تاثیر تغییرات تنوع گونه‌ای بر مواد آلی ذره‌ای خاک مراتع کوهستانی آذربایجان غربی
محورهای موضوعی : جنگلداری
بهنام بهرامی
1
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی نور، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، ایران)
رضا عرفانزاده
2
(- استادیار گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی نور، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، ایران)
جواد معتمدی
3
(- استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ارومیه، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران)
کلید واژه: : اجزای ناپایدار خاک, خاکدانه, اکوسیستم مرتعی, Prangos uloptera,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور ارزیابی تاثیر گونه جاشیر (Prangos uloptera) و گونه های همراه بر اجزاء ماده آلی خاک و توزیع خاکدانه ها، مراتع کوهستانی خانقاه سرخ ارومیه انتخاب گردید. نمونه گیری به روش تصادفی- سیستماتیک انجام شد. ابتدا دو منطقه مرتعی در کنار هم، با گونه غالب جاشیر انتخاب و سپس چهار عرصه معرف در سطح هر یک از مناطق، جهت نمونه برداری انتخاب شد. نمونه های خاک از دو عمق 15-0 و 30-15 سانتیمتری و در مجموع 32 نمونه خاک از هر منطقه و دو عمق جمع آوری شد. کربن آلی ذره ای (POM-C) و نیتروژن آلی ذره ای (POM-N)، درصد خاکدانه های درشت و ریز و کربن موجود در آنها، آزمایش و آنالیز شد. نتایج آنالیز واریانس نشان داد که به جز درصد خاکدانه های درشت، تمامی فاکتور های مورد بررسی، در اثر افزایش تنوع گونه ای همراه با پایه جاشیردر منطقه مرتعی دوم افزایش یافتند. کربن و نیتروژن آلی ذره ای، کربن همراه با خاکدانه های درشت و درصد خاکدانه های ریز به طور معنی داری تحت تاثیر تنوع گونه ای بالای گیاهان همراه با جاشیر در منطقه مرتعی دوم قرار گرفتند. نتایج این تحقیق، تاثیر سریع تغییرات مدیریتی بر مواد آلی ذره ای را نشان داد و همچنین تغییر پذیری مواد آلی ذره ای خاک در واکنش به تغییرات مدیریتی پوشش گیاهی را ثابت نمود. افزایش مواد آلی ذره ای می تواند ناپایدار باشد، بنابراین تنوع گونه ای اکوسیستمهای مرتعی باید از طریق مدیریت بهینه پوشش گیاهی برای مدت زمان طولانی، حفظ گردد تا افزایش مثبت کربن آلی در خاک حاصل گردد.
In this study, For evaluating the effect of Prangos uloptera and accompanying species on the components of soil organic matter and distribution of aggregates, mountainous rangelands of Khaneghah-Sorkh of Urmia was selected. Sampling was conducted random-systematically. Initially, two locations beside of each other were selected, and then 4 sites, which were the representative of each location, were selected for sampling. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 and 15-30cm depth and totally 32 soil samples for each location from two depths were collected. Particulate organic matter- Carbon (POM-C) and Particulate organic matter- Nitrogen (POM-N), Percentage of coarse and fine aggregates and existing carbon of them were examined and analyzed. Results of variance analysis show that except the percentage of coarse aggregate all other investigated factors were increased by the increase of accompanied species diversity with each base of Prangos uloptera in the second location. Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, carbon associated with coarse and fine aggregates percentage is significantly influenced by the high diversity of the accompanied plant species with the Prangos uloptera in the second location. Results of this study showed the rapid effects of management changes on the particulate organic matter and also proved the variability of particulate organic matter in the soil under the change of management practices on vegetation. Moreover, the increase of particulate organic matter can be unstable, thus management of vegetation and species diversity of rangeland ecosystems must be conserved for long time, till we have seen positive increase in soil organic carbon
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