اثر تلقیح قارچ مایکوریزا و بیوچار بر زیست توده اندام هوایی و برخی از پارامترهای بیوشیمیای گیاه ذرت (Zea mays L.)درشرایط تنش کبالت
محورهای موضوعی : فناوری های تولید پایدارفرهاد احمدی 1 , سیاوش حسینی سرقین 2 * , عادل سی وسه مرده 3 , وریا ویسانی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری،گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه ارومیه
2 - دانشیار، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه ارومیه
3 - استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان
4 - دانشیار گروه علوم باغی زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران
کلید واژه: فلزات سنگین, اصلاح کننده‌های خاک , ذرت,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: تجمع فلزات سنگین به ویژه کبالت (Co) در مزارع کشاورزی و ذخایر آبی به دلیل عوامل طبیعی و همچنین عوامل انسانی نگران کننده است. بکاربردن اصلاح کننده‌های خاک کم هزینه می‌تواند تحرک کبالت در خاک و جذب آن توسط گیاهان را محدود کند
مواد و روشها: به همین منظور در یک آزمایش گلدانی اثر اصلاح کننده‌های خاک (بیوچار و مایکوریزا) بر روی پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشمیایی گیاه ذرت تحت تنش کبالت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار و به صورت گلدانی در دانشگاه کردستان در سال 1401 اجرا شد. تلقیح با قارچ مایکوریزا (تلقیح بذور با قارچ مایکوریزا و عدم تلقیح بذور)، کاربرد بیوچار(پنج درصد وزن خاك و عدم کاربرد بیوچار) و غلظت‌های مختلف کبالت در سه سطح صفر، 60 ،120 پی‌پی‌ام در نظر گرفته شدند.
یافتهها: در تحقیق حاضر، بکاربردن کبالت بر وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی ،پروتئین محلول برگ، قند محلول برگ و جذب عناصر درشت مغدی و ریز مغذی ریشه اثر منفی می‌گذارد.
نتیجهگیری: در حالی که درتیمارهای ترکیبی بیوچار و مایکوریزا افزایش قابل توجهی در پارامترهای ذکر شده داشت. به طوری که میزان وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی به ترتیب 5/14، /8/14 درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد مشاهده شد. این مطالعه نشان داد که تلقیح گیاهان مایکوریزا همراه با بیوچار می‌تواند رشد ذرت، جذب مواد مغذی را در خاک آلوده به کبالت بهبود بخشد.
Objective: The high speed of industrialization and irrational use of natural resources have led to the accumulation of heavy metals in environment. The accumulation of heavy metals, especially cobalt in agricultural fields and Water reserves is a concern due to natural factors as well as human factors. Applying low-cost soil amendments can limit the mobility of cobalt in the soil and its uptake by plants.
Material and methods: In this study, the effect of soil amendments (biochar and mycorrhiza) on the physiological and biochemical parameters of corn plants under cobalt stress was investigated in a pot experiment. The factorial experiment was carried out in the form of a completely random design with three replications in pots at the University of Kurdistan in 2022. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus (inoculation mycorrhizal fungus and no inoculation), application of biochar (five percent of soil weight and no biochar) and different concentrations of cobalt at three levels of zero, 60, and 120 ppm were considered.
Results: In this study, applying cobalt has a negative effect on the fresh and dry weight of shoot, leaf soluble protein, leaf soluble sugar and the absorption of macronutrients and micronutrients in roots.
Conclusion: While in the combined treatments of biochar and mycorrhiza there was a significant increase in the mentioned parameters. So that the amount of fresh and dry weight of shoot are 14.5, 14.8, percentage, respectively increased compare to the control. This study showed that the inoculation of mycorrhizal plants with biochar can improve corn growth, nutrient uptake in cobalt-contaminated soil.
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