بررسی مقایسه‌ای مشخصات کمی و کیفی درختان کیکم در منطقه قرق و غیر قرق(مطالعه موردی: منطقه حفاظت شده باغ شادی)
محورهای موضوعی : توده های طبیعی و مدیریت شده
فریبرز ایراندوست
1
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه سراسری یزد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، گروه جنگلداری، یزد، ایران.)
محمد حسن امتحانی
2
(استادیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشگاه سراسری یزد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، گروه جنگلداری، یزد، ایران.)
بهمن کیانی
3
(استادیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشگاه سراسری یزد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، گروه جنگلداری، یزد، ایران.)
هدایت الله میرشمسی
4
(کارشناس ارشد جنگلداری اداره کل منابع طبیعی استان یزد، یزد، ایران.)
کلید واژه: خصوصیات کمی و کیفی, قرق, کیکم, خشکیدگی,
چکیده مقاله :
برای بررسی مقایسه ای مشخصات کمی و کیفی درختان کیکم در دو بخش قرق و غیر قرق(هر یک به مساحت 120 هکتار) منطقه حفاظت شده باغ شادی هرات در استان یزد، ابتدا شبکه آماربرداری به ابعاد 200 × 200 متر پیاده شد. در مجموع تعداد 60 قطعه نمونه به صورت تصادفی سیستماتیک با مساحت ثابت 12 آر برداشت شد. در هر قطعه نمونه خصوصیات کمی و کیفی درختان کیکم از قبیل: تعداد درختان، ارتفاع درختان، قطر یقه کیکم(چون حالت شاخه زاد دارند و دارای تنه واحد نمی باشند)، فرم رویش، قطر بزرگ و کوچک تاج، زادآوری، سایر گونه های همراه، آفت زدگی و سرخشکیدگی درختان کیکم برداشت شد. هر دو منطقه مذکور دارای شیب بالای 12 درصد بوده و جهت عمومی به طرف شرق می باشد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها و اعمال آزمونهای نرمالیه کلموگروف اسمیرنف، من_ویتنی یو و تی مستقل، میانگین قطر در محل یقه در مناطق قرق و خارج از قرق، به ترتیب 65/17و 3/23 سانتیمتر و تعداد نهال در سطح هکتار به ترتیب 7778/2 و 4321/0 بود. درصد تاج پوشش در هکتار کیکم به ترتیب 18/5 درصد و 18/3 درصد بود. میانگین تراکم کیکم به ترتیب 1667/69 و 4516/46 اصله در هکتار، میانگین تراکم توده به ترتیب 27/180 و 66/106 اصله در هکتار، درصد فراوانی کیکم نسبت به کل توده به ترتیب 36/38 درصد و 55/43 درصد و میانگین تعداد جست کیکم نیز به ترتیب 4/44 و 31 عدد بود. در مجموع از نظر خصوصیات کمی در قسمت قرق وضعیت بهتری مشاهده شد. در خصوص مشخصات کیفی، میانگین تعداد درختان دارای سرخشکیدگی در قسمتهای قرق و خارج از قرق به ترتیب 33/46 و 08/35 اصله در هکتار و میانگین تعداد درختان آفت زده کیکم به ترتیب 43 و 7/7 اصله در هکتار بود. از نظر کیفی درختان خارج از قرق آفت زدگی و خشکیدگی کمتری داشتند.
Abstract And comparison quantitative and qualitative characteristics of maple trees In two parts of reserved and unreserved (Each with an area of 120 hectares), Protected area of Bagh-e shadi in Yazd Province, first a 200*200 meters gride include 30 sampling plot was used in each reserved and unreserved areas. A total of 60 samples were systematic random selected with a fixed area of 12 R. In each plot the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of maple trees (Such as: Number of trees, height of trees, Collar diameter, Its shape, large and small diameters of the crown, Regeneration, pest, dieback, bounce were measured and recorded. Both of these areas have a gradient of over 12%, and the general direction is to the east Based on the results of data analysis and applying normalization tests, Kolmogorov Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U and Independent T, Average of the DRC in two parts of reserved and unreserved was:17.64 and 23.3 cm, and The number of seedlings per hectare was: 2.7777 and 0.4321, respectively. Percentage of canopy per hectare of maple was: 5.18% and 3.18%, and Average density of maple was:69.1667 and 46.4516 Number per hectare, respectively. Average density of mass was:180.27 and 106.66 Number per hectare, respectively. Percentage of maple as compared to the total mass was:38.36% and 43.55%, respectively. Average number of bounce was: 44.4 and 31, respectively. Overall, in terms of quantitative characteristics There was a better Condition in the reserved area. About qualitative characteristics, Average number of trees with dieback in two parts of reserved and unreserved was:46.33 and 35.08 Number per hectare, respectively. The average number of pest’s maple was: 43 and 7.7 Number per hectare, respectively. From the qualitative point of view, trees of unreserved area were less pest and dieback.
References
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5. Gould, P. J., 2005. Regenerating oak dominated stands: Descriptions, predictive models, and guidelines. Ph.D. Thesis, the Pennsylvania state University, 156 p.
6. Geravand, Y., 2013. Investigating the Structure and Pattern of Distribution of Pistacia atlantica in Two Protected and non-Protected Areas of Bagh-e Shadi. Master's Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desertification of Yazd University, 110 p.
7. Hatami, F., M. Naderishahab, M. Tabari, & A. Jafari, 2010. Cryopreservation of Acer monspessulanum seeds. Iranian Journal of Rangelands Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, Vol. 18, (1):12-23.
8. Heidari, M., M. Namiranian, M. Zobeiri, & L. Ghahramani, 2013. Investigation on appropriate inventory method for determining structure of Northern Zagros Forests (Case study: Blake Forests, Baneh). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, Vol. 21, (3): 467-480.
9. Jahanbazi Goojani, H., KH. Saghebtalebi, M. Talebi, & Y. Iranmanesh, 2009. The Effect of Geographical Directions and Land Formation on Vegetation Parameters of Acer monspessulanum in Cheri Bazoft Cultivated Forests. 03rd National Conference on Forest, Karaj, isaforestry.
10. Kavoosi, M., 2009. Damage of Usnea articulata and Identification of New Hosts of Semi-Parasite Plants in forest of Golestan Province. 03rd National Conference on Forest, isaforestry.
11. Kialashki, A., & D. Asadpoor, 2010. Investigating the effects of cultivating operations in managed mass and control mass (Case study: Parts 2 and 13 of the Berenjestanak series). Journal of Sciences and Techniques in Resources Natural, Sixth year, (1).
12. López González, G. 1995. La guía de incafo de los árboles y arbustos de la penínsulaibérica866 pp. Editorial Incafo Madrid.
13. Mirzaee, J., M. Akbarinia, S.M. Hosseini, M. Tabari, S.Gh. Jalali, 2007. Comparison of natural regeneration of woody species in relation to physiographic and soil factors in Zagros forests (Case study: Arghavan Protected Area in northern Ilam. Whatershed Management Research, (77):16-23.
14. Nasiri, M., 2008. Investigation of suitable seed germination enhancement and breaking seed dormancy treatment of Montpellier maple (Acer monospessulanum L.). Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, Vol. 16, (1): 94-105.
15. Omidi, H., M. Akbarinya, S.M. Hosseyni, & A. Mahdavi, 2009. The Effect of Physiography and Soil Factors on Natural Regeneration of Wooden Species of Kushk Region in Ilam. 03rd National Conference on Forest, Karaj, isaforestry.
16. Poor Reza, M., 2004. An Investigation on the Quantitative and qualitative position of forest in the two protected and non-protected areas in the Darbadam forest in Kermanshah province. Master's Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources of Guilan University, 57 p.
17. Rostamikia, Y., & M. Zobeiri, 2012. Study on The Structure of Juniperus excelsa Beib. Stand in Khakhal Protected Forests. Journal of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, Vol. 19, (4).
18. Smith, F., 1996. Biological Diversit Ecosystem Stability and Economic Development, Journal of Ecological Economics, (16): 191-203.
19. Shafroth, P. B., J. C. Stromberg & D. T. Patten, 2000. Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes, West N. Am, Naturalist, (60): 66-76.
20. Zobeiri, M., 2000. Forest inventory (Measurement of Tree and Forest), Publisher in Tehran University, Third edition, 401 p.
References
1. Azizi, S., & M. Kavoosi, 2009. The Effect of Geographical Directions on Loranthus Spp Pollution Severity and Determination of its Hosts in Ilam Province Forests (Case Study: Mountain Gachan). 03rd National Conference on Forest, isaforestry.
2. Ashayeri Panah, H., 2013. Estimation of Ecotourism Value of Protected Area of Bagh Shadi, Khatam, Yazd Province. Master's Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Arsanjan Islamic Azad University, 106 p.
3. Delfan, S., N. Nazari, & J. Soosani, 2012. Investigation of quality changes of oak forests in Elevation layers of Zagros forests. The 1st national conference on solutions to access sustainable development, Ministry of the Interior.
4. Fallahchay, M., Kh. Kalantari, H. Payam, 2011. Journal of Lahijan Unit of Biological Sciences, Fifth year, Vol. 1, (4).
5. Gould, P. J., 2005. Regenerating oak dominated stands: Descriptions, predictive models, and guidelines. Ph.D. Thesis, the Pennsylvania state University, 156 p.
6. Geravand, Y., 2013. Investigating the Structure and Pattern of Distribution of Pistacia atlantica in Two Protected and non-Protected Areas of Bagh-e Shadi. Master's Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desertification of Yazd University, 110 p.
7. Hatami, F., M. Naderishahab, M. Tabari, & A. Jafari, 2010. Cryopreservation of Acer monspessulanum seeds. Iranian Journal of Rangelands Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, Vol. 18, (1):12-23.
8. Heidari, M., M. Namiranian, M. Zobeiri, & L. Ghahramani, 2013. Investigation on appropriate inventory method for determining structure of Northern Zagros Forests (Case study: Blake Forests, Baneh). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, Vol. 21, (3): 467-480.
9. Jahanbazi Goojani, H., KH. Saghebtalebi, M. Talebi, & Y. Iranmanesh, 2009. The Effect of Geographical Directions and Land Formation on Vegetation Parameters of Acer monspessulanum in Cheri Bazoft Cultivated Forests. 03rd National Conference on Forest, Karaj, isaforestry.
10. Kavoosi, M., 2009. Damage of Usnea articulata and Identification of New Hosts of Semi-Parasite Plants in forest of Golestan Province. 03rd National Conference on Forest, isaforestry.
11. Kialashki, A., & D. Asadpoor, 2010. Investigating the effects of cultivating operations in managed mass and control mass (Case study: Parts 2 and 13 of the Berenjestanak series). Journal of Sciences and Techniques in Resources Natural, Sixth year, (1).
12. López González, G. 1995. La guía de incafo de los árboles y arbustos de la penínsulaibérica866 pp. Editorial Incafo Madrid.
13. Mirzaee, J., M. Akbarinia, S.M. Hosseini, M. Tabari, S.Gh. Jalali, 2007. Comparison of natural regeneration of woody species in relation to physiographic and soil factors in Zagros forests (Case study: Arghavan Protected Area in northern Ilam. Whatershed Management Research, (77):16-23.
14. Nasiri, M., 2008. Investigation of suitable seed germination enhancement and breaking seed dormancy treatment of Montpellier maple (Acer monospessulanum L.). Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, Vol. 16, (1): 94-105.
15. Omidi, H., M. Akbarinya, S.M. Hosseyni, & A. Mahdavi, 2009. The Effect of Physiography and Soil Factors on Natural Regeneration of Wooden Species of Kushk Region in Ilam. 03rd National Conference on Forest, Karaj, isaforestry.
16. Poor Reza, M., 2004. An Investigation on the Quantitative and qualitative position of forest in the two protected and non-protected areas in the Darbadam forest in Kermanshah province. Master's Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources of Guilan University, 57 p.
17. Rostamikia, Y., & M. Zobeiri, 2012. Study on The Structure of Juniperus excelsa Beib. Stand in Khakhal Protected Forests. Journal of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, Vol. 19, (4).
18. Smith, F., 1996. Biological Diversit Ecosystem Stability and Economic Development, Journal of Ecological Economics, (16): 191-203.
19. Shafroth, P. B., J. C. Stromberg & D. T. Patten, 2000. Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes, West N. Am, Naturalist, (60): 66-76.
20. Zobeiri, M., 2000. Forest inventory (Measurement of Tree and Forest), Publisher in Tehran University, Third edition, 401 p.