مرور فناوری‌های نوین در مدیریت دقیق و پایدار علفهای هرز: نانوذرات، هوش مصنوعی و رباتیک
محورهای موضوعی : علوم علفهای هرز
1 - دکترای علوم علفهای هرز، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 - کارشناس بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزي و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزي، مغان، ایران
کلید واژه: اکولوژیک, زیست محیطی, کشاورزی مدرن, مقاومت به علف کش.,
چکیده مقاله :
علفهای هرز به عنوان تهدیدی جدی برای امنیت غذایی جهانی، سالانه بیش از ۱۰۰ میلیارد دلار خسارت اقتصادی وارد می‌کنند. مدیریت علفهای هرز به عنوان یکی از چالش‌های اساسی کشاورزی مدرن، با مشکلاتی مانند مقاومت به علف‌کش‌ها، آلودگی محیط زیست و هزینه‌های اقتصادی روبرو است. فناوری‌های نوین از جمله نانوذرات، هوش مصنوعی و رباتیک راهکارهای امیدبخشی برای مقابله با این چالش‌ها ارائه می‌دهند. نانوذرات با قابلیت رهایش هدفمند و کنترل‌شده علف‌کش‌ها، مصرف سموم را تا ۷۵ درصد کاهش داده و کارایی آنها را به طور چشمگیری افزایش می‌دهند. هوش مصنوعی با پردازش تصاویر ماهواره‌ای و زمینی، الگوهای رشد علفهای هرز را با دقت ۹۵ درصد شناسایی و پیش‌بینی می‌کند. ربات‌های کشاورزی نیز با بهره‌گیری از سیستم‌های مکانیزه و هوشمند، امکان کنترل فیزیکی و شیمیایی موضعی علفهای هرز را فراهم می‌سازند و قادرند با سرعت بالا (۲۰ تصمیم در ثانیه) عملیات وجین را به صورت خودکار انجام دهند. ترکیب این سه فناوری می‌تواند تحولی اساسی در مدیریت علفهای هرز ایجاد کند و سیستم‌های یکپارچه‌ای را توسعه دهد که هم مصرف نهاده‌ها را بهینه می‌کنند و هم بازدهی مزارع را افزایش می‌دهند. با توجه به پیش‌بینی افزایش ۶۰ درصدی تقاضای جهانی غذا تا سال ۲۰۵۰، به کارگیری این فناوری‌های نوین نه‌تنها می‌تواند امنیت غذایی را تضمین کند، بلکه کشاورزی پایدار و سازگار با محیط زیست را نیز محقق خواهد ساخت. این تحولات نشان‌دهنده گذار به سمت کشاورزی دقیق‌تر و هوشمندانه‌تر است که در آن فناوری‌های پیشرفته نقش محوری در حل چالش‌های جهانی کشاورزی ایفا می‌کنند.
Weeds are a serious threat to global food security, causing more than $100 billion in economic losses annually. Weed management, as one of the fundamental challenges of modern agriculture, faces problems such as herbicide resistance, environmental pollution, and economic costs. New technologies such as nanoparticles, artificial intelligence, and robotics offer promising solutions to address these challenges. Nanoparticles with the ability to target and control herbicide release reduce pesticide consumption by up to 75% and significantly increase their efficiency. Artificial intelligence, by processing satellite and ground images, identifies and predicts weed growth patterns with 95% accuracy. Agricultural robots, using mechanized and intelligent systems, also provide the possibility of local physical and chemical control of weeds and are able to perform weeding operations automatically at high speed (20 decisions per second). The combination of these three technologies could revolutionize weed management and develop integrated systems that both optimize input use and increase farm yields. With global food demand projected to increase by 60% by 2050, the application of these new technologies could not only ensure food security but also achieve sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. These developments represent a shift towards more precise and intelligent agriculture, in which advanced technologies play a central role in solving global agricultural challenges
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