تأثیر قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار Glomus mosseae و G. intraradices روی بیماری‌زایی نماتد ریشه‌گرهی Meloidogyne javanica و تغییرات هیستوپاتولوژیکی در گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی آلوده به نماتد

محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکی

فاطمه سهرابی ¹ , علی اکبر فدایی تهرانی ²

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تاریخ دریافت : 1392/04/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/12/25 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/09/01

کلید واژه: Glomus mosseae, Tomato, root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, Glomus intraradices, گوجه فرنگی, سلول غول آسا, G. intraradices, micorrhzal fungi,

چکیده مقاله :

نماتد ریشه گرهی Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) یکی از بیمارگرهای مهم در بسیاری از محصولات کشاورزی به ویژه گوجه فرنگی می باشد. تشکیل سلول های غول آسا توسط نماتد یکی از تغییرات مهم سلولی در فرآیند ایجاد بیماری در گیاه می باشد. به منظور بررسی تأثیر قارچ های میکوریز روی بیماریزایی و تغییرات سلولی و بافتی ریشه گوجه فرنگی، از دو گونه قارچ میکوریز Glomus mosseae و G. intraradices استفاده شد. پس از تکثیر قارچ‌های مذکور روی شبدر سفید و شناسایی گونه نماتد و تکثیر آن روی رقم حساس گوجه فرنگی، آزمایشی به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. پس از طی 90 روز، ‌شاخص‌های رشد و نموی نماتد و تغییرات سلولی ریشه گیاهان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری نتایج حاصل، نشان‌دهنده اثر مثبت قارچ‌های میکوریز در کاهش بیماریزایی و خسارت نماتد بود. مقایسه میانگین تعداد و اندازه سلول های غول آسای ریشه نشان‌دهنده اختلاف معنی‌دار آماری بین گیاهان آلوده به نماتد میکوریزی و گیاهان آلوده به نماتد غیرمیکوریزی بود. به عبارت دیگر قارچ‌های مذکور تعداد و اندازه‌ سلول‌های غول‌آسا را کاهش دادند. این ‎کاهش به نوبه خود باعث کاهش رشد لاروها و تکامل آن ها گردیده بود. بنابراین قارچ‌های مورد بررسی می‌توانند ‌به عنوان کاندیداهای مناسبی جهت استفاده درکنترل بیولوژیکی نماتد ریشه گرهی مورد توجه قرارگیرند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) is one of the most important pathogens in many crops, especially in tomato. Formation of giant cells by nematode is the most important histological changes in disease process. Two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species, Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices were used to study the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on pathogenicity and histopathological changes of root-knot nematode, in a completely randomized design, performed in glasshouse. Fungi and nematode were propagated on white clover and tomato, respectively. Nematode-related factors and pathogenicity indices were evaluated, after the nematode completed three generations. Analysis of variance showed the positive effect of mycorrhizal fungi on nematode damages. Mean comparison of the number and size of giant cells were showing significant difference between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Thus mycorrhizal fungi caused reduction in number and size of giant 

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