اثر تکنیک های مختلف پرایمینگ بر شاخص های جوانه زنی و قدرت بذر آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus)

محورهای موضوعی : یافته های نوین کشاورزی

سحر باصرکوچه باغ ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تبریز، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، تبریز، ایران)
فرهاد فرح وش ² (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تبریز، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، تبریز، ایران)
بهرام میرشکاری ³ (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تبریز، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، تبریز، ایران)
فرخ رحیم زاده خویی ⁴ (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تبریز، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، تبریز، ایران)
حمداله کاظمی اربط ⁵ (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تبریز، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، تبریز، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/08/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/08/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1392/08/01

کلید واژه: آفتابگردان, پرایمینگ بذر, درصد جوانه زنی, صفات فیزیولوژیک و صفات مورفولوژیک,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور مطالعه تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف بذر بر جوانه زنی آفتابگردان، آزمایشی در دو مرحله آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه ای به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در آزمایشگاه و با چهار تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز در سال 1391 اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل تابش امواج اولتراسونیک با حداکثر 3 وات بر سانتی متر مربع و اشعه گاما و بتا با شدت ثابت2 میکروکوریل به مدت 10دقیقه، لیزر با طول موج 6328 آنگستروم و میدان مغناطیسی (با شدت 40 میلی تسلا) در سه تیمار زمان 5،10 و 15 دقیقه روی بذرهای خیس، هیدروپرایمینگ به مدت 24 ساعت و شاهد بودند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین درصد جوانه زنی نهایی مربوط به تیمار بذر با اشعه لیزر 10 دقیقه (برابر 33/98 %) اختصاص داشت. وقتی بذور بعد از هیدروپرایمینگ کشت شدند، طول گیاهچه نسبت به شاهد آب مقطر حدود 99% افزایش نشان داد. بیشترین شاخص ویگور به تیمار میدان مغناطیسی 5 دقیقه اختصاص یافت. وقتی بذور آفتابگردان بعد از تیمار با میدان مغناطیسی 15 دقیقه کشت شدند، وزن خشک ساقه آن نسبت به تیمارشاهد با آب مقطر حدود 121% افزایش نشان داد. در حالی که کمترین آن مربوط به تیمار اشعه گاما (16/12گرم) محاسبه شد. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از آن است که افزایش محصول در تیمارهای تشعشات فیزیکی مشاهده شده است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In order to study the effect of different seed treatments on germination of sunflower, on experiment was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse stages with completely randomized design and three replications in laboratory and four replications in greenhouse, in researcher  Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 2013. Treatments included, ultrasonic treatments with maximum (3 w.m-2) and gamma and beta irradiation treatments (2 µc) for 10 minutes laser treatments (6328A°) and magnetic field (40 MT) in three time (5, 10, 15 minutes) on wet seed, hydro-priming for 24 hourse and control. Results indicate that maximum final germination percentage was by seed treatments with laser irradiation for 10 minutes (nearly by 98.33%). Cultivating after hydro-priming, seedling length ratio to control inceased 99%. Highest vigor index was magnetic field treatment for 5 minutes. Highest root length was magnetic field treatment for 15 minutes. Magnetic field treatment for 15 minutes had the most effect on plant height with 93 mm when sunflower seeds that were treated by magnetic field for 15 minutes were cultivated stem dry weight ratio to control increased nearly 121%. Lowest stem dry weight was by gamma irradiation (12.16 g). Results show that physical irradiation treatments are for recommended for increased product.

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