بهبود شاخص سطح برگ و غلظت کلروفیل (SPAD) سویا با محلول‌‌پاشی نانو کلات آهن، روی و منگنز در شرایط آبیاری محدود

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهی

محمد سعید وقار ¹ (استادیار، گروه زراعت، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/05/24 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/06/15 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/10/01

کلید واژه: غلظت کلروفیل برگ, شاخص سطح برگ, سویا, ریزمغذی‌ها, تنش خشکی, آبیاری محدود,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف: در فرآیند تغذیه گیاه عناصر ضروری باید به اندازه کافی در دسترس گیاه باشند تا با حفظ تعادل عناصر غذایی، عملکرد افزایش یابد. پژوهش حاضر به منظور بهبود شاخص سطح برگ و غلظت کلروفیل توسط محلول‌‌پاشی نانوکلات آهن، روی و منگنز در جهت افزایش عملکرد سویا در شرایط آبیاری محدود انجام شد.مواد و روش‌‌ها: آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال (۱۳۹۴و ۱۳۹۵) انجام شد. تیمارها شامل: رژیم آبیاری (آبیاری کامل، قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی، غلاف‌‌دهی و ابتدای دوره پرشدن دانه) و محلول‌‌پاشی (آب مقطر (شاهد)، آهن، روی، منگنز، آهن + روی، آهن + منگنز، روی + منگنز و آهن + روی + منگنز) بود.نتایج: تنش خشکی شاخص سطح برگ را به طور معنی‌‌داری کاهش داد. بیشترین کاهش از برهمکنش تیمار شاهد و قطع آبیاری در مرحله غلاف‌دهی بدست آمد که نسبت به تیمار آبیاری کامل، 5/31 درصد کاهش داشت. محلول‌‌پاشی روی + منگنز در تعدیل تنش خشکی موفق‌تر بود و شاخص سطح برگ را نسبت به شاهد 4/49 درصد افزایش داد. قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی، غلظت کلروفیل را 2/11 درصد و در مرحله غلاف‌دهی 5/16درصد به ترتیب افزایش و کاهش داد. با کاربرد نانوکلات آهن + روی غلظت کلروفیل برگ در مرحله غلاف‌دهی و پرشدن دانه 8/3۸ و 1/39 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت و به عنوان بهترین تیمار شناخته شد.نتیجه‌‌گیری: در شرایط آبیاری محدود تغذیه برگی نانوکلات آهن، روی و منگنز راهکاری مناسب و سازگار با بحران آب است و می‌‌تواند با تعدیل تنش خشکی و بهبود شاخص سطح برگ و غلظت کلروفیل، عملکرد دانه سویا را بهبود دهد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Objectives: Maintaining the balance of nutrients leads to increase yield so the essential elements should be available enough in the process of plant nutrition. This experiment was performed by foliar application of iron, zinc, and manganese nano-clates under limited irrigation conditions to improving leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll concentration.Methods: The two years experiment was conducted (2016-2017). The main plot included four levels of irrigation: full irrigation, irrigation withhold at flowering stage, podding stage, and grain filling period. The subplot included eight levels of foliar application with Fe, Zn, Mn, Fe+Zn, Fe+Mn, Zn+Mn, Fe+Zn+Mn nano-chelates, and distilled water (control).Results: Drought stress reduced leaf area index significantly. The highest reduction was obtained from the interaction of control treatment and cessation of irrigation in the pod stage, which was 31.5% less than the full irrigation treatment. Foliar application of Zn+Mn was more successful in modulating drought stress and increased leaf area index by 49.4% compared to the control. Irrigation cessation in flowering stage increased chlorophyll concentration by 11.2% and decreased it by 16.5% in pod stage. With the application of Fe+Zn nano-chelate increased on leaf chlorophyll concentration in the pod stage and grain formation by 38.8% and 39.1% compared to the control and was recognized as the best treatment.Conclusion: In limited irrigation conditions, foliar feeding of Fe, Zn and Mn nano-chlates is a suitable solution and compatible with water crisis and can improve soybean yield by modifying drought stress and improving leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll concentration.

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