تاثیر کاربرد نیتروکسین و سطوح مختلف نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت (هیبرید ماکزیما) در استان مرکزی
محورهای موضوعی : یافته های نوین کشاورزیعلیرضا دادیان 1 , شهاب خاقانی 2 , مهدی چنگیزی 3
1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد فراهان، گروه کشاورزی، فراهان، ایران
2 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اراک، گروه کشاورزی، اراک، ایران
3 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اراک، گروه کشاورزی، اراک، ایران
کلید واژه: عملکرد, ذرت, نیتروژن, اجزاء عملکرد, نیتروکسین,
چکیده مقاله :
این آزمایشی در سال زراعی1390 در اراک اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل نیتروکسین در دو سطح بدون تلقیح و تلقیح با نیتروکسین و نیتروژن در 5 سطح صفر، 75، 150، 225 و 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار به صورت خالص و با استفاده از کود اوره 46% بودند که به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد تاثیر نیتروکسین بر تعداد ردیف در بلال، تعداد دانه در ردیف، تعداد دانه در بلال، تعداد کل بذر در گیاه، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه موثر بود به نحوی که کاربرد نیتروکسین سبب بهبود صفات مذکور گردید. تاثیر نیتروژن نیز بر صفات مذکور معنی دار شد، به طوری که مصرف آن تا 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار موجب افزایش این صفات به جز تعداد ردیف در بلال شد در حالی که بیشترین تعداد دانه در بلال با مصرف 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن به دست آمد. اثر متقابل نیتروکسین و نیتروژن بر تعداد دانه در ردیف و تعداد دانه در بلال معنی دار شد. افزایش مصرف نیتروژن تا 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار توام با کاربرد نیتروکسین افزایش این صفات را نتیجه داد. بیشترین مقدار عملکرد دانه با میانگین 9720 کیلوگرم در هکتار از تیمار کاربرد نیتروکسین همراه با مصرف 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن حاصل شد.
This experiment was carried out in crop year 2011 in Arak. Treatments included two levels nitroxin N0 (without inoculation) and N1 (inoculated with nitroxin) and nitrogen at the 5 level n0 =0, n1=75, n2=150, n3=225 and n4= 300 kg/ha net and 46% were using urea in a factorial randomized complete block design was conducted. The results showed that the number of rows per ear, grains per row, grains per ear, seeds per plant, seed weight and seed yield effective nitroxin application has been improved so that the trait. Nitrogen was also a significant effect on the characteristics, so that it is used to increase the yield of 300 kg per hectare was but had no effect on the number of rows per ear while the largest number of grains per ear and 225 kg N/ ha respectively. Nitroxin interactions and nitrogen on number of grains per row, number of grains per ear was significant. Consumption of 300 kg of nitrogen per acre yield increase with the usage nitroxin results. The most of yield of 9720 kg/ ha treated with application of 225 kg N/ ha were nitroxin
1- Akbari, Gh. A., Mazaheri, D.and Mokhtasybidgoli, A. 2005. Effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer and potash on yield and yield components of maize. (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Year XII, No. V.
2- Amirabadi, M., F. Rajali., M. R. Ardakani and M. Borji. 2009. Effect of Azotobacter and Mycorrhizal fungi inoculants at different levels of phosphorous on uptake of some mineral elements by forage maize. Iranian Journal of Research (formely Soil and Water Sciences. 23 (1): 107-115.
3- Anonymous. 2000. Biofertilizers. Indian Agricultural Resource- Manures and fertilizers, Available on: www. Indianagricultural. Com.
4- Argenta, G., P. R. F. Da silva, and L. sangoi. 2004. Leaf relative chlorophyll II content as an indicator parameter predicts nitrogen fertilization in maize. Ciencia Rural. 34 (5): 1379- 1387.
5- Bossa, B. and J. T. Ritchie. 2005. Impact of compost, manure and inoraganic fertilizer on nitrate leaching and yield for a 6- year Maize- alfalfa rotation in Michigan. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment. 108, 329- 341.
6- Cortet, J., H. El Zemrany, M. P. Lutz, A. Chabert, E. Baudoin, J. Haurat, N. Maughan, D. felix, G. Defago, R. Bally, and Y. Moenne- Loccoz. 2006. Field survival phytosimulator Azospirillum lipoferum CRTI and functional impact on maize crop. Biodegradation of crop residues. And soil faunal indications in a decreasing nitrogen fertilization. Soil Bilogy and Biochemistry. 38: 1712-1726.
7- Eydy zadeh., Kh. Mahdavi damghani, H. Sabahi, and SH. Lorzadeh. 2010. Effects of combined application of biological and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of maize. Proceedings of Crop Science Congress. Shaheed Beheshti University.p:285
8- Fikret, R.,J. Kargi. 2004. Batch biological treatment of nitrogen deficient synthetic wastewater using Azotobacter supplimented actived sludge. Agron. J. 94: 113-117.
9- Fulchirri, M., and I. Frioni. 2004. Azospirillum inoculation on maize: effect on yield in a field experiment in central argentina. Soil bio biochem. 26: 921-923.
10- German, M. A., S. Burdman, Y. Okon, and J. Kigel. 2000 . Effects of azospirillum brasilense on root morphology of common bean under different water regimes. Biology andFertility of Soils. 32:259-264.
11- Hamidi, A., A. Ghalavand, M. Dehghan shoar, M.J. Malakouty, A. Asgharzadeh, and R. Chogan. 2006. Application of plant growth-promoting bacteria on the yield of forage maize. Journal of Research and Development in Agriculture and Horticulture. No. 70, pp. 22-16.
12- Hassan nezhadyan, S., And Y. Imam. 2008. The reaction of several varieties of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata) to different levels of nitrogen fertilizer top-dressing. Proceedings of Crop Science Congress. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. Karaj.p: 313.
13- Hasanudin, H. 2001. The increasing of soil .nutrient and yield, of corn through Azotobacter inoculation and organic matter on ultisoil. Web space and hosting rfeehomepage. com.
14- Hopkins, W.G. 2004. Introduction to plant physiology 3rd-ed.).John Wirly and Sons.New York.PP.557.
15- Juarez, B., M.V. Martinez-Toledo, L. Gonzales. 2005. Growth of Azotobacter chrooccum in chemically defined media containing p- hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid. Environmental Microbiology group, Institute del Agua, Granada, Spain.59:1361-1365.
16- Kafee ghasemi, A., and M. Isfahani. 2005. Effect of nitrogen levels on yield and yield components of maize in Gilan district. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Year XII, No. V.Pp 210-218.
17- Khodabandeh, N. 2005. Cereals. Tehran university publishing. 537 page.
18- Kiniry, J. R., and J. J. Ritchie. 1985. Shad sensitive internal of kernel number in maize. Agron. J. 77:711-715.
19- Lak,Sh.,S.A. Syadat, A. Ayenehband, and Gh. Noormohammadi. 2007. Water deficit effects on corn grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of a single cross 704 in quantities of nitrogen and plant density. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Volume XIV, No. II.pp.176-198.
20- Majidian, M., H. Ghadiry. 2002. Effect of water stress at different growth stages and nitrogen fertilizer on yield, yield components, water use efficiency and some physiological characteristics of the corn plant. Journal of Agricultural Science. Volume 33, Issue 3, pp. 521-533.
21-Manske,G.B.,A. Luttgerr, R. K. Behl, P. G. VIek, and M. Cimmt. 2000. Enhancement of mycorhiza (VAM) infection. Nutrient efficiency and plant growth by azotobacter chrooccum in wheat. Plant breeding.13:78-83.
22- Meyer, J. H., and R. A. Wood .2004. Nitrogen management of sugarcane in south Africa. Proc. Aust. Soc.Sugarcane TechoL PP.93-102.
23- Mojab Ghasrodashti, A., H. R. Balouchi and A. R. Yadavi. 2011. Effect of municipal solid waste compost and nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield, Forage production and some morphological traits of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata). Electronic Journal of Crop Production Spring. 4 (1): 115-130.
24-Moslemy, Z., D. Habibi, A. Asgharzadeh, M. R. Ardakani, A. Mohammadi, and M. Mohammadi. 2009. Effect of super absorbent polymers on bacterial growth and drought resistance of corn. The first regional conference on soil and water resources management and its role in agriculture. Islamic Azad University of Shahre ghods branch.
25- Noormohammadi, Gh., S.A. Syadat, and A. Kashani. 1997. Agriculture Vol 1 (Cereal). shaheed Chamran University Press. 446 pages.
26- Nurula, N., V. Kumar, B. Singh, R. Bhatia and K. Lashminrayana. 2005. Impact of biofertilizers on grain yield in spring wheat under varying fertility conditions and wheat- cotton rotation. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 51(1):79-89.
27- Rahmati, H., M. Farshadfar, M. Amjadyan, and F. Moradi. 2010. Effect of different levels of nitrogen and plant density on yield and yield components of maize. Proceedings of Crop Science Congress. Shaheed Beheshti University.p:125.
28- Rezaei soukhtabandany, R. and M. Ramezani. 2010. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen on growth and physiological indices of forage maize (hybrid SC704) weather in Mazandaran province. Journal of Crop Physiology. Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz. Second year. Number Three, Volume 7.
29- Sabeghy nezhad, F., H. Farahbakhsh., And Gh. Mohammadi nezhad. 2010. Effects of iron and nitrogen levels on yield and yield components of two cultivars of sweet corn in Jiroft. Proceedings of Crop Science Congress. Shaheed Beheshti University.p:173.
30- Sadeghi, H., and M. J. Bahrany. 2002. Effect of plant density and nitrogen levels on yield and yield components of maize. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. Volume III, No. 2. Pp. 1-11.
31- Saikia, S.P., G. Vanita, S. Khetarpal, and S. Aravind. 2007. Dinitrogen fixation activityao Azospirillum brasilense in maize(Zea mays).Current Science.P:1296-1300.
32- Saranjam, d., H, Naghavi, and A. Khurgamy. 2010. Improve growth and yield of corn in terms of management and use of nitrogen and sulfate on Azotobacter. Proceedings of Crop Science Congress. Shaheed Beheshti University.p:321.
33- Sarmady nayebi, H., J. Hamzehyi, A. Sepehry, and M. Yazdandoost Hamadani. 2010. Effect of planting date on yield and yield components of maize Biopriming with Nitroxin biofertilizer in Hamadan. Proceedings of Crop Science Congress. Shaheed Beheshti University.p:389.
34- Scharf, P. C .,S . M .Brouder, and R. G. Hoeft. 2006 . Cholorophyll meter reading can predict nitrogen need and yield response of corn in the north-central USA. Agron. J. 98:655-665.
35- Seifi, M., M. R. Ardakani, F. Rejaly. 2006. Performance Evaluation of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza influences of different levels of nitrogen on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forage maize single cross 704 in the Markazi Province. Master's thesis Agriculture. Islamic Azad University, Arak.
36- Sharifi, M. 2011. Effect of Nitroxin application, nitrogen levels and manure on seed yield's of corn (Sweet corn) in the city of Arak. Islamic Azad University master's thesis.P:239.
37- Tohidi nezhad, A., F. Kordi, M. M. Majidi, N.. Boostan, and GH. Mohammadinezhad. 2008. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels on yield and yield components of some grain maize hybrides in Iranshahr. Proceedings of 1th Crop Science Congress. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj.p:321.
38- Yazdani, M.., H. Pyrdshty. M.N. Esmaeili and M.A. Bahmanyar. 2008. Optimization of chemical fertilizer, organic and biological yield and yield components of maize varieties SC 604. Proceedings of the Tenth Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Seed Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, p 42.
39- Zahir, A. Z. ,M. Arshad, and A. Khalid. 1998. Improving yield by inoculation with plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria. Pakistan Journal of Soil Science. 15:7-11.