شناسایی و تعیین پراکنش گیاهان مورد استفاده زنبورعسل در حوزه آبخیز گله‌دار (استان فارس)
محورهای موضوعی :
جنگلداری
عبدالحمید کریمی
1
(استادیار پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس.)
حسن نظریان
2
(دانشیار آموزشی مرکز آموزش عالی امام خمینی(ره)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی.)
عفت جعفری
3
(مربی پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس.)
احمد حاتمی
4
(کارشناس ارشد پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/01/15
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/08/26
تاریخ انتشار : 1395/09/01
کلید واژه:
فلور,
فرم رویشی,
زنبورعسل,
تقویم زنبورداری,
حوزه آبخیز گله‌دار,
چکیده مقاله :
پرورش دهندگان زنبورعسل علاوه بر آگاهی از بیولوژی زنبورعسل، نیازمند شناسایی گونه های گیاهی و همچنین نوع و مقدار شهد و گرده و طول دوره گلدهی گیاهان هستند. با استفاده از این اطلاعات و با توجه به شرایط آب وهوایی مناطق مختلف می‌توان در استفاده بهینه از منابع غذایی مختلف در تغذیه زنبورعسل و اقتصادی‌تر نمودن این فعالیت، گام اساسی برداشت. این تحقیق در حوزه آبخیز گله دار به منظورشناسایی و تعیین گونه های گیاهی مورد استفاده زنبور عسل در هر منطقه و تعیین زمان مناسب جهت استقرار کندوها بر اساس زمان گلدهی گیاهان انجام گرفت. حوزه آبخیز گله‌دار با مساحت 52250 هکتار، حداقل ارتفاع 480 متر و حداکثر ارتفاع 1600 متر از سطح دریا در جنوب استان فارس واقع شده‌است. در این مطالعه ابتدا با استفاده از نقشه توپوگرافی و عکس هوایی، تیپ‌بندی اولیه گیاهان منطقه انجام شد. پس از شناسایی گیاهان مورد استفاده زنبورعسل، تراکم و درصد تاج پوشش این گیاهان در مکان های این حوزه تعیین گردید، علاوه بر این شش تیپ گیاهی غالب در این مناطق مشخص شد. بررسی داده‌ها نشان داد که جنس های گیاهی Veronica Calendula، Plantago وSilene ، بالاترین درصد تراکم نسبی فرم رویشی علفی، Astragalusfasiculifolius، Convolvulus acanthocladus و Platychaete aucheri بالاترین درصد تراکم نسبی فرم رویشی بوته‌ای و Ziziphus spina-christii و Amygdalus eburnea بالاترین درصد تاج پوشش فرم رویشی درختی و درختچه‌ای مورد استفاده زنبور عسل را داشته‌اند و بازه زمانی غالب گلدهی تیپ‌های گیاهی مورد استفاده زنبورعسل در مکان های مورد مطالعه از اواسط اسفند تا اواخر اردیبهشت است. لذا این دوره با توجه به گلدهی مناسب گیاهان شناسایی شده مورد استفاده زنبور عسل در منطقه، مناسب‌ترین زمان برای استفاده زنبورداران است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
In addition to knowledge of the biology of honey bees, beekeepers are required to define species, amount of nectar and pollen and flowering duration. This information can be used in preparing beekeeping calendar and suitable usage of different nutrient sources in order to have an economical apiculture management. This study conducted in southern of Fars province (Galehdar watershed) to plants identification, flowering period determination, beekeeping calendar preparation and apiculture improvement.Galehdar watershed covers an area of 52250 hectares, with a minimum height of 480 m and a maximum of 1600 m above sea level, is located in southern of Fars province. In this study, using aerial photographs and topographic maps, early type of plants were classified. Then Plant density and canopy cover of honey bee plant resources determined in different sites of this area. Botanical studies of research area and identification of main species of plant types of Galehdar watershed showed six dominant plant types in this area. Also, data showed that the plants genus such as Veronica, Calendula, Plantago and Silene in the form of forbs, Astragalus fasiculifolius, Convolvulus acanthocladus and Platychaete aucheri in the form of shrubs, Ziziphus spina-christii and Amygdalus eburnea in the forms of tree and bush had the highest plant density in the Galehdar watershed. The best flowering time of these plants is from March to May. Thus during this period bee keepers can use this area for having high productivity and performance.
منابع و مأخذ:
Afzali, M., GH, Tahmasbi., H, Nazarian & H, Rafiee. 1997. Identify pollen and nectar plants uses by honey bees in Gilan province. 3th Research Conference of Honey Bees, Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Tabriz, Iran. Pages: 35-36. (In persian).
Asadi, N., GH, Tahmasbi., H, Nazarian., M, Ranjbar & H, Mirdavoodi. 1997. Identification and investigation of plants which are used by honey bees in central province. Second Seminar of beekeeping, livestock research institute. Tehran, Iran, 51-52. (In persian).
Carreck, N.L., I.H, Williams & D.J, Little. 1997. The movement of honeybee colonies for crop pollenation and honey production by beekeepers in Great Britain. Bee World. 78 (2): 67-77.
Coffey, M.F & J, Breen. 1997. Seasonal variation in pollen and nectar sources of honeybees in Irland. J. Apic. Res. 36 (2): 63-76.
Cook, S.M., C.S, Awmack., D.A, Murray& I.H, Williams. 2003. Are honey bees foraging preferences affected by pollen amino acid composition? Ecological Entomology. 28: 622-627.
Ebadi, R & Ahmadi, A. 1990. Bee keeping. Publication Rahe Nejate Esfahan. 565 pp. (In persian).
Edvard, E. 1992. Bee pollination in the European community. American Bee J. 7: 469-470.
Faghih, A.R. 2000. Identification and study of honey plant resources in Khansar and Faridan regions of Esfahan province. MSc thesis, super central education of Emam Khomeini, 213 pp. (In persian).
Faghih, A.R., R, Ebadi., H, Nazarian & M, Noroozi. 2005. Determination of attractiveness of different plants for honey bess in Khansar and Faridan regions of Esfahan province. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science 36(3), 521-536. (In persian).
Ghlichnia, H. 1997. Identify and evaluate of honey plant resources in mountainous and forested areas of Mazandaran province. Fourth Seminar of Honeybee. Animal Science Research Institute. Tehran. 78-79. (In persian).
Ghoraishi-Al Hosseni, j & F, Memariani. 2000. Palynology study of some samples of honeys of Khorasan province. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi 49: 76-83. (In persian).
Iannuzzi, J. 1993. Pollen: Food for honeybee and man. American Bee J. 7: 496-500.
Javaheri, D. 1995. Study of excitatory feed bees with pollen supplement and substitute protein and their effects on growth and resistance colonies and honey production. MSc thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University. (In persian).
Karimi, A., H, Nazarian., E, Jafari., B, Eilami & A, Hatami. 2004. Identification of Fars honey plant resources. Publication of Research Institute of Forests & Rangelands., the final report, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Fars province. 67 PP. (In persian).
Karimi, A., H, Nazarian., E, Jafari. (2007). Identification of Fars hony bee plant resources from three families (Asteraceae, Papilionaceae and Lamiaceae) in Fars Province.Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 75: 101-111. (In persian).
Larti, M., P, Ghasempour., A, Karimi & H, Nazarian. 2005. Identification of Roze Chae watershed honey plant resources. Scientific Meeting of medicinal plants, honey. Urmia. Agriculture Organization of West Azarbaijan. 17-18. (In persian).
Manafi, H. 1994. Palynology study of honeys of Azarbayjan province. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi 22: 180-182. (In persian).
Mohammadi, J 1993. The honey bee and its role in plant pollination. (Translated and compiled). University of Zanjan. 88 PP.
Mulder, P. 1990. Nectarand Pollen Plants of Oklahoma. Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Oklahoma State University. http://www.okrangelandswest.okstate.edu/pdfFiles/OSUextPubs/F-7155.pdf
Nazarian, H., M, Shriat penahi., Gh, Tahmasbi., R, Taghavi zadeh & A, Zareabadi. 1998. Identify plants uses by honey bees in Tehran province. Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Tehran, Iran. 70. (In persian).
Razaghi kamrodi, S.H. 2000. Identification and studying of flowering period and attractivity of honey bee plants in noorrod basin of mazandaran province. MSc thesis, super central education of Emam Khomeini, 220PP. (In persian).
Rechinger, K.H. 1963. Flora Iranica. Vol. 1- 176.
Saadatmand, J. honey bee. 1998. Publication Noor PardazanTehran: 434 PP. (In persian).
Southwick, E.E. 1991. Pollen. American Bee J. 304-335.
Szklanowska, K & J, Wieniarska. 1993. The effect on yield by the bees visit on raspberry flowers (Rubusidaeus L.) the successive ramifications in inflorescence. J. Apic. Res. 352: 231-235.
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Afzali, M., GH, Tahmasbi., H, Nazarian & H, Rafiee. 1997. Identify pollen and nectar plants uses by honey bees in Gilan province. 3th Research Conference of Honey Bees, Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Tabriz, Iran. Pages: 35-36. (In persian).
Asadi, N., GH, Tahmasbi., H, Nazarian., M, Ranjbar & H, Mirdavoodi. 1997. Identification and investigation of plants which are used by honey bees in central province. Second Seminar of beekeeping, livestock research institute. Tehran, Iran, 51-52. (In persian).
Carreck, N.L., I.H, Williams & D.J, Little. 1997. The movement of honeybee colonies for crop pollenation and honey production by beekeepers in Great Britain. Bee World. 78 (2): 67-77.
Coffey, M.F & J, Breen. 1997. Seasonal variation in pollen and nectar sources of honeybees in Irland. J. Apic. Res. 36 (2): 63-76.
Cook, S.M., C.S, Awmack., D.A, Murray& I.H, Williams. 2003. Are honey bees foraging preferences affected by pollen amino acid composition? Ecological Entomology. 28: 622-627.
Ebadi, R & Ahmadi, A. 1990. Bee keeping. Publication Rahe Nejate Esfahan. 565 pp. (In persian).
Edvard, E. 1992. Bee pollination in the European community. American Bee J. 7: 469-470.
Faghih, A.R. 2000. Identification and study of honey plant resources in Khansar and Faridan regions of Esfahan province. MSc thesis, super central education of Emam Khomeini, 213 pp. (In persian).
Faghih, A.R., R, Ebadi., H, Nazarian & M, Noroozi. 2005. Determination of attractiveness of different plants for honey bess in Khansar and Faridan regions of Esfahan province. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science 36(3), 521-536. (In persian).
Ghlichnia, H. 1997. Identify and evaluate of honey plant resources in mountainous and forested areas of Mazandaran province. Fourth Seminar of Honeybee. Animal Science Research Institute. Tehran. 78-79. (In persian).
Ghoraishi-Al Hosseni, j & F, Memariani. 2000. Palynology study of some samples of honeys of Khorasan province. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi 49: 76-83. (In persian).
Iannuzzi, J. 1993. Pollen: Food for honeybee and man. American Bee J. 7: 496-500.
Javaheri, D. 1995. Study of excitatory feed bees with pollen supplement and substitute protein and their effects on growth and resistance colonies and honey production. MSc thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University. (In persian).
Karimi, A., H, Nazarian., E, Jafari., B, Eilami & A, Hatami. 2004. Identification of Fars honey plant resources. Publication of Research Institute of Forests & Rangelands., the final report, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Fars province. 67 PP. (In persian).
Karimi, A., H, Nazarian., E, Jafari. (2007). Identification of Fars hony bee plant resources from three families (Asteraceae, Papilionaceae and Lamiaceae) in Fars Province.Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 75: 101-111. (In persian).
Larti, M., P, Ghasempour., A, Karimi & H, Nazarian. 2005. Identification of Roze Chae watershed honey plant resources. Scientific Meeting of medicinal plants, honey. Urmia. Agriculture Organization of West Azarbaijan. 17-18. (In persian).
Manafi, H. 1994. Palynology study of honeys of Azarbayjan province. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi 22: 180-182. (In persian).
Mohammadi, J 1993. The honey bee and its role in plant pollination. (Translated and compiled). University of Zanjan. 88 PP.
Mulder, P. 1990. Nectarand Pollen Plants of Oklahoma. Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Oklahoma State University. http://www.okrangelandswest.okstate.edu/pdfFiles/OSUextPubs/F-7155.pdf
Nazarian, H., M, Shriat penahi., Gh, Tahmasbi., R, Taghavi zadeh & A, Zareabadi. 1998. Identify plants uses by honey bees in Tehran province. Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Tehran, Iran. 70. (In persian).
Razaghi kamrodi, S.H. 2000. Identification and studying of flowering period and attractivity of honey bee plants in noorrod basin of mazandaran province. MSc thesis, super central education of Emam Khomeini, 220PP. (In persian).
Rechinger, K.H. 1963. Flora Iranica. Vol. 1- 176.
Saadatmand, J. honey bee. 1998. Publication Noor PardazanTehran: 434 PP. (In persian).
Southwick, E.E. 1991. Pollen. American Bee J. 304-335.
Szklanowska, K & J, Wieniarska. 1993. The effect on yield by the bees visit on raspberry flowers (Rubusidaeus L.) the successive ramifications in inflorescence. J. Apic. Res. 352: 231-235.
