آستانه تحمل گندم دیم به نماتد سیستی غلات Heterodera filipjevi، در آزمایش‌های گلدانی در ایران
محورهای موضوعی : گیاه پزشکی
معصومه حاجی حسنی
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ابوالفضل حاجی حسنی
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کلید واژه: Wheat, گندم, نماتد سیستی غلات, Heterodera filipjevi, حد تحمل, CCN, Tolerance limit,
چکیده مقاله :
نماتد سیستی غلات Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov)، به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل بیماری‌زای محدود کننده عملکرد گندم در برخی از نواحی کشت گندم دیم در جهان شناخته می‌شود. این گونه از تعدادی از مناطق کشت غلات در ایران نیز گزارش شده است. برای تعیین واکنش و حد تحمل گندم دیم رقم سرداری به تراکم های مختلف جمعیت نماتد H. filipjevi، دو آزمایش گلدانی در طی دو سال زراعی انجام گرفت. گلدان ها با تراکم های جمعیت اولیه صفر، 5/2، 5، 10 و 20 تخم و لارو سن دوم نماتد در هر گرم خاک به طور مصنوعی آلوده شدند. آزمایش‌ها در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با هفت تکرار در شرایط طبیعی مزرعه انجام شدند. در این تحقیق برای عملکرد دانه گندم، حد تحمل (T) 8/0 در سال اول و 6/0 تخم و لارو سن دوم در هر گرم خاک برای سال دوم ارزیابی شد. همچنین میانگین حد تحمل 7/0 تخم و لارو سن دوم در هر گرم خاک برای هر دو سال تعیین شد. حداقل عملکرد نسبی دانه گندم برای سال اول و دوم به ترتیب 4/0 و 45/0 تخم و لارو در جمعیت اولیه 40 و 64 تخم و لارو سن دوم در هر گرم خاک تعیین شد. جمعیت نهایی نماتد با افزایش تراکم جمعیت اولیه افزایش یافت و بیشترین میزان تولید مثل نماتد در تراکم جمعیت 5/2 تخم و لارو سن دوم بترتیب 6/4 و 9/3 برای سال های اول و دوم آزمایش بود.
The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi, is recognised as one of the most important soil-borne pathogens limiting yield in many rain-fed wheat growing areas throughout the world. It also occurs in many cereal growing regions of Iran. Two pot experiments were conducted under field conditions to evaluate the response and tolerance limit of winter wheat cv. Sardari to infestation with different population densities of H. filipjevi. Pots were artificially infested with initial population densities (Pi) of 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2s)/g soil. Each treatment was replicated seven times during two successive growing seasons. Tolerance limits (T) of 0.8 and 0.6 eggs and J2/g soil for the grain yield were estimated in the first and second years respectively, with an average of 0.7 egg and J2/g soil for both years. Minimum relative yields were 0.4 at the Pi of 40 in the first year and 0.45 at the Pi of 64 in the second year for the grain yield. The final population of H. filipjevi increased with increasing the Pi levels. The maximum reproduction rates of the nematode were 4.6 and 3.9 at the lowest Pi of 2.5 eggs and J2s/g soil in the first and second years respectively.
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