بررسی مقایسهای اثر عصاره آبی و الکلی پوست انار بر انگل تریکوموناس واژینالیس در شرایط برونتنی
محورهای موضوعی :
میکروب شناسی
فرانک کلانتری دزفولی
1
,
زهره مومنی
2
,
مهدیس ابراهیم زاده
3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد، گروه میکروبیولوژی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه میکروبیولوژی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه میکروبیولوژی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/08/07
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/05/06
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/10/01
کلید واژه:
تریکوموناس واژینالیس,
انار,
IC50,
عصاره آبی,
عصاره الکلی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: تریکومونایازیس، مهمترین بیماری مقاربتی جنسی غیر ویروسی است که توسط تکیاخته تاژکدار تریکوموناس واژینالیس ایجاد میشود. مترونیدازول موثرترین دارویی است که میتواند اثرات نامطلوبی داشته باشد. گیاهان دارویی به دلیل عوارض جانبی کمتر، مقبولیت بیشتری داشته و مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی مقایسهای اثر عصاره آبی و الکلی پوست انار بر انگل تریکوموناس واژینالیس در شرایط برونتنی انجام شد.مواد و روشها: عصاره آبی و الکلی از پوست انار تهیه و کشت انگل در محیط کشت TYM انجام گرفت. در محیط کشت تاثیر غلظتهای (100،200،400،800،1600،3200) میکروگرم بر میلی لیتر عصاره الکلی و آبی پوست انار بر رشد انگل تریکوموناس واژینالیس در 24 و 48 ساعت بررسی شد. تاثیر مترونیدازول به عنوان کنترل مثبت و محیط کشت تنها به عنوان کنترل منفی بر انگل مذکور ارزیابی شد. همچنین تاثیر مترونیدازول با غلظتهای (10، 8، 4، 2، 1، 5/0) میکروگرم بر میلی لیتر بر روی رشد انگل تریکوموناس در بازه زمانی 24 و 48 ساعت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در همه موارد، تعداد انگل زنده و مرده با رنگآمیزی تریپان بلو و لام نئوبار شمارش شد. مقدار IC50 به کمک نرمافزار GraphPad Prism 9 محاسبه گردید. تمامی مراحل آزمایش سه بار تکرار و نتایج به صورت میانگین در نظر گرفته شد.نتایج: مقدار IC50 عصارههای آبی و الکلی پوست انار به ترتیب 3/226 و 9/109 میکروگرم بر میلی لیتر در 24 ساعت و 16/60 و 6/32 میکروگرم بر میلی لیتر در 48 ساعت محاسبه گردید. مقدار IC50 مترونیدازول در بازه زمانی 24 و 48 ساعت، به ترتیب 28/0 و 1/0 میکروگرم بر میلی لیتر محاسبه شد. عصاره الکلی پوست انار اثر مهارکنندگی 100% در غلظت 3200 میکروگرم بر میلی لیتر بعداز 24 ساعت در مجاورت با انگل را نشان داد.نتیجهگیری: عصارههای آبی و الکلی پوست انار دارای خواص ضد تریکومونایی میباشد. خاصیت ضد انگلی عصاره الکلی بیشتر از عصاره آبی است. مطالعات بیشتر و جامعتری برای بررسی ترکیبات پوست انار در شرایط برونتنی و درونتنی پیشنهاد میشود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Objectives: Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection in the world. Metronidazole is currently used for the treatment of trichomoniasis, which has side effects. In recent years, the use of plants has been considered by researchers. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-trichomonal activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of pomegranate peel on Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro.Methods: In this experimental study, the extracts were prepared, and to evaluate the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extract of pomegranate peel on Trichomonas vaginalis parasites, the concentrations of 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 µg/ml were prepared. Metronidazole and TYM medium were considered positive and negative controls, respectively. Afterward, 105 live parasites were added to all wells, and all groups were kept at 37°C. Live parasites were counted at 24 and 48 h intervals by Trypan Blue using a neobar slide microscope (Hemocytometer). Also, the effect of metronidazole (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 µg/ml) was investigated as a drug control. Subsequently, the IC50 value for the above extract was calculated using GraphPad Prism 9. It should be noted that all steps of the experiment were performed in triplicate and the results were considered as average.Results: The IC50 of aqueous and alcoholic extract of pomegranate peel on Trichomonas vaginalis were calculated at 226.3, 109.9 μg/ml after 24h and 60.16 and 32.6 μg/ml after 48h, respectively. The IC50 of metronidazole was calculated at 0.28 and 0.1 μg/ml after 24h and 48h. The highest mortality rate (100%) was observed at a concentration of 3200 μg/ml after 24h of exposure.Conclusion: While the aqueous and alcoholic extract of pomegranate peel has an anti-Trichomonas effect, the anti-Trichomonas properties of the alcoholic extract are more than its aqueous extract. Further and more comprehensive studies are suggested to investigate this plant's constituents and the parasite's lethal effect in vitro and in vivo conditions.
منابع و مأخذ:
Van Gerwen OT & Muzny CA. Recent advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. F1000Research. 2019; 8.
DOI: 12688/f1000research.19972.1
Korich F, Reddy N & Trent M. Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis: addressing disparities and promoting public health control of two emerging sexually transmitted infections. Current opinion in pediatrics. 2020; 32(4): 482.
Swygard H, Miller WC, Kaydos-Daniels SC, Cohen MS, Leone PA, Hobbs MM & et al. Targeted screening for Trichomonas vaginalis with culture using a two-step method in women presenting for STD evaluation. Sex Transm Dis. 2004; 31(11): 659-64.
Rasti S, Taghriri A & Behrashi M. Trichomoniasis in parturients referring to Shabihkhani hospital in Kashan, 2001-02. Feyz J Kashan Univ Med Sci. 2003; 7. (in Persian)
Brandelli CLC, Vieira PdB, Macedo AJ & Tasca T. Remarkable anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity of plants traditionally used by the Mbyá-Guarani indigenous group in Brazil. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 2013. DOI: 1155/2013/826370
Rafieian-Kopaei M, Yousofi Darani H, Delaram M, Safdari F, Banaian S, Sereshti M & et al. Effects of eucalyptus camaldulensis exracts on trichimonas vaginalis growth in vitro. J Med Plants. 2012; 2(42): 116-20. (in Persian).
Cunningham F, Leveno K, Bloom S, Spong CY & Dashe J. Williams obstetrics, 24e. Mcgraw-hill New York, NY, USA; 2014.
Berek JS & PJA H. Berek & Novak, s gynecology, 15th Tehran: Artin teb; 2012.
Jafarnezhad F, Kiyani Mask M, Rakhshandeh H & Taghi Shakeri M. Comparison of the percentage of medical success for Phytovagex vaginal suppository and Metronidazole oral tablet in women with bacterial vaginosis. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2017; 20(3):
29-39. (in Persian).
Ezatpour B, Badparva E, AHMADI S, Rashidipour M & Ziaei H. Investigation of anti Trichomonas vaginalis activity of Lavandula angyustifolia essential oil in invitro media. JOURNAL OF ILAM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES. 2009; 14(4): 31-6. (in Persian)
Naemi F, Asghari G, Yousofi H & Yousefi HA. Chemical composition of essential oil and anti trichomonas activity of leaf, stem, and flower of Rheum ribes L. extracts. Avicenna J phytomedicine. 2014; 4(3): 191-9. (in Persian)
Khalili B, Rafieian M, Hejazi SH, Yusefi HA, Yektaian N & SHIRANI BL. Effect of Achillea millefolium, Artemisia absinthium & Juglans regia leaves extracts on Trichomonas vaginalis, in vitra. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. 2011; 12(4): 62-9. (in Persian)
Lansky E, Shubert S, Neeman I & oet al. Pharmacological and therapeutic properties
of pomegranate. In: Symposium on production, processing and marketing of pomegranate in the Mediterranean region: advances in research and technology Séminaires Méditerranéens (CIHEAM); 2000: 231-5.
Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Gaitini D, Nitecki S, Hoffman A, Dornfeld L & et al. Pomegranate juice consumption for 3 years by patients with carotid artery stenosis reduces common carotid intima-media thickness, blood pressure and LDL oxidation. Clin Nutr. 2004; 23(3): 423-33.
Zhang L, Zhang Y & Yang X. Antioxidant effects on oil and antibacterial activities of extracts from different parts of pomegranate. ZHONGGUO LIANGYOU XUEBAO. 2010; 25: 38-43.
Momeni Z, Sadraei J, Kazemi B & Dalimi A. Molecular typing of the actin gene of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by PCR-RFLP in Iran [Internet]. Experimental parasitology Elsevier. 2015; 159: 259-63. DOI:1016/j.exppara.2015.10.011
Meri T, Jokiranta TS, Suhonen L & Meri S. Resistance of Trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole: Report of the first three cases from Finland and optimization of in vitro susceptibility testing under various oxygen concentrations. J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38(2): 763-7.
Moon T, Wilkinson JM & Cavanagh HMA. Antiparasitic activity of two Lavandula essential oils against Giardia duodenalis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Hexamita inflata. Parasitol Res. 2006; 99(6): 722-8.
Tonkal A. In Vitro Antitrichomonal Effect of Nigella Sativa Aqueous Extract and Wheat Germ Agglutinin. J King Abdulaziz Univ Sci. 2009; 16(2): 17-34.
Vazini H & Rahimi Esboei B. In vitro study of the effect of hydroalcholic extracts of Carum copticum and Ferula asafetida against Trichomonas vaginalis. Sci J Kurdistan Univ Med Sci. 2018; 23(1): 76-83. (in Persian)
FAKHRIE KZ, Arbabi M, Delavari M, TAGHIZADEH M, Hooshyar H & Solaymani F. The effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Pelarqonium roseum on the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. 2014; 18(4): 369-75. (in Persian)
Yousefi M & et al. In-Vitro Effect of Menthe Piperita and Salvia Officinalis Extracts on Trichomonas Vaginalis. J Isfahan Med. 2013; 31(240): 811-8. (in Persian)
Baharvandi Z & Sadraei J. Comparison of the Effect of Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Mango and Blueberry Extracts on Trichomonas vaginalis in Vitro. Infect Epidemiol Med. 2016; 2(3): 24-7.
Ziaei Hezarjaribi H, Nadeali N, Fakhar M & Soosaraei M. Medicinal plants with anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity in Iran: A systematic review. Iran J Parasitol. 2019; 14(1): 1-9. (in Persian)
Mehriardestani M, Aliahmadi A, Toliat T, Rahimi R, Baharvandi Z, Sadraei J & et al. Medicinal plants and their isolated compounds showing anti-Trichomonas vaginalis-activity. Biomed & Pharmacother. 2017; 88(3): 885-93.
Rezaie-Kahkhaieh KPF. Evaluation of the Effect of Myrtus Comminus Extract on Trichomonas Vaginalis. J Zabol Med Sch. 2020; 3(1): 29-33. (in Persian)
Dahham SS, Ali MN, Tabassum H & Khan M. Studies on antibacterial and antifungal activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci. 2010; 9(3): 273-81.
Opara LU, Al-Ani MR & Al-Shuaibi YS. Physico-chemical properties, vitamin C content, and antimicrobial properties of pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.). Food Bioprocess Technol. 2009; 2(3): 315-21.
Salahvarzi Y, Tehranifar A, Jahanbakhsh V & et al. Relation of antioxidant and antifungal activity of different parts of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extracts with its phenolic content. Iran J Med Aromat Plants. 2011; 27(1). (in Persian)
_||_
Van Gerwen OT & Muzny CA. Recent advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. F1000Research. 2019; 8.
DOI: 12688/f1000research.19972.1
Korich F, Reddy N & Trent M. Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis: addressing disparities and promoting public health control of two emerging sexually transmitted infections. Current opinion in pediatrics. 2020; 32(4): 482.
Swygard H, Miller WC, Kaydos-Daniels SC, Cohen MS, Leone PA, Hobbs MM & et al. Targeted screening for Trichomonas vaginalis with culture using a two-step method in women presenting for STD evaluation. Sex Transm Dis. 2004; 31(11): 659-64.
Rasti S, Taghriri A & Behrashi M. Trichomoniasis in parturients referring to Shabihkhani hospital in Kashan, 2001-02. Feyz J Kashan Univ Med Sci. 2003; 7. (in Persian)
Brandelli CLC, Vieira PdB, Macedo AJ & Tasca T. Remarkable anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity of plants traditionally used by the Mbyá-Guarani indigenous group in Brazil. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 2013. DOI: 1155/2013/826370
Rafieian-Kopaei M, Yousofi Darani H, Delaram M, Safdari F, Banaian S, Sereshti M & et al. Effects of eucalyptus camaldulensis exracts on trichimonas vaginalis growth in vitro. J Med Plants. 2012; 2(42): 116-20. (in Persian).
Cunningham F, Leveno K, Bloom S, Spong CY & Dashe J. Williams obstetrics, 24e. Mcgraw-hill New York, NY, USA; 2014.
Berek JS & PJA H. Berek & Novak, s gynecology, 15th Tehran: Artin teb; 2012.
Jafarnezhad F, Kiyani Mask M, Rakhshandeh H & Taghi Shakeri M. Comparison of the percentage of medical success for Phytovagex vaginal suppository and Metronidazole oral tablet in women with bacterial vaginosis. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2017; 20(3):
29-39. (in Persian).
Ezatpour B, Badparva E, AHMADI S, Rashidipour M & Ziaei H. Investigation of anti Trichomonas vaginalis activity of Lavandula angyustifolia essential oil in invitro media. JOURNAL OF ILAM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES. 2009; 14(4): 31-6. (in Persian)
Naemi F, Asghari G, Yousofi H & Yousefi HA. Chemical composition of essential oil and anti trichomonas activity of leaf, stem, and flower of Rheum ribes L. extracts. Avicenna J phytomedicine. 2014; 4(3): 191-9. (in Persian)
Khalili B, Rafieian M, Hejazi SH, Yusefi HA, Yektaian N & SHIRANI BL. Effect of Achillea millefolium, Artemisia absinthium & Juglans regia leaves extracts on Trichomonas vaginalis, in vitra. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. 2011; 12(4): 62-9. (in Persian)
Lansky E, Shubert S, Neeman I & oet al. Pharmacological and therapeutic properties
of pomegranate. In: Symposium on production, processing and marketing of pomegranate in the Mediterranean region: advances in research and technology Séminaires Méditerranéens (CIHEAM); 2000: 231-5.
Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Gaitini D, Nitecki S, Hoffman A, Dornfeld L & et al. Pomegranate juice consumption for 3 years by patients with carotid artery stenosis reduces common carotid intima-media thickness, blood pressure and LDL oxidation. Clin Nutr. 2004; 23(3): 423-33.
Zhang L, Zhang Y & Yang X. Antioxidant effects on oil and antibacterial activities of extracts from different parts of pomegranate. ZHONGGUO LIANGYOU XUEBAO. 2010; 25: 38-43.
Momeni Z, Sadraei J, Kazemi B & Dalimi A. Molecular typing of the actin gene of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by PCR-RFLP in Iran [Internet]. Experimental parasitology Elsevier. 2015; 159: 259-63. DOI:1016/j.exppara.2015.10.011
Meri T, Jokiranta TS, Suhonen L & Meri S. Resistance of Trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole: Report of the first three cases from Finland and optimization of in vitro susceptibility testing under various oxygen concentrations. J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38(2): 763-7.
Moon T, Wilkinson JM & Cavanagh HMA. Antiparasitic activity of two Lavandula essential oils against Giardia duodenalis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Hexamita inflata. Parasitol Res. 2006; 99(6): 722-8.
Tonkal A. In Vitro Antitrichomonal Effect of Nigella Sativa Aqueous Extract and Wheat Germ Agglutinin. J King Abdulaziz Univ Sci. 2009; 16(2): 17-34.
Vazini H & Rahimi Esboei B. In vitro study of the effect of hydroalcholic extracts of Carum copticum and Ferula asafetida against Trichomonas vaginalis. Sci J Kurdistan Univ Med Sci. 2018; 23(1): 76-83. (in Persian)
FAKHRIE KZ, Arbabi M, Delavari M, TAGHIZADEH M, Hooshyar H & Solaymani F. The effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Pelarqonium roseum on the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. 2014; 18(4): 369-75. (in Persian)
Yousefi M & et al. In-Vitro Effect of Menthe Piperita and Salvia Officinalis Extracts on Trichomonas Vaginalis. J Isfahan Med. 2013; 31(240): 811-8. (in Persian)
Baharvandi Z & Sadraei J. Comparison of the Effect of Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Mango and Blueberry Extracts on Trichomonas vaginalis in Vitro. Infect Epidemiol Med. 2016; 2(3): 24-7.
Ziaei Hezarjaribi H, Nadeali N, Fakhar M & Soosaraei M. Medicinal plants with anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity in Iran: A systematic review. Iran J Parasitol. 2019; 14(1): 1-9. (in Persian)
Mehriardestani M, Aliahmadi A, Toliat T, Rahimi R, Baharvandi Z, Sadraei J & et al. Medicinal plants and their isolated compounds showing anti-Trichomonas vaginalis-activity. Biomed & Pharmacother. 2017; 88(3): 885-93.
Rezaie-Kahkhaieh KPF. Evaluation of the Effect of Myrtus Comminus Extract on Trichomonas Vaginalis. J Zabol Med Sch. 2020; 3(1): 29-33. (in Persian)
Dahham SS, Ali MN, Tabassum H & Khan M. Studies on antibacterial and antifungal activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci. 2010; 9(3): 273-81.
Opara LU, Al-Ani MR & Al-Shuaibi YS. Physico-chemical properties, vitamin C content, and antimicrobial properties of pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.). Food Bioprocess Technol. 2009; 2(3): 315-21.
Salahvarzi Y, Tehranifar A, Jahanbakhsh V & et al. Relation of antioxidant and antifungal activity of different parts of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extracts with its phenolic content. Iran J Med Aromat Plants. 2011; 27(1). (in Persian)