سمیت تنفسی و بازدارندگی تخمریزی اسانس چهار گونه گیاهی روی سوسک چهار نقطه‌ای حبوبات
محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکی
جهانشیر شاکرمی
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مجید فلاح زاده
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سمیرا الماسی
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کلید واژه: Essential Oil, اسانس, سمیت تنفسی, fumigation toxicity, بازدارندگی تخمریزی, سوسک چهار نقطه ای حبوبات, oviposition deterrency, Cowpea beetle,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور جایگزینی برای سموم متداول آفت کش اثر سمیت تنفسی و بازدارندگی تخمریزی اسانس گیاهان مرزه، پونه، اسطوخودوس و رزماری روی حشرات کامل سوسک چهار نقطه‌ای حبوبات Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Col.: Bruchidae) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 6 غلظت و 5 تکرار در شرایط دمایی 2±30 درجه سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی 5±60 درصد و تاریکی انجام شد. در غلظت 560 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا اسانس گیاهان مرزه، پونه، اسطوخودوس و رزماری به ترتیب باعث 78/95، 78/87، 33/57 و 11/65 درصد مرگ و میر حشرات بالغ سوسک چهار نقطه‌ای شدند. مقادیر LC50 محاسبه شده حاصل از اثر اسانس گیاهان مرزه، پونه، اسطوخودوس و رزماری روی حشرات بالغ به ترتیب برابر با 69، 106، 322 و 205 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا محاسبه گردید. هر چهار اسانس مورد مطالعه به طور معنی داری میزان تخم ریزی آفت را کاهش دادند. در بالاترین غلظت (190 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا) اسانس گیاهان مرزه، پونه، اسطوخودوس و رزماری به ترتیب باعث 22/83، 45/92، 34/62 و 24/73 درصد بازدارندگی تخمریزی این آفت شدند. اسانس‌های مرزه و پونه اثر کنترلی بالاتری از دیگر اسانس‌ها روی آفت داشتند و می‌توانند به عنوان حشره کش کم خطر برای کنترل آفات انباری مورد توجه قرار گیرند.
In order to find alternatives for conventional pesticides, the fumigant toxicity and ovipositional deterrency of essential oils of summer savory, pennyroyal mint, ostokhodus and rosemary were tested against adults of cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculates F. (Col.: Bruchidae). The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with six concentrations and five replications. Experiment was carried out at 30 ± 2 ˚C and 60 ± 5% R. H. under dark condition. Concentration of 560 µl/lair essential oils of summer savory, pennyroyal mint, ostokhodus and rosemary caused 95.78, 87.78, 57.33 and 65.11% mortality of adults, respectively. LC50 values of essential oils of summer savory, pennyroyal mint, ostokhodus and rosemary were found to be 69, 106, 322 and 205 µl/l on adults, respectively. Essential oils of all tested plants, showed significant reduction of ovipositional rate of cowpea beetle. The highest concentration (190 µl/lair) of essential oils of summer savory, pennyroyal mint, ostokhodus and rosemary caused 83.22, 92.45, 62.34 and 73.24% ovipositional deterrency, respectively. Essential oils of summer savory and pennyroyal mint showed the highest control on cowpea beetele. Therefore they could be recommended as safe pesticides for control of storage pests.
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