تأثیر تنش شوری بر جوانه‌زنی و خصوصیات گیاهچه‌ای درمنه خزری (Artemisia annua L.)
محورهای موضوعی : تنش های محیطیمحمد حسین بیجه کشاورزی 1 , حشمت امیدی 2
1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزي، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: جوانه زنی, تنش شوری, گیاهچه, درمنه خزری,
چکیده مقاله :
تنش شوری یکی از عوامل مهم محدودکننده رشد وتولید محصولات کشاورزی است.گیاهان نیز مانند سایر موجودات زنده در برابر تنش‌ها حساس هستندو می‌توانند در اثر قرار گرفتن در معرض تنش‌های مختلف دچار آسیب شوند.جوانه زنی و رشد گیاهچه از مراحل مهم فنولوژیک گیاه هستند که در شرایط تنش شوری اهمیت ویژه‌ای پیدا می‌کنند.درمنه خزری(Artemisia annua L.)یکی از گیاهان دارویی مهمی است که از دیرباز در طب سنتی ایران و سایر کشورهای آسیایی مورد استفاده قرار می گرفته است. در این مطالعه، اثر تنش شوری بر جوانه زنی (درصد و سرعت)و خصوصیات گیاهچه های (طول ریشه چه، طول ساقه چه، وزن تر و خشک) درمنه خزری بررسی شد. این آزمایش در سال 1402 در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار در آزمایشگاه زراعت دانشگاه شاهد انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 4 سطح شوری(0، 50، 100 و 150 میلی مولار)ناشی از نمک کلرید سدیم بود. داده‌های به دست آمده با استفاده از نرم افزارSAS تجزیه و تحلیل و مقایسه میانگین ها با آزمون دانکن در سطح احتمال 5 درصد انجام گرفت. نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که بیشترین درصد و سرعت جوانه زنی و بیشترین طول ساقه چه و طول ریشه چه و نیز بیشترین وزن تر و خشک گیاهچه مربوط به تیمار شاهد (بدون شوری)بود. همچنین در غلظت‌های 150 میلی مول به بالا جوانه زنی مشاهده نشد.در نتیجه با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه می‌توان دریافت که تنش شوری تأثیر منفی بر جوانه زنی و رشد گیاهچه درمنه خزری دارد و بیانگر حساسیت بالای آن به شوری است.
Salinity stress is a significant factor that imposes limitations on the growth and productivity of crops. Like other living organisms, plants are susceptible to various stresses and can suffer damage when exposed to them.Under conditions of salinity stress, the stages of germination and seedling growth become particularly crucial in the life cycle of plants.Artemisia annua L., an important medicinal plant with a long history of use in traditional Iranian and other Asian medicine, was the subject of investigation in this research.The aim was to examine the impact of salinity stress on the germination process(both in terms of percentage and rate)and the characteristics of seedlings(such as radicle length,plumule length, fresh weight, and dry weight)in Artemisia annua L.The study was carried out in 2023,employing a completely randomized design with four replications at the Department of Agronomy in Shahid University.The experimental treatments consisted of four levels of salinity(0,50,100,and150 mM)induced by sodium chloride salt.The data obtained were analyzed using SAS software, and the means were compared utilizing the Duncan test at a 5%probability level.The findings of this experiment demonstrated that the control treatment(without salinity)exhibited the highest percentage and speed of germination, as well as the longest radicle and plumule lengths, and the greatest fresh and dry weights of the seedlings.Germination was not observed at concentrations of 150mM and higher.Hence, based on the outcomes of this study, it can be concluded that salinity stress has an adverse impact on the germination process and seedling growth of Artemisia annua L.,revealing the plant's heightened sensitivity to salinity.
Afshar Mohammadian, M., Ebrahimi Nokandeh, S., Damsi, B. and Jamal Omidi, M. 2016. The effect of different levels of salinity on germination and growth indices of four cultivars of Arachis hypogaea L. J. Plant Res. 8(4): 1-7.
Ahmadi, Kh., Karimi Jalilehvandi, T. and Shojaeian, A. 2019. Evaluating the effect of natural salinity stress on the germination indices of Calendula officinalis, Linum usitatissimum L and cuscuta sp. J. Seed Sci. 28(1): 23-33.
Alizadeh, A. 2009. The relationship between water, soil and plants. Emam Reza Pub.
Bajji, M., Kinet, J.M. and Lutts, S. 2002. Osmotic and ionic effects of NaCl on germination, early seedling growth, and ion content of Atriplex halimus (Chenopodiaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 80(3): 297-304. https://doi.org/10.1139/b02-008
Basra, S.M.A., Ashraf, M., Iqbal, N., Khaliq, A. and Ahmad, R. 2004. Physiological and biochemical aspects of pre-sowing heat stress on cottonseed. Seed Sci. Technol. 32: 765-774
Ben-Gal, A. and Shani, U. 2002. Yield, transpiration and growth of tomatoes under combined excess boron and salinity stress. Plant Soil. 247:211-221.
Bijeh Keshavarzi, M.H., Ohadi Rafsanjani, M.S., Moussavinik, S.M. and Abdin, M.Z. 2011. Effect of salt (NaCl) stress on germination and early seedling growth of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Ann. Biol. Res. 2(4): 490-497.
Bijeh Keshavarzi, MH. 2012. Studying the effects of different levels of salinity which caused by NaCl on early growth and germination of Lactuca Sativa L. Seedling. J. stress physiol. biochem. 8(1): 203-208.
Chandrasekar, B.R., Ambrose G. and Jayabalan, N. 2005. Influence of biofertilizers and nitrogen source level on the growth and yield of Echinochola frumentacea (Roxb) Link. J. Agric. Technol. 1 (2): 223 – 234.
De Villiers, A.J., Van Rooyrn, M.W. and Can Deventer, H.A. 1994. Germination of three namaqualand pioneer species, as influenced by salinity, temperature and light. Seed Sci. Technol. 22: 427-433
Eisavand, H.R. and Maddah Arefi, H. 2007. Effects of some plant growth regulators on physiological quality of Bromus aged seeds. I. J. Rangelands Forests Pl. Breed. Genet. Res. 2(15): 159-171.
Gama, P.B.S., Inanana, S., Tanaka, K. and Nakazawa, R. 2007. Physiological response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings to salinity stress. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 6, 79-88.
Ghanbari, M. and Karamnia, S. 2017. Evaluation of the effect of seed aging on some characteristics of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) germination in the native population of Gilan province under salt stress conditions. Sixth National Conference on Iranian Beans. Khoramabad.
Hajghani, M., Saffari, M. and Maghsoudi Moud, A.A. 2008. The Effect of Different Levels of Salinity (NaCl) on Germination and Seedling Growth of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Cultivars. J. Crop Prod. 12(45): 449-458.
ISTA (International Seed Testing Association), 2009. International Rules for seed Testing
Jamil, M., Lee, D., Jung, K.Y., Ashraf, M. and Lee, S.C. 2006. Effect of salt stress on germination and early seedling growth of four vegetable species. J. Cent. Eur. Agric. 7: 273- 282.
Kader, M.A. and Jutzi, S.C. 2004. Effect of thermal and salt treatment during imbibition on germination seedling growth of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) at 42/19. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 190 (1): 35-38.
Kafi, M., Borzoee, A., Salehi, M., Kamandi, A., Masoumi, A., and Nabati, J. 2009. Physiology of environmental stresses in plans. Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press: Masshad.
Khalesro, S. and Aghaalikhani, M. 2007. Effect of salinity and water deficit stress on seed germination. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 77, 153- 163.
Mahdavi, B. and Modarres-Sanavy, S.A.M. 2007. Germination and seedling growth in grasspea (Lathyrus stivus) cultivars under salinity condition. Pakistan J. of Biol. Sci. 10(2), 273-279.
Mensuh, J.K., Akomeah, P.A., Ikhajiagbe, B. and Ekpekurede, E.O. 2006. Effects of salinity on germination, growth and yield of fie groundnut genotypes. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5(20): 1973-1979.
Miryeganeh, M. 2021. Senescence: The compromised time of death that plants may call on themselves. Genes, 12(2), 143.
Mohammed, E.l.M., Benbel, M. and Talouizete, A. 2002. Effect of sodium chloride on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L). Seed germination. 37:51-58.
Mostafavi, K. 2011. An Evaluation of Safflwer Genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.), Seed Germination and Seedling Characters in salt Stress Conditions. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 6 (7): 1667-1672.
Pessarakli, M. and Fardad, H. 1995. Nitrogen (total and 15N) uptake by barley and wheat under two irrigation regimes. J. Plant Nutr. 18(12): 2655-2667.
Ranganayakulu, G.S., Veeranagamallaiah, G. and Sudhakar, C.H. 2013. Effect of salt stress on osmolyte accumulation in two groundnut cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) with contrasting salt tolerance. Afr. J. Plant Sci. 12: 586-592
Razak, U.N.A.A., Ong, C.B., Yu, T.S., and Lau, L.K. 2014. In vitro micropropagation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in Malaysia. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 57.
Saglam, S., Day, S., Kaya, G., and Gurbuz, A. 2010. Hydroproming increases germination of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) under water stress. Notulae Scienctia Biologicae. 2(2):103-106.
Salem, N., Msaada, K., Dhifi, W., Limam, F. and Marzouk, B. 2014. Effect of salinity on plant growth and biological activities of Carthamus tinctorius L. extracts at two flowering stages. Acta Physiol. Plant. 36: 433-445.
Shahid, M., Pervez, M.A. and Ashraf, M.Y. 2011. Characterization of salt tolerant and salt sensitive pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes under saline regime. Pakistan j. of Life and Soc. Sci. 9: 201-208.
Shakori, M.J. and Bijeh Keshavarzi, M.H. 2020. Study the effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on Artemisia annua L. quantitative characteristics after and before flowering. J. Dev. Biol. 12(2): 11-22.
Uçarlý, C. 2020. Effects of Salinity on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Stage. In Abiotic Stress in Plants. In book: Abiotic Stress in Plants. Publisher: Intechopen.
Werner, J.E. and Finkelstein, R.R. 1995. Arabidopsis mutants with reduced response to NaCl and osmotic stresses. J. Plant Physiol. 93: 659-666.
Yadav, S., Modi, P., Dave, A., Vijapura, A., Patel, D. and Patel, M. 2020. Effect of abiotic stresson crops. Sustainable Crop Production.
Zeinali, E., Soltani, A. and Galeshi, S. 2002. Response of Germination Components to Salinity Stress in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.). Iran. J. Agric. Sci. 33(1): 137-145.
Zeng, J., Chen, A., Li, D., Yi, B. and Wu, W. 2013. Effects of Salt Stress on the Growth, Physiological Responses, and Glycoside Contents of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. J. Agric. Food Chem. 61(24), 5720-5726. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf401237x