استفاده از پیشرفت های جدید فناوری نانو در کشاورزی
محورهای موضوعی : فناوری های نوین بسته بندی مواد غذایی و کشاورزی
1 - استادیار، گروه شیمی، واحد سوادکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سوادکوه، ایران
کلید واژه: کشاورزی, نانوتکنولوژی, بیوسنسورها, نانوکودها, نانو علف‌کش‌ها,
چکیده مقاله :
کشاورزی، موادغذایی و مواد خام را برای صنایع ساختمانی، انرژی، نساجی و داروسازی فراهم می‌کند. اخیراً کشاورزی با نگرانی‌های زیادی ازجمله تغییرات آب و هوایی، تخریب خاک، کاهش دسترسی به زمین، شهرنشینی، استفاده ناپایدار از منابع طبیعی، استفاده بیش‌ازحد از مواد شیمیایی کشاورزی، از دست دادن تنوع زیستی و آلودگی هوا مواجه بوده است. این مسائل هشداردهنده نیاز به مداخلات قوی دارد. شیوه‌های کشاورزی مرسوم نمی‌توانند این چالش‌ها را مدیریت کنند، زیرا پیچیده، نیازمند به کار فشرده، زمان‌بر، کم بازده، نیازهای زیاد به مواد مغذی محصول و غیر هدفمند هستند. علاوه بر این، استفاده ناکارآمد از مواد شیمیایی کشاورزی تهدیدی جدی برای اکوسیستم است؛ بنابراین دانشمندان، کشاورزان و سیاست‌گذاران، به‌طور دائم، در جستجوی تکنیک‌های جدید برای مبارزه با چالش‌های موجود هستند. نانوتکنولوژی به‌عنوان ناجی جدید کشاورزی پایدار در حال ظهور است. علاوه بر کشاورزی دقیق، از نانوحسگرها، برای تشخیص پاتوژن‌های گیاهی و آنالیت‌های مضر شیمیایی در مزارع کشاورزی استفاده شده است. علاوه بر این، نانو رباتیک‌ها و نانو بارکدها نیز تأثیر عمیقی بر شیوه‌های کشاورزی برای افزایش بازده نشان داده‌اند. کاربردهای عظیم نانوابزارها در کشاورزی به‌طور گسترده در تصویربرداری زیستی، سنجش، فوتوکاتالیز و تحویل مواد شیمیایی کشاورزی نقش دارد. این بررسی به‌طور جامع کاربردهای متنوع و عظیم نانوتکنولوژی در غلبه بر چالش‌های شیوه‌های متداول زراعی و چشم‌انداز آینده نانوتکنولوژی در کشاورزی را مورد بحث قرار می‌دهد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Industries such as building, energy, textiles, and pharmaceutical products rely on agriculture for food and raw materials. Recently, agriculture has been facing a multitude of concerns, such as climate change, soil degradation, decreasing land availability, urbanization, unsustainable use of natural resources, excessive use of agrochemicals, biodiversity loss, and air pollution. These alarming issues require immediate interventions. Conventional agricultural practices are unable to effectively address these challenges due to their complexity, labor-intensive nature, time-consuming processes, inefficiency, and high demand for crop nutrients. Additionally, the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals poses a significant threat to the ecosystem. In order to cope with current challenges, scientists, farmers and policymakers are therefore always looking for new techniques. Nanotechnology, as a new savior of sustainable agriculture, is emerging. In addition to precision agriculture, nanosensors have been used to detect crop pathogens and chemically harmful analytes in agricultural fields. Furthermore, the use of nanorobotics and nano-barcodes has a significant impact on agriculture, increasing crop yields. The applications of nanotools in agriculture are vast, including bioimaging, sensing, photocatalysis, and agrochemical delivery. This study comprehensively discusses diverse tremendous applications of nanotechnology in overcoming the challenges of conventional agronomic practices and future prospects of nanotechnology in agriculture.
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3. Usman M, Farooq M, Wakeel A, Nawaz A, Cheema SA, ur Rehman H, Ashraf I, Sanaullah M. Nanotechnology in agriculture: Current status, challenges and future opportunities. Science of the Total Environment. 2020; 721: 137778.
4. Kah M, Kookana RS, Gogos A, Bucheli TD. A critical evaluation of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers against their conventional analogues. Nature nanotechnology. 2018;13(8):677-84.
5. Mesnage R, Séralini GE. Toxicity of pesticides on health and environment. Frontiers in public health. 2018; 6: 268.
6. Roberts DP, Mattoo AK. Sustainable crop production systems and human nutrition. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2019; 3: 72.
7. Karn B, Kuiken T, Otto M. Nanotechnology and in situ remediation: a review of the benefits and potential risks. Environmental health perspectives. 2009; 117(12): 1813-31.
8. Joshi H, Choudhary P, Mundra SL. Future prospects of nanotechnology in agriculture. Int. J. Chem. Stud. 2019; 7(2): 957-63.
9. Vermeulen SJ, Aggarwal PK, Ainslie A, Angelone C, Campbell BM, Challinor AJ, Hansen JW, Ingram JS, Jarvis A, Kristjanson P, Lau C. Options for support to agriculture and food security under climate change. Environmental Science & Policy. 2012; 15(1): 136-44.
10. Singh D, Gurjar BR. Nanotechnology for agricultural applications: Facts, issues, knowledge gaps, and challenges in environmental risk assessment. Journal of Environmental Management. 2022; 322: 116033.
11. Mukhopadhyay SS, Sharma S. Nanoscience and nanotechnology: cracking prodigal farming. Journal of Bionanoscience. 2013; 7(5): 497-502.
12. Dasgupta N, Ranjan S, Ramalingam C. Applications of nanotechnology in agriculture and water quality management. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2017; 15: 591-605.
13. Chen YW, Lee HV, Juan JC, Phang SM. Production of new cellulose nanomaterial from red algae marine biomass Gelidium elegans. Carbohydrate polymers. 2016; 151: 1210-9.
14. Li Y, Cu YT, Luo D. Multiplexed detection of pathogen DNA with DNA-based fluorescence nanobarcodes. Nature biotechnology. 2005; 23(7): 885-9.
15. Yadav N, Garg VK, Chhillar AK, Rana JS. Recent advances in nanotechnology for the improvement of conventional agricultural systems: A Review. Plant Nano Biology. 2023; 18:100032.
16. Lowry GV, Avellan A, Gilbertson LM. Opportunities and challenges for nanotechnology in the agri-tech revolution. Nature nanotechnology. 2019; 14(6): 517-22.
17. Beketov MA, Kefford BJ, Schäfer RB, Liess M. Pesticides reduce regional biodiversity of stream invertebrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2013; 110(27): 11039-43.
18. Diaz RJ, Rosenberg R. Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems. science. 2008; 321(5891):926-9.
19. Klarich KL, Pflug NC, DeWald EM, Hladik ML, Kolpin DW, Cwiertny DM, LeFevre GH. Occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in finished drinking water and fate during drinking water treatment. Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2017; 4(5): 168-73.
20. Schillberg S, Finnern R. Plant molecular farming for the production of valuable proteins–Critical evaluation of achievements and future challenges. Journal of plant physiology. 2021; 258: 153359.
21. Hirsch AM, Valdés M. Micromonospora: An important microbe for biomedicine and potentially for biocontrol and biofuels. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2010; 42(4): 536-42.
22. Joshi H, Choudhary P, Mundra SL. Future prospects of nanotechnology in agriculture. Int. J. Chem. Stud. 2019; 7(2): 957-63.
23. Silva GA. Introduction to nanotechnology and its applications to medicine. Surgical neurology. 2004; 61(3): 216-20.
24. Rai, V., Acharya, S., & Dey, N. Implications of nanobiosensors in agriculture. 2012.
25. Duhan JS, Kumar R, Kumar N, Kaur P, Nehra K, Duhan S. Nanotechnology: The new perspective in precision agriculture. Biotechnology Reports. 2017; 15: 11-23.
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