نقش کشاورزان خرده‌پا در تأمین امنیت غذایی ملی از دیدگاه کارشناسان جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان باشت: کاربرد نظریۀ داده بنیاد
محورهای موضوعی : اقتصاد مقاومتی، غذا و کشاورزی
محمدصادق قلی‌پور
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مهدی نوری‌‌پور
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1 - گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج ،یاسوج، ایران
2 - گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج ،یاسوج، ایران
کلید واژه: کشاورزان خرده مالک, پایداری غذایی, کارشناسان کشاورزی, نظریۀ زمینه‌ای ,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از مسیرهای اصلی برای دستیابی به امنیت غذایی و تغذیه‌ای پایدار، تکیه بر تولید محلی مواد غذایی مغذی است؛ مسیری که در آن کشاورزان خرده‌پا نقشی محوری ایفا می‌کنند. با توجه به محدودیت‌های این گروه و کمبود تحقیقات پیشین، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش کشاورزان خرده‌پا در تولید و امنیت غذایی از دیدگاه کارشناسان جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان باشت انجام شد. روش تحقیق مبتنی بر راهبرد نظریه‌پردازی زمینه‌ای با رویکرد کیفی و استقرایی بود. نمونه‌گیری به صورت هدفمند و سپس گلوله‌برفی صورت گرفت و با ۲۰ نفر از کارشناسان مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختار یافته انجام شد. مصاحبه‌ها تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری ادامه یافت و داده‌ها طی سه مرحله کدگذاری باز (۴۸ کد)، محوری (۱۶ کد) و انتخابی تحلیل گردید. برای اطمینان از روایی و پایایی داده‌ها، از مثلث‌سازی، بازبینی مشارکت‌کنندگان، مشورت با اساتید و مستندسازی دقیق مراحل تحقیق استفاده شد. در تحلیل نهایی، «کشاورزان خرده‌پا» به‌عنوان پدیده اصلی معرفی شدند. شرایط علی اثرگذار شامل حمایت‌های دولتی و رسانه ای، توانمندسازی و مشارکت زنان، دسترسی نسبی به مکانیزاسیون، اهمیت زمین و حرفه کشاورزی، سلامت مصرف‌کننده و بهره‌مندی از دانش و تجربه کشاورزی بود. یافته‌ها نشان داد که کشاورزان خرده‌پا ستون فقرات امنیت غذایی کشور هستند و تقویت آن‌ها برای پایداری تولیدات ضروری است. کارشناسان بر لزوم حمایت‌های چندجانبه تأکید داشتند؛ از جمله فراهم کردن تسهیلات مالی، توسعه آموزش و ترویج، گسترش فناوری و نوآوری و بهبود نظام بازاررسانی. تنها در این صورت است که می‌توان نقش کلیدی این واحدها را در تولید و تأمین امنیت غذایی تثبیت و گسترش داد.
One of the main pathways to achieving sustainable food and nutrition security is reliance on local production of nutritious food a path in which smallholder farmers play a pivotal role. Given the limitations of this group and the scarcity of previous studies, the present research was conducted with the aim of examining the role of smallholder farmers in food production and food security from the perspective of agricultural experts in Basht County. The research method was based on a grounded theory strategy with a qualitative and inductive approach. Sampling was carried out purposefully and then through snowballing, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 experts. Interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached, and the data were analyzed in three stages: open coding (48 codes), axial coding (16 codes), and selective coding. To ensure validity and reliability, triangulation, participant review, consultation with professors, and careful documentation of research procedures were applied. In the final analysis, “smallholder farmers” were identified as the core phenomenon. Influential causal conditions included government and media support, women’s empowerment and participation, relative access to mechanization, the importance of land and farming as a profession, consumer health, and the use of agricultural knowledge and experience. The findings revealed that smallholder farmers are the backbone of the nation’s food security, and strengthening them is essential for the sustainability of production. Experts emphasized the necessity of multidimensional support, including financial facilities, development of training and extension services, expansion of technology and innovation, and improvement of market systems. Only under such conditions can the key role of these units in food production and food security be consolidated and expanded.
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