآورانه, شبکه خط مشی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش، دستیابی به دیدگاهی جامع از کاربردها، اهداف و نتایج، گونه‌شناسی و عللشکل‌گیری هر یک از رویکردهای نوین خط مشی‌گذاری انطباقی، شبکه‌های خط مشی‌گذاری و خط مشی گذاری نوآورانه(اشاعه خط‌مشی نوآورانه) از طریق مرور ادبیات می‌باشد. پس از معرفی فرآیند مرحله‌ای یا چرخه خط مشی‌گذاری عمومی، انتقادات بسیار شدیدی نسبت به این رویکرد وارد شد و در سال‌های اخیر، رویکردهای نوینی از جمله اشاعه نوآوری، خط مشی‌گذاری انطباقی و شبکه خط مشی‌گذاری برای پوشش خلاء‌های رویکرد مرحله‌ای، مطرح شده‌اند. این پژوهش از طریق انجام یک مرور ساختاریافته با بررسی 181 مقاله شامل 75 مقاله با موضوع رویکرد انطباقی، 57 مقاله با رویکرد شبکه‌ای و 49 مقاله با رویکرد نوآوری، نشان می‌دهد که این رویکردها دارای کاربردها، اهداف و حوزه های خاص می باشند و بنا به دلایل اقتضائی مختلف شکل گرفته‌اند.بنابراین هیچ یک از این رویکردها، قادر نیستند به‌عنوان جایگزینی کامل برای رویکرد مرحله مورد استفاده قرار بگیرند و در استفاده از این رویکردها باید به شرایط اقتضائی شامل اهداف و نتایج حاصل از بکارگیری رویکرد، حوزه های بکارگیری رویکرد و کاربردهای آن توجه شود.
The purpose of this study is to achieve a comprehensive view of the applications, objectives and results, typology and causes of the formation of each of the new approaches to adaptive policy-making, innovative policy-making networks and policy-making (dissemination of innovative policy-making) through literature review. After the introduction of the step-by-step process or cycle of public policy, there was a lot of criticism of this approach. And in recent years, new approaches have been proposed, including the dissemination of innovation, adaptive policy-making, and the policy-making network to fill gaps in the step-by-step approach. This research shows that these approaches have specific applications, goals and areas by conducting a structured review by reviewing 181 articles including 75 articles on adaptive approach, 57 articles on network approach and 49 articles on innovation approach which have been emerged based on various contingent reasons. Therefore, none of these approaches can be used as a complete alternative to the step-by-step approach, and in using these approaches, the contingency conditions including the goals and results of applying the approach, areas of application and its applications should be considered
الوانی، سید مهدی، شلویری، میثاق (1394). اجرای خط مشی عمومی: دیدگاه‌های نظری و راهکارهای عملی، تهران: مرکز آموزش مدیریت دولتی
ساباتیر، پول ای (1393). نظریه های فرآیند خط مشی عمومی، ترجمه حسن دانایی فرد، تهران: صفار
تیسن، ویل ای اچ، واکر، وارن ای (1394). تحلیل خط مشی عمومی: پیشرفت های جدید، ترجمه حسن دانایی فرد و هانیه احمدی، تهران: صفار
Bekkers, Victor & Tummers, Lars (2018). Innovation in the Public Sector: Towards an Open and Collaborative Approach, International Review of Administrative Sciences, 84(2), 209-213.
Berry, Frances Stokes (1994). Innovation in Public Management: The Adoption of Strategic Planning, Public Administration Review, 34(4), 322-330.
Bogers, Marcel, Chesbrough, Henry & Moedas, Carlos (2018). Open Innovation: Research, Practices and Policies, California Management Review, 60(2), 5-16.
Borins, Sandford (2001). Public Management Innovation: Toward a Global Perspective, American Review of Public Administration, 31(1), 5-21.
Bovaird, T, Van Ryzin, G.G, Loeffler, E & Parrado, S (2014). Activating Citizens to Participate in Collective Co-Production of Public Services, Cambridge University Press, 44(1), 1-23.
Bryson, John, Sancino, Alessandro, Benington, John & Sorensen, Eva (2017). Toward a Multi-Actor Theory of Public Value Co-Creation, Public Management Review, 19(3), 640-654.
Eriksson, Erik M (2019). Representative Co-Production: Broadening The Scope of The Public Service Logic, Public Management Review, 21(2), 291-314.
Etzioni, Amitai (1967). Mixed-Scanning: A Third Approach to Decision-Making, Public Administration Review, 27(5), 385-392.
Haider, Muhiuddin & Kreps, Gary L (2004). Forty Years of Diffusion of Innovations: Utility and Value in Public Health, Journal of Health Communication, 9(1), 3-11.
Hamarat, Caner, Kwakkel, Jan H & Pruyt, Erik (2012). Adaptive Robust Design Under Deep Uncertainty, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 80(3), 1-11.
Hill, Michael & Hupe, Peter (2014). Implementing Public Policy: An Introduction to the Study of Operational Governance, New York: SAGE Publication.
Howlett, Michael & Nair, Sreeja (2016). Policy Myopia as a source of Policy Failure: Adaptation and Policy Learning Under Deep Uncertainty, Policy & Politics, 45(1), 1-16.
Howlett, Michael & Rayner, Jeremy (2006). Understanding The Historical Turn in The Policy Sciences: Critique of Stochastic, Narrative, Path Dependency and Process-Sequencing Models of Policy-Making Over Time, Policy Sciences, 39(1), 1-18.
Jenkins-Smith, H & Sabatier, P (1994). Evaluating the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Journal of Public Policy, 14(2), 175-203.
Klaster, Esther, Wilderom, Celeste and Muntslag, Dennis (2018). Beyond the Network Border: The Emergence of Regional Meta-Networks and Their Effects on Dutch Public Policy Projects, Project Management Journal, 49(2), 1-14.
Kulac, Onur & Ozgur, Huseyin (2017). An Overview of The Stages(Heuristics) Model as a Public Policy Analysis Framework, European Scientific Journal, 13(12), 144-157.
Kwakkel, Jan, Haasnoot, Marjolijn & Walker, Warren (2016). Coping With the Wickedness of Public Policy Problems: Approaches for Decision Making Under Deep Uncertainty, Journal of Water Planning & Management, 142(3), 1-5.
Kwakkel, Jan, Haasnoot, Marjolijn, Walker, Warren & Ter Maat, Judith (2013). Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways: A method For Crafting Robust Decisions For a Deeply Uncertain World, Global Environment Change, 23(1), 485-498.
Kwakkel, Jan, Walker, Warren & Marchau, Vincent (2010). Classifying and Communicating Uncertainties in Model-Based Policy Analysis, International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, 10(4), 299-315.
Lyytinen, Kalle & Damsgaard, Jan (2007). What’s Wrong With the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, International Federation for Information Processing, 22(1), 173-190.
March, James G (1962). The Business Firm as a Political Coalition, The Journal of Politics, 24(4), 662-678.
Marchau, Vincent, Walker, Warren & Van Wee, G.P (2010). Dynamic Adaptive Transport Policies for Handling Deep Uncertainty, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 77(6), 940-950.
Mclain, Rebecca & Lee, Robert G (1996). Environment Management, 20(4), 437-448.
Mintzberg, Henry, Raisinghani, Duru & Theoret, Andre (1976). The Structure of Unstructured Decision Processes, Administrative Science Quarterly, 21(2), 246-275.
Nakamura, Robert & Smallwood, Frank (1980), The Politics of Policy Implementation, New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Nakamura, Robert (1987). the Textbook Policy Process and Implementation Research, Review of Policy Research, 7(1), 142-154.
Navarra, Diego D & Cornford, Tony (2005). ICT, Innovation and Public Management: Governance, Models and Alternatives for Egovernment Infrastructures, European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS).
O’ Toole, Jr, Laurence (2014). Networks and Networking: The Public Administrative Agendas, Public Administration, Review, 75(3), 361-371.
Osborne, S.P., Radnor, Z & Strokosch, K (2016). Co-Production and The Co-Creation of Value in Public Service: A Suitable Case for Treatment?, Public Management Review, 18(5), 639-653.
Osborne, Stephen P (2018). From public service-dominant logic to public service logic: are public service organizations capable of co-production and value co-creation?, Public Management Review, 20(2), 225-231.
Raso, Luciano, Kwakkel, Jan & Timmermans, Jos (2019). Assessing the Capacity of Adaptive Policy Pathways to Adapt on Time by Mapping Trigger Values to Their Outcomes, Sustainability Journal, 17(1716), 1-16.
Sabatier, Paul A (1986). Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches to Implementation Research: A Critical Analysis and Suggested Synthesis, Journal of Public Policy, 6(1), 21-48.
Sabatier, Paul A (2007) Theories of the Policy Process, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Sabatier, Paul (1991). Toward Better Theories of The Policy Process, Political Science and Politics, 24(2), 147-156.
Sahin, Ismail(2006) Detailed Review of Rogers Diffusion of Innovations Theory and Educational Technology-Related Studies Based on Rogers Theory, The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 5(2), 14-23.
Voorberg, W.H., Bekkers, V.J.J.M & Tummers, L.G (2014). A Systematic Review of Co-Creation and Co-Production: Embarking on The Social Innovation Journey, Public Management Review, 17(9), 1333-1357.
Walker, JL (1969). The Diffusion of Innovation among the American States, American Political Science Review, 63(3), 880-899.
Walker, Warren & Marchau, Vincent (2017). Dynamic Adaptive Policymaking for the Sustainable City: The Case of Automated Taxis, International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, 1(6), 1-19.
Walker, Warren Rahman, S. Adnan & Cave, Jonathan (2001). Adaptive Policies, Policy Analysis and Policy Making, European Journal of Operational Research,12(2), 282-289.
Weible, Christopher M., Sabatier, Paul A. Jenkins-Smith, Hank C., Nohrstedt, Daniel, Douglas Henry, Adam & Deleon, Peter (2011). A Quarter Century of the Advocacy Coalition Framework: An Introduction to the Special Issue, Policy Studies Journal, 39(3), 349-360.
Zakaria, Zaki, Idris, Khairudin & Ismail, Mohd Bakhari (2017). Blue Ocean Leadership Practices Towards Promoting Employee Engagement in Public Service, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(3), 85-98.